1. Conditions for Life:
CLIMATE
Conditions for Life:
CLIMATE
By: Anna Mae A. Cababaros
MS EST-1
By: Anna Mae A. Cababaros
MS EST-1

2. W
E
A
T
H
E
R
VS.
C
L
I
M
A
T
E
Weather- is the combination of
temperature, humidity,
precipitation, wind, cloudiness,
and other atmospheric
conditions at a specific time.
Climate- is the characteristic
condition of the atmosphere
near the earth's surface at a
certain place on earth. It is the
long-term weather of that area
(at least 30 years).

3. Factors affecting Climate Variation
within regions:
Factors affecting Climate Variation
within regions:
SOLAR RADIATION
LATITUDE
ELEVATION/ ALTITUDE
WIND
AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION
WATER CURRENTS

4. 1. Earth intercepts Solar Radiation.
• The intercepted energy causes thermal
patterns.
• Coupled with Earth’s rotation and movement
around the sun, it generates prevailing winds
and ocean currents.
• These movements of air and water in turn
influences the distribution of rainfall.

5. Latitude
- is the distance a
place lies north
or south of the
equator and is
measured by an
imaginary line
called lines of
latitude.

6. North Frigid Zone
Temperate Zone
Temperate Zone
South Frigid Zone
Torrid Zone

8. 2. Intercepted solar radiation varies over Earth’s
surface.
• The amount of solar energy varies markedly
with Latitude.
Variation Factors:
i. At higher latitudes, radiation hits the
surface at a greater angle, so it spreads over a
larger area.
ii. Radiation that intercepts the atmosphere
at an angle must travel through a deeper layer
of air.

11. 3. Air Temperature decreases with altitude.

12. Adiabatic Cooling
 Air molecules
under pressure
collide and heat
up.
 As warm air rises,
the pressure on it
decreases and the
air expands.
 There are fewer
collisions so the
air becomes cool.

13. • As elevation increases, the air gets cooler
because the energy is drawn from the
surroundings.
• Less dense air traps less heat resulting in net
cooling (Adiabatic Cooling).
• The rate of temperature change with
elevation is called adiabatic lapse rate.

14. 4. Air masses circulate globally.
• At the Equator, temperatures are relatively
high. Land and water masses heat up and as a
result these warm the air over them.
• Air heated at the equatorial region rises to
the top of the atmosphere.
• More air rising beneath it forces the air mass
to spread north and south toward the poles.

15. Coriolis Effect
• The rotation of the Earth causes all moving
objects in the Northern Hemisphere,
including air mass, to deflect to the right and
those in the Southern Hemisphere to move to
the left.
• This effect is absent at the equator.
• Coriolis Force- prevents a direct simple flow
from the equator to the poles.

17. Series of Prevailing Winds:
Polar Regions- Polar easterlies
Near the Equator- Easterly Trade winds
Middle Latitude- Westerlies
The flow is divided into six cells, three in each regions:
a)Equatorial Low (Doldrums)- the air that flows up from the equator
forms an equatorial zone of low pressure, a region of calm.
b) Subtropical High (Horse latitudes)- the region of light winds.
c) Westerlies- the north-ward flowing air current turns right.
d) Northeast trade winds-the southward air also deflected to the
right.
e) Polar easterlies- the air aloft gradually moves , continues to cool
and descends at the polar region. There it cools further at the surface,
and flows southward.

19. 5. Solar energy, wind, and Earth’s rotation
creates Ocean currents.
Current- the systematic patters of water
movement.
Gyres- two great circular water motion.
Northern Hemisphere- the ocean current
moves clockwise.
Southern Hemisphere- the ocean current
move counterclockwise.

20. • Trade winds push warm surface waters
westward at the equator.
• As the waters encounter the continents,
they split into north- and south-flowing
currents along the eastern coast, forming
north and south gyres.

24. 6. Temperature influences the amount of moisture
can hold.
Function (Temperature)- the amount of water that
can be held in a given volume of air.
Saturation vapor pressure- The maximum amount
of water vapor that can be held in a volume of air
at a given temperature.
Relative Humidity- is the amount of water in the air
expressed as a percentage of the saturation
vapor pressure.
Dew point- The temperature at which saturation
vapor is achieved.

25. 7. Precipitation has a global pattern.
High Precipitation – Tropical Regions (eastern
Asia, Africa, South America as well as
southeastern North America)
• As westerly winds move across the tropical
oceans, they gather moisture.
• The warm air cools as it rises.
• When the dew point is reached, clouds form
and precipitation falls as rain.

28. • As the winds move northward and
southward, they cool.
• In the horse latitudes (subtropical high),
where the cool air descends , two belts
of dry climate encircle the globe.
• The descending air warms and can
therefore hold more moisture.
• The dry air draws water from the
surface, causing arid conditions.

29. According to the Köppen classification, the earth can be
divided into several major climatic zones and bands:
 Tropical climate
 Subtropical
climate
 Arid climate
 Equatorial
climate
 Semiarid climate
 Mediterranean
 Tropical climate
 Subtropical
climate
 Arid climate
 Equatorial
climate
 Semiarid climate
 Mediterranean
Temperate climate
Oceanic climate
Continental climate
Subarctic climate
Polar climate
Climate of
Antarctica
Temperate climate
Oceanic climate
Continental climate
Subarctic climate
Polar climate
Climate of
Antarctica

30. Tropical ClimateTropical Climate

31. SubtropicalClimateSubtropicalClimate

32. Arid ClimateArid Climate

33. Equitorial ClimateEquitorial Climate

34. Semiarid ClimateSemiarid Climate

35. Mediterranian ClimateMediterranian Climate

36. Temperate ClimateTemperate Climate

37. Oceanic ClimateOceanic Climate

38. Continental ClimateContinental Climate

39. Subarctic ClimateSubarctic Climate

40. Polar ClimatePolar Climate

41. Climate of AntarcticaClimate of Antarctica

42. 8. Most organisms live in microclimates.
 Environmental conditions will be quiet
different underground or on the surface,
beneath vegetation or on exposed soil, on
mountain slopes or on a ridge top.
Microclimate- the whole range of localized
climates.
-small scale patterns of climate resulting from
the influence of topography, urban forms,
water bodies, vegetation, etc.

44. • As each species responds to its changing
environment, its interactions with the physical
world and the organisms around it change
too.
• These impacts can include expansion of
species into new areas, intermingling of
formerly non-overlapping species, and even
species extinctions.
• Climate change is happening on a global scale,
but the ecological impacts are often local and
vary from place to place.

45. A relatively rapid increase in
temperature has been documented
during the past century, both at
Earth’s surface and in the oceans.
 If emission rates for greenhouse
gases (which trap heat inside Earth’s
atmosphere) continue on their
current track, models indicate that
the globe will be 4.3 to 11.5°F
warmer by 2100 than it was in 1990.

46. 1. Shift’s in Species’ Ranges
- the locations in which they can survive and
reproduce.
2. Shifts in Phenology
- the timing of biological activities that take
place seasonally.

47. THE END…