Faculty of Spatial Science Cross-Border Cooperation

Faculty of Spatial Science, Univerity of Groningen
March 12, 2015, Groningen, The Netherlands
Eduardo Oliveira (guest)
Martin Boisen (lecturer in charge of the course)

European Territorial Cooperation
 European Trans-national & cross-border cooperation
 INTERREG I to IV + INTERREG EUROPE (2014-2020)
 Spain-Portugal cooperation
 POCTEC Spain-Portugal (2014-2020)
 How does this cooperation reflect their:
 Planning systems, cross-border planning;
 Decision-making and financial capacity;
 Socio-spatial, spatial-economic impacts;

 Concrete examples of cross-border cooperation
 NORTE 2020 + Galicia 2020 + Euroregion 2020
 Joint Investment Programme Galicia-northern Portugal
2014-2020

SpainPortugal
 Republic  Monarchy
 The present
Constitution of
Portugal was
adopted in 1976
 The present
Constitution of
Spain was adopted
in 1978

Spain: 46 millionPortugal: 10 million

Spain: 23.4%Portugal: 13.3%NL: 7.2%

Spain: 55.2%
Portugal: 38.4%
NL: 9.8%

Group 2: comprises five EU Member States (PORTUGAL, Greece, Malta, SPAIN and
Slovenia), each with an intermediate level of minimum wages, ranging from EUR 500
to less than EUR 1 000 a month.
Portugal: € 505
Spain: €648

Spain: 28%Portugal: 25%NL: 15%

Spain: -1.2Portugal: -1.4NL: -0.8

The agreement on the Programme was formally adopted on 17
May 2011 at the Eurogroup/ECOFIN meeting in Brussels. The
Memorandum of Understanding and the Loan Agreement were
signed thereafter.
It covered the period 2011 to mid-2014 and included a joint
financing package of €78 billion, €26 billion of which provided by
the EU/EFSM, €26 billion by the EFSF and about €26 billion
provided by the IMF.
 structural reforms to boost potential growth, create jobs,
and improve competitiveness;
 a fiscal consolidation strategy;
 a financial sector strategy based on recapitalisation and
deleveraging, with efforts to safeguard the financial sector.

Peripherality and
Trans-frontier geography
Decline of traditional agricultural
and industrial activities
Effects of globalization and increasing competition
within and beyond the European Union
The financial and
economic crisis

With more regional coordination efforts,
territorial cooperation, collective strategies (…)?!!!
Territorial (cross-border) cooperation

Transnational/cross-border Infrastructure planning - ongoing

Transnational/cross-border tourism planning/development - ongoing

The political frontier between Portugal and
Spain dates from the end of the 13th
century
Transnational/cross-border water management - ongoing
Cross border
Spatial planning

In the 1950s some people in various border areas, start
looking at each other with more and more interest:
Why not cooperate?
Why not join forces to overcome similar issues?
The first initiatives of TERRITORIAL COOPERATION
appear, with the creation of the first euroregion - the
EUREGIO, in 1958 at the German-Dutch border.
Other trans-national agreements on cross-border
cooperation and organisations like the Association of
European Border Regions appear from the 1960s to the
1980s, essentially in western and northern Europe.

In the 1980s the need to support actions in the field of
cross-border was progressively acknowledged by
European institutions.
 To prepare the border areas for the opening of the SINGLE
MARKET IN 1992, with an eye on economic and social
cohesion (…) After the adoption of a first series of 14 pilot
CROSS-BORDER ACTIONS IN 1989, the European Community
launched in 1990 a dedicated initiative - INTERREG.

EU or (add Member state here) 2020

INTERREG
Europe
European Territorial
Cooperation

• EUROPEAN TERRITORIAL COOPERATION (ETC)
• Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA)
• European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI)
1) EUROPEAN TERRITORIAL COOPERATION
• CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION: helps transform regions located on either
side of internal or external borders of the European Union into strong
economic and social poles.
• Transnational Cooperation: promotes cooperation among greater
European regions (e.g. Baltic Sea Region, North Sea, Mediterranean
and Atlantic Area) or mountain ranges (e.g. Alpine Space).
• Interregional Cooperation: framework for the exchange of
experiences between local/regional actors across Europe in order to
contribute to EU’s strategies - growth, jobs and sustainable
development.

CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION
CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION
European Cross-Border cooperation aims to tackle common challenges
identified jointly in the border regions and to exploit the untapped growth
potential in border areas, while enhancing the cooperation process for the
purposes of the overall harmonious development of the Union.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
There are 60 cooperation programmes for the period 2007-2013 with an allocation of
EUR 6 billion (60% of which have been spent already), are involved in a wide variety of
activities linked to the maturity of border cooperation.
WHAT DO CBC PROGRAMMES FINANCE?
 innovation,
 health care
 education
 employment
 labour mobility

What do cbc programmes finance?

This investment should ensure maximum impact
and even more effective use of the investments
Projects:
http://www.territorialcooperation.eu/
Multiple generations of

Cross-border cooperation programmes 2007-2013

At the start of THE 2014-2020 PROGRAMMING PERIOD EUROPE
FACES SEVERAL CHALLENGES that strongly impact on a wide
range of policy fields at EU, NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL
LEVEL.
 The main challenge is the capacity of the European economy
to grow, innovate and generate jobs on the way out of the
crisis still affecting parts of Europe at the start of programme
period.
 Europe needs to respond to demographic change and climate
change and turn around its resource dependency.
286 regions
A EUROPE OF REGIONS?

The EU REGIONAL DIVERSITY: regions have vastly different
characteristics, opportunities and needs, requires going beyond
‘ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL’ POLICIES.
 TAILOR-MADE: It calls for a
PLACE-BASED APPROACH that
gives regions the ability and
means to deliver policies that
meet their specific needs.
 CONTEXT SENSITIVE: At the
same time this diversity is an
asset allowing each place to
develop to its own strengths
while benefitting from other
regions through various forms of
interaction.
Is the EU strategy tailor-made
and sensitive to regional
contexts?

1980
European Outline Convention on Transfrontier
Co-operation between Territorial Communities or
Authorities
Article number 2:
Transfrontier co-operation shall mean any concerted action
designed to reinforce and foster neighbourly relations between
territorial communities or authorities within the jurisdiction of
two or more Contracting Parties and the conclusion of any
agreement and arrangement necessary for this purpose.
Transfrontier co-operation shall take place in the framework of
territorial communities' or authorities'
Madrid Convention

• Develop the principles of the EUROPEAN OUTLINE CONVENTION ON CROSS-
BORDER COOPERATION BETWEEN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OR AUTHORITIES
OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE (Madrid,1980);
• Define legal instruments for cooperation the so called COOPERATION PROTOCOLS:
• to promote studies;
• plans and programs;
• infrastructures projects of public interest (…)
Valencia Treaty, 2002
(the legal framework)
1991: Creation of the
Spanish-Portuguese
working community
1990: INTERREG I
Community Initiative

• Define the cooperation bodies, with or without legal
personality:
• Working Communities
• Working community Galicia-northern Portugal
• Working groups
• With legal personality:
• Associations governed by public law
• Consortium according to Spanish law
Creation of the Spanish-Portuguese Committee on Cross-border Cooperation
Creation of the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation
European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation Galicia-northern Portugal
2006
2010
2002

European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation in the Iberian Peninsula

• Agreement between PT and SP concerning Cross-
border cooperation in Health issues (March 2010)
• Agreement between PT and SP concerning civil and
commercial registration (October 2010)
• 2009: Creation of a working group in charge of the
study of cross-border context costs covering the legal
gap/adaptation needs in some strategic topics like:
• telecommunication cell calls (roaming)
• health care services
• emergency assistance services
• local transport services
• labour force mobility

INTERREG V-A
Spain-Portugal
2014-2020
INTERREG I: The Community Initiative INTERREG I 1990-1993
INTERREG II: The Community Initiative INTERREG II 1994-1999
INTERREG III: The Community Initiative INTERREG III 2000-2006
INTERREG IV: The Community Initiative INTERREG IV 2007-2013

OBJECTIVES
• Development of and support
for small and medium-sized
firms
• Tourism and agro-tourism
• Provision of local water, gas
and electricity supplies and
local telecommunications
• Rural development
• Pollution prevention and
control
• Improved transport and
other communication
systems
• Training and employment
measures

OBJECTIVES
• Promote a harmonious and balanced
development of the territory of the
European Union, along the
objectives and policy options of the
European Spatial Development
Perspective; ƒ
• Foster transnational co-operation
within a common framework in the
field of spatial planning by the
member states, regions and other
authorities and actors; ƒ
• Contribute to improve the impact of
Community policies on spatial
development and ƒhelp Member
States and their regions to co-
operate on a pro-active approach to
common problems (e.g. water
resources management caused by
floods and drought).

OBJECTIVES
• Promote an integrated REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT between neighbouring
border regions including external and
maritime borders;
• contribute to the harmonious territorial
development and integration of the
Community territory;
• improve the effectiveness of policies and
instruments for regional development and
cohesion by structured and large-scale
information exchanges and a sharing of
experience.
• The programme ESPON (European Spatial
Planning Observation Network) focussed
on the observation and analysis of
territorial and regional development
trends in Europe and spatial planning
research of relevance to the EU territory.
• The programme INTERACT (INTERreg -
Animation, Co-ordination, Transfer) was
established as a co-operative tool for
providing assistance to EU-funded
territorial cooperation.

INTERREG IVC - provides funding for interregional cooperation across
Europe. It is implemented under the European Community’s territorial
co-operation objective and financed through the European Regional
Development Fund (ERDF).
THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE
• improve the effectiveness of regional policies and instruments. A project
builds on the exchange of experiences among partners who are ideally
responsible for the development of their local and regional policies.
THE AREAS OF SUPPORT
• Innovation
• knowledge economy;
• environment
• risk prevention.
Thus, the programme aims to contribute to the economic modernisation and
competitiveness of Europe. INTERREG IVc is linked to the objectives of Lisbon
and Gothenburg agendas.
PRIORITIES (…)

PRIORITY 1: INNOVATION AND THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
(Lisbon agenda)
• enabling regional and local authorities, and other stakeholders
at the regional level, to improve their policies, methods and
capacities in the field of innovation and the knowledge
economy, through the exchange and transfer of knowledge
and experience between regions throughout the European
Union, and the development of new policies and approaches.
PRIORITY 2: ENVIRONMENT AND THE RISK PREVENTION
(Gothenburg agenda)
• empower the public authorities and other stakeholders to
improve their policies and develop new approaches to
improve the quality of environment and to increase the
attractiveness of the regions in Europe by means of
exchanging knowledge and experience between regions.

Transnational
cooperation
Cross-border
cooperation

PRIORITIES:
 Cooperation and joint management for the improvement of
competitiveness and the promotion of employment;
 Cooperation and joint management in environment, cultural
heritage and risk prevention;
 Cooperation and joint management in spatial planning and
accessibility;
 Cooperation and joint management for socioeconomic and
institutional integration;
 Technical assistance for the process of crossborder
cooperation

Projects presented
Spain: 1624
Portugal: 582

http://www.poctep.eu/
• STRENGTHENING COOPERATION AND CROSS-
BORDER MOBILITY
• Proposals of common methodologies for
certification of professional development
such as Engineer
• Sustainable promotion of the Natura 2000 network – example of river Minho
Valley.
• Tourism development projects – Elvas – Badajoz with a Smart system to support
cross-border tourism
• River Guadiana – a waterway
Within the 5 PrioritiesStructural change?
• Observation System Interreg RADAR for environmental
protection

The International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory is the
first, and so far the only, fully international research
organisation in Europe in the field of nanoscience and
nanotechnology. INL is the result of a joint decision of the
Governments of Portugal and Spain (€30 million)
INL project co-financed by Cross-border Cooperation
Programme Spain Portugal 2007-2013

Multipolar Centre for Marine Resources Valorisation

Structuring
Project for
the
Development
of the
Great Alqueva
area
Water
management

Cross-border
Water
management
Spain
Portugal

Weak cross-border railway system…while Spain…

Promote innovation and competitiveness of SME’s from the
Euro-region
Environment protection and urban sustainable development
(Gerês/Xurés; Minho/Miño)
Transportation and cross-border accessibilities (High speed train
connection Porto-Vigo; intermodality of existing transport
networks; articulation between logistic platforms)
Cooperation in maritime issues (Maritime Observatory; quality
of maritime environment; biotechnology and new products, etc.)
Cooperation and Integration at Social and Institutional
levels (Euro-city Chaves / Verín, Uniminho)

70 non-structural“3 Structural projects”
Priority: COOPERATION IN MARITIME ISSUES

Let’s cooperate
Is there any funding?
Yes No
Projects
Strategic priorities

• Strengthening research, technological development
and innovation
• Enhancing access to and use and quality of ICT
• Enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs
• Supporting the shift towards a low-carbon economy
in all sectors
• Promoting climate change adaptation, risk
prevention and management
The content of the future INTERREG programme will be based on the
eleven funding priorities mentioned in the EU regulation concerning the
European Regional Development Fund that aim to promote intelligent,
sustainable and integrated growth (EU 2020 strategy) and to connect
economic, environmental and social issues:

• Protecting the environment and promoting resource
efficiency
• Promoting sustainable transport and removing
bottlenecks in key network infrastructures
• Promoting employment and supporting labour
mobility
• Promoting social inclusion and combating poverty
• Investing in education, skills and lifelong learning by
developing education and training infrastructure
• Enhancing institutional capacity and an efficient
public administration

Tangible-to-intangible
2007-2013
Intangible
2014-2020

Priorities:
Smart growth – making the Spanish - Portuguese border region
area a region of knowledge and innovation that is competitive
internationally.
Sustainable growth – promoting climate change adaptation, risk
prevention and resource efficiency.
Territorial Cohesion - promoting cross border cooperation
between administrations and citizens

Expected results
• Strengthen the cross-border use of RESEARCH
INFRASTRUCTURES: + 402 researchers.
• Surface area of Habitats supported to attain a better
CONSERVATION STATUS: 200,000 Hectares in Spanish -
Portuguese border region.
• Increase the share of RENEWABLE ENERGY consumption in
the Spanish - Portuguese border region
• Increase the number of SMEs conducting cross-border
activities: + 2580 enterprises.
• Improve the quality of cross-border services of
administrations and institutions in the Spanish - Portuguese
border region. 7,459,022 citizens are concerned by future
concrete projects on the ground.

Facilitate and promote
territorial cooperation
First EU cooperation structure
with a legal personality
Strengthening the economic and social cohesion (EU)

 The EGTC Regulation (EC) No 1082/2006 was published in the Official Journal of
the European Communities on 31 July 2006.
 On 17 December 2013 in the The Official Journal of the EU the Revised EGTC
Regulation (EU) No 1302/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of
17 December 2013 amending Regulation (EC) No 1082/2006 on a European
grouping of territorial cooperation (EGTC).
 This EGTC is an agent and promoter of interconnection for the Euroregion. It has
been created as a legally established meeting point for institutions, businesses
and citizens on both sides of the border to develop joint projects and programs.
 In 2012, the budget of the EGTC Galicia-Norte de Portugal was EUR 271.410 .
 The EGTC participated at the CBC Program Spain-Portugal, 2014-2020.

Regulation (European Council) no. 1302/2013,
17 December.
Regulation (EU) No 1302/2013 of the
European Parliament

Facilitating cross border relationship (e.g. governance; decision-making).
Adding value to the euroregional entrepreneur base, by promoting competition
through knowledge and innovation (e.g. universities; R & D).
Increasing euroregional social and institutional cohesion (e.g. human capital).
Developing transport and access to basic transport systems (e.g. road/rail/air).
Cross-border Cooperation
Knowledge-Innovation
Infrastructure
Regional Cohesion
Territorial cooperation Fostering regional competitiveness

Facilitation and coordination of the regions with public entities which take
their liability portfolios, defined in terms of central governance.
Clarification of the cross-border human resources mobility.
Center in EGTC’s financial responsibility for the management of cross
border cooperation and territorial projects
Explore the possibility of participation of private entities in cooperation
with the EGTC.
Governance
Employment Tax Health
Institutional responsibility
Decentralisation
Partnerships
EGTC – GNP: Main Propositions
Rights

EGTC – GNP: Operability
Industry Universities R & D Tourism
Creativity Knowledge Techn. Sea
Key regional sectors towards cross-border branding

It is a cultural, scientific and educational cooperation program
that will develop a system for the exchange of professors,
researchers and administrative staff among the academic
centers of the Euroregion Galicia – Norte Portugal.
The GNP-EGTC has also between its future priorities, the
cooperation with business clusters and the main economic areas
of Galicia and North Portugal, as well as the support for the
innovation and to those activities able to generate a higher added
value and a competitive improvement for the Euroregion.
IACOBUS program.
Cooperation with business clusters

For a Smart Growth in Euroregion Galicia - Norte
Portugal : The transfer of knowledge (I + D + i )
from universities to productive under the
Europe 2020 Strategy
The European Grouping of Territorial
Cooperation Galicia -Norte Portugal (GNP-
EGTC) co-organized with the Foundation CEER,
the Reflection Journey on the theme "For a
Smart Growth in Euroregion Galicia - Norte
Portugal : The transfer of knowledge (I + D + i )
from universities to productive under the
Europe 2020 Strategy"
Smart growth

International Conference on Tourism - The Euroregion Galicia - Norte Portugal,
which synergies, what future?
On last July 12 at the premises of Porto Calem at Vila Nova de
Gaia, held the "International Conference on Tourism –
The Euroregion Galicia-Norte Portugal: Which synergies, what
future?", organized by the:
 European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation Galicia - Norte
Portugal (GNP-EGTC) in collaboration with the Institute of
Administration and Management (ISAG), the Tourism Agency
of Galicia and the Regional Entity of Tourism Oporto and
North Portugal (TPNP, ER)
Cross-border tourism

1st JOB DAY of the Euroregion Galicia-North of Portugal - Metallurgy
 Last 1st of July, the Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion
JOB DAY – Metallurgy, took place in Tui. This event was
organized by the GNP-EGTC, in collaboration with
EURES-T, AIMMAP, ASIME, FELUGA and the Eurocity Tui-
Valença.
 The aims of this event were fostering job creation and
cross border cooperation, also between companies.
Employment

Launched at the end of 2012, the Norte 2020 initiative, developed in the framework
of EU’s Europe 2020 growth strategy, is to help prepare the new programming cycle
2014-2020. A regional action plan is being designed, which will establish Norte’s
strategic priorities and respective policy instruments and investments.
THE PLAN WILL ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING KEY TOPICS:
Smart growth: economic structure, innovation, smart specialisation and
internationalisation.
Sustainable growth: environment, energy and sustainability; territory, cities and rural
areas; and transport infrastructure and logistics.
Inclusive growth: education and training; employment; and social and territorial
inclusion.

Infrastructures
Environment
Tourism
Industrial areas
2025

Eduardo Oliveira
e.h.da.silva.oliveira@rug.nl
Thank you
(references upon request via email)
http://www.rug.nl/staff/e.h.da.silva.oliveira/

Faculty of Spatial Science Cross-Border Cooperation

Faculty of Spatial Science Cross-Border Cooperation

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