1. Password Management and 2
Factor Authentication
Because post-its on your desk aren’t
enough

2. Passwords vs Passphrase

3. Go to a website to check it out
• http://rumkin.com/tools/password/passchk.p
hp

4. More than just entropy
• Entropy
– 25-GPU cluster cracks every standard Windows password in
<6 hours
• http://arstechnica.com/security/2012/12/25-gpu-
cluster-cracks-every-standard-windows-password-in-
6-hours/
• Not Entropy (Rainbow Tables)
– The multi-platform password cracker Ophcrack is incredibly
fast. How fast? It can crack the password "Fgpyyih804423" in
160 seconds.
– http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2007/09/rainbow-hash-
cracking.html

5. But, you need a separate one for every
website so …
• You could try an algorithm
– Here is one example:
The first digit is the number of characters on the name of the
website.
The second digit is “c” is the number in the first step was odd, and
“t” if it was even.
The third digit is the last letter of the name of the website.
The fourth digit is “$” if the letter in the previous step was a
vowel, and “%” if it was a consonant.
The last three digits are the first three letters of the name of the
website.
Using the algorithm above, your password on Twitter would be
“7cr%twi” and on Facebook it would be “8tk%fac”.
http://www.dailyblogtips.com/develop-an-algorithm-for-your-
online-passwords-and-never-forget-one-again/

6. Sane Answer: Password Managers
• Keepass http://keepass.info/
• LastPass https://lastpass.com/
• Either better than letting your browser
remember it.
– Encrypted
– Usable across platforms

7. When They Fail
• Password Managers are not perfect
• Learn to use them
• Have a backup plan

8. 2 Factor Authentication
– Two-factor authentication is often confused with
other forms of authentication. Two-factor
authentication requires the use of two of the three
authentication factors. The factors are identified in
the standards and regulations for access to U.S.
Federal Government systems. These factors are:
• Something the user knows (e.g., password, PIN, pattern);
• Something the user has (e.g., ATM card, smart card); and
• Something the user is (e.g., biometric characteristic, such as
a fingerprint).

9. Examples
• You use it already
– Conference Room
• Online version
– Google best example
– https://support.google.com/accounts/bin/answer.
py?hl=en&answer=180744

10. Why use it
• Gives you better protection against online
identity theft.
• It’s easy.
• May someday be required.

11. The Future
• Physical Tokens
– How it works
– With a simple touch of the gold disc, the YubiKey
sends a One Time Password (OTP) as if it was
typed in from a keyboard. The unique passcode is
verified by a YubiKey compliant application.

12. It’s small

13. Resources
– http://lifehacker.com/184773/geek-to-live--
choose-and-remember-great-passwords
– http://lifehacker.com/5505400/how-id-hack-your-
weak-passwords
– http://lifehacker.com/5944969/which-password-
manager-is-the-most-secure
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-
factor_authentication