This document discusses evidence-based treatment recommendations for uremic bleeding. It describes the complex pathophysiology of uremic bleeding, involving dysfunctional platelet function and coagulation factors due to uraemia and uremic toxins. Key recommended treatments include erythropoietin to increase red blood cell count and displace platelets closer to blood vessels, cryoprecipitate/desmopressin to increase functional clotting factors, and estrogens to decrease nitric oxide levels and increase platelet activators like thromboxane A2 and ADP. The treatment aims to address various aspects of the complex mechanisms underlying uremic bleeding.

1. Evidence-based treatment recommendations for uremic bleeding

2. Normal hemostatic mechanisms