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Cultivation of Tropical, Subtropical,
Vegetables, Spices, Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants
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Introduction
Plant spices grown in tropical countries on small scale family
farms of commercial farms, to provide foods for human or
live stock, in dry or humid regions are highly abundant and
taxonomically diversified. Vegetables comprise of a large
number of plants, mostly annual, of which different parts like
leaf, steam, flowers, fruit, root etc. are eaten. They are rich in
nutrients and are essential items of a balanced diet.
Vegetables are called protective food as their consumption can
prevent several diseases. Many vegetables are important
items of commerce and thus can play a major role in the
economic development. Generally classification of
horticulture plants are based on nature of growth climatic
requirement continuation of growth
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types of fruit parts used botanical relationship, salinity
tolerance, ripening behaviour , botanical relationship,
hardness or temperature tolerance, cool season vegtables,
warm season vegetables, parts used as food, methods of
raising, etc. Medicinal and aromatic plants are important for
human health. These plants have been used from the
prehistoric times to present day. These plants based medicines
are consumed in all civilizations. It is believed that the herbal
medicine can give good effect to body without causing side
effects to human life. Besides, the usage of medical plants has
been increasing as an important role that can support the
economic system. The medical and aromatic plants for health
are used as herbal treatments and therapies that can be new
habits for culture.
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Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a large segment of
the flora, which provide raw materials for use by various
industries. They have been used in the country for a long time
for their medicinal properties. The decision to cultivate
medicinal herbs should only be made in response to demand
for particular herbs. The market is very competitive and could
easily be oversupplied.
This book majorly deals with classification of horticultural
plants, classification of flowers, classification of spices, soil and
climatic requirements of horticultural plants, beet root, bottle
gourd, harvesting and post harvest management, poly house
vegetable production in temperate regions, vegetables growing
in containers, tea, performance of plants from cutting,
vegetative propagation, rubber
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Biofertilizers in vegetable cultivation, postharvest
management of tropical tuber crops, etc.
This is an informative resource of the cultivation,
irrigation, manuring, fertilization, harvesting and post
harvest management of tropical, subtropical, vegetables,
spices, medicinal and aromatic plants. This book is useful
for entrepreneurs, ayurvedic institutes, libraries and
consultants.
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Table of Contents
VEGETABLE CROPS
1. CLASSIFICATION OF HORTICULTURAL PLANTS
 Plant Kingdom
 Classification of Fruits
 Based on Nature of Growth
 Based on Climatic Requirement
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 Based on Continuation of Growth
 Based on Types of Fruit
 Based on Parts Used
 Based on Botanical Relationship
 Based on Salinity Tolerance
 Based on Ripening Behaviour
 Based on Ethylene Evolution
 Based on Bearing Behaviour
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 Classification of Vegetables
 Based on Botanical Relationship
 Based on Hardness or Temperature Tolerance
 Cool Season Vegetables
 Warm Season Vegetables
 Based on Tolerance to Soil Acidity
 Based on Tolerance to Salt
 Based on Parts Used as Food
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 Based on Methods of Raising
 Based on Forcing
 Based on Rate of Respiration
 Classification of Flowers
 Based on Season of Growing
 Based on Colour of Flower
 Based on Purpose of Growing
 Based on Nature of Growth
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 Based on Mode of Propagation
 Based on Growth Behaviour
 Classification of Spices
 Based on Completion of Life Cycle
 Based on Growth Behaviour
 Based on Importance
 Based on Part Used
 Based on Utility
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 Based on Cultural Management
 Based on Botanical Relationship
 Classification of Plantatoin Crops
 Based on Botanical Relationship
 Based on Growth Behaviour
 Based on Utility
 Based on Extent of Growing
 Based on Intensity of Cultivation
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2. SOIL AND CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS OF
HORTICULTURAL PLANTS
 Soil
 Alluvial Soils
 Tarai Soils
 Arid Soils
 Black Soils
 Red Soils
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 Laterite Soils
 Marshy Soils
 Climate
 Temperate Climate
 Tropical Climate
 Sub-Tropical Climate
 Different Types of Horticulturally Potential Zones of the
Country
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 Temperate Zone
 North-Western Sub-Tropical Zone
 North-Eastern Sub-Tropical Zone
 Central Tropical Zone
 Southern Tropical Zone
 Coastal/Tropical Zone
 Influence of Climatic Factors
 On the Growth of Plants
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 Temperature
 Humidity
 Wind
 Rainfall
 Solar Radiation
3. VARIETAL WEALTH OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS
 Fruits
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 Vegetables
 Flowers
 Plantation Crops
 Seed Spices
4. AGATHI Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Manuring and Fertilization
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 Aftercare
 Yield
5. AMARANTH Climte and Soil
 Varieties
 Badi Chaulai
 Chhoti Chaulai
 Pusa Kiran
 Pusa Lal Chaulai
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 Pusa Kirti
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Irrigation
 Interculture
 Seed Production
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
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6. ASH GOURD
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Apau Shakthi
 Cultivation
 Irrigation
 Crop Regulation
 Manuring and Fertilization
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 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
7. BEET ROOT
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Detroit Dark Red
 Crimson Globe
 Propagation and Rootstock
 Cultivation
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 Planting
 Training and Pruning
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
 Physiological Disorders
8. BITTER GOURD
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 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Irrigation
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Intercultural Operations
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
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9. BOTTLE GOURD
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Arka Bahar
 Kalyanpur Hari Lambi
 Punjab Komal
 Punjab Long
 Punjab Round
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 Pusa Manjari
 Pusa Meghdut
 Pusa Naveen
 Pusa Summer Prolific Long
 Pusa Summer Prolific Round
 Rajendera Chamatkar
 Cultivation
 Field Preparation
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 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Training
 Interculture
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
10. BRINJAL
 Climate and Soil
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 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Interculture
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
11. BROCCOLI
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 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Palam Samridhi
 Cultivation
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Irrigation
 Interculture
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
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 Physiological Disorders
12. BRUSSELS SPROUT
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Jade Cross
 Hilds Ideal
 Rubine
 Cultivation
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 Manuring and Fertilization
 Irrigation
 Interculture
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
13. CABBAGE
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Copenhagen Market
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 Drumhead Savoy
 Golden Acre
 Pride of India
 Pusa Drumhead
 Pusa Mukta
 Red Cabbage
 September
 Cultivation
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 Planting
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Interculture
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
14. CAPSICUM
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
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 Sowing
 Planting
 Training and Pruning
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
15. CARROT
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 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Tropical or Asiatic Types
 Temperate or European Types
 Cultivation
 Land Preparation
 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
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 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
 Physiological Disorders
16. CAULIFLOWER
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
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 Raising of Nursery
 Transplanting
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
 Physiological Disorders
 Riceyness
 Fuzziness
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 Leafy Curds
 Blindness
 Buttoning
 Chlorosis
 Hollow Stem
 Browning (brown-rot or red-rot)
 Whiptail
17. CELERY
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 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Fork Hook Emperor
 Standard Beared
 Wright Grove Giant
 Cultivation
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Irrigation
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 Interculture
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
18. CHILLI
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Raising Seedlings
 Manuring and Fertilization
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 Irrigation and Interculture
 Weed Control
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
19. COWPEA
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Arka Garima
 Pusa Barsati
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 Pusa Dofasali
 Pusa Komal
 Pusa Phalguni
 Pusa Rituraj
 Philippines Early
 Yard Long Bean
 Cultivation
 Sowing
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 Manuring and Fertilization
 Irrigation
 Aftercare
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
20. CUCUMBER
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Himangi
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 Japanese Long Green
 Poinsett
 Poona Khira
 Pusa Sanyog
 Sheetal
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
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21. CURRY LEAF
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Propagation
 Planting
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
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 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
22. DRUMSTICK
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Chavakacheri Muringai
 Chemmurungai
 Jaffna Type
 Kattumurungai
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 Kodikalmurungai
 Palmurungai
 Punamurungai
 Yazphanam Muringa
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Crop Production
 Manuring and Fertilization
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 Aftercare
 Weeding
 Intercropping
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
23. FRENCH BEAN
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Arka Komal
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 Bountiful
 Contender
 Jampa
 Kentucky Wonder
 Lakshmi
 Pant Anupma
 Premier
 Pusa Parvati
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 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
 Physiological Disorders
24. GARLIC
 Climate and Soil
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 Varieties
 Propagation and Planting Material
 Cultivation
 Planting
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
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 Physiological Disorders
25. KALE
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Irrigation
 Interculture
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 Interculture
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
26. KNOL-KHOL
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 King of North
 Large Green
 Purple Vienna
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 White Vienna
 Cultivation
 Planting
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
27. LABLAB BEAN
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 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Pusa Early Prolific
 Cultivation
 Field Preparation
 Aftercare
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
28. LETTUCE
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 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Propagation
 Planting
 Manuring
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
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29. MUSKMELON
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Arka Jeet
 Arka Rajhans
 Durgapura Madhu
 Hara Madhu
 Hisar Madhur
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 Hisar Saras
 Punjab Hybrid
 Pusa Madhuras
 Pusa Rasraj
 Punjab Rasila
 Pusa Sharbati
 Punjab Sunehri
 Cultivation
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 Sowing
 Land Preparation
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Hoeing and Weeding
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
30. OKRA
 Climate and Soil
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 Varieties
 Arka Abhay
 Arka Anamika
 Azad Kranti
 Harbhajan Bhindi
 Hisar Unnat
 Parbhani Kranti
 Perkins Long Green
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 Punjab Padmini
 Pusa Makhmali
 Pusa Sawani
 Red Bhindi
 Varsha Uphar
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Training and Pruning
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 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
31. ONION
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
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 Planting
 Transplanting
 Planting by Bulbs
 Direct Sowing
 Planting by Sets
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Cultural Operations
 Irrigation
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 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
32. PALAK OR INDIAN SPINACH
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Planting
 Manuring
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 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
33. PARSLEY
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Manuring and Fertilization
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 Irrigation
 Interculture
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
34. PEA
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Arkel
 Bonneville
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 Harbhajan
 Lincoln
 Cultivation
 Planting
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
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35. POINTED GOURD
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 CHES Elite Line
 Chhota Hilli
 Dandali
 Hilli
 Shankolia
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 Swarna Alaukik
 Swarna Rekha
 Propagation
 Cultivation
 Planting
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Training
 Interculture
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 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
36. PUMPKIN
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Ambili
 Arka Chandan
 Pusa Vikas
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 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Land Preparation
 Interculture
 Irrigation
 Off-season Cultivation
 Seed Production
 Hybrid Seed Production
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 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
37. RADISH
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Asiatic or Tropical
 Arka Nishant
 Japanese White
 Jaunpuri Giant or Newari
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 Kalyani White
 Nadauni
 Punjab Safed
 Pusa Chetki
 Pusa Desi
 Pusa Himani
 Pusa Reshmi
 European or Temperate Varieties
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 Chinese Pink
 Rapid Red White Tipped
 Scarlet Globe
 White Icicle
 Cultivation
 Preparation of Land
 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
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 Interculture
 Irrigation
 Growth Regulators
 Seed Production
 Postharvest Management
 Physiological Disorders
38. RIDGE GOURD
 Climate and Soil
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 Varieties
 Pusa Nasdar
 Satputia
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Interculture
39. ROUND MELON
 Climate and Soil
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 Varieties
 Arka Tinda
 Tinda Ludhiana
 Tinda Tonk
 Tamil Nadu Selection
 Cultivation
 Planting
 Manuring and Fertilization
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 Interculture
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
40. SNAKE GOURD
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Sowing
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 Interculture
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
41. SPINACH
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Propagation
 Planting
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 Manuring
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
42. SPONGE GOURD
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
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 Sowing
 Interculture
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
43. TOMATO
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Raising seedlings
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 Direct Seeding
 Planting
 Training and Pruning
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Seed Production
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
 Physiological Disorders
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44. TURNIP
 Climage and Soil
 Varieties
 Early Milan Red Top
 Golden Ball
 Purple Top White Globe
 Pusa Chandrima
 Pusa Kanchan
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 Pusa Swarnima
 Pusa Sweti
 Snow Ball
 Cultivation
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Irrigation
 Interculture
 Seed Production
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 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
 Physiological Disorder
45. WATERMELON
 Climage and Soil
 Varieties
 Arka Jyoti
 Arka Manik
 Asahi Yamato
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 Durgapura Kesar
 Durgapura Meetha
 Improved Shipper
 New Hampshire Midget
 Pusa Bedana
 Sugar Baby
 Cultivation
 Pruning and Training
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 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Forcing Watermelons out of Season
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
46. POLYHOUSE VEGETABLE
PRODUCTION IN SUBTROPICS
 Selection of Sites
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 Polyhouse Structures
 Frames and Cladding Material
 Environment Control
 Selection of Vegetables
 Nursery Raising
 Off-season Vegetables Production
 Aftercare
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47. POLYHOUSE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN
TEMPERATE REGIONS
 Polyhouses
 Benefits
 Status
 Indian Polyhouses
 Plastic Low Tunnels
 Soil Trench
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 Site Selection
 Polyhouse Structure
 Vegetable Production
 Nursery Raising
 Vegetable Production
 Seed Production
 Hydroponics and Micropropagated Vegetables
 Polyhouse Pests and Diseases
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 Some Problems
 Prospects in India
48. VEGETABLES GROWING IN CONTAINERS
 Types of Containers
 Tools, Manures, Seeds, Fungicides and Insecticides
 Suitable Vegetables and their Varieties
 Cultivation
 Sowing/planting
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 Aftercare
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
 PROPAGATION OF PLANTATI ON CROPS
49. TEA
 Seed Propagation
 Storage
 Germination
 Seed-Size
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 Seed-Coat
 Treatment with Growth Substance
 Treatment with Fungicides
 Temperature
 Biochemical Changes during Germination
 Seedling Growth
 Seed Size
 Effect of Insecticides
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 Irradiation
 Vegetative Propagation
 Cutting
 Type of Cutting
 Etiolation and Girdling
 Media
 Season
 Clonal Variations
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 Effect of Growth Substances
 Stock Plant
 Oxygen
 Fungicide and Nematicide
 Type of Cutting and Growth Substances
 Type of Cutting and Media
 Type of Cutting and Season
 Type of Cutting, Media and Temperature
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 Type of Cutting, Season and Growth Substances
 Type of Cutting, Media and Growth Substance
 Type of Cutting and Treatment with Nutrients
 Growth Substance, Media and Temperature
 Type of Cutting, Light, Humidity, Media and Growth
 Substance
 Storage of Cutting
 Other Treatments
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 Root Cutting
 Performance of Plants from Cutting
 Layering
 Grafting
 Methods
 Budding
 Rootstock
 Effect on Growth and Yield
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 Micropropagation
50. CACAO
 Seed Propagation
 Storage and Viability
 Germination
 Stage of Harvest
 Depth of Sowing
 Air Drying
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 Size of Pod
 Position of Seed in Pod
 Temperature
 Media
 Sugar
 Endogenous Substances
 Seedling Survival and Growth
 Stage of Harvest of Seeds
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Container and Media
 Effect of Growth Substance and Antitranspirant
 Hybrids
 Age of Seedling at Transplanting
 Vegetative Propagation
 Cutting
 Stock Plant
 Type of Cutting
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Media
 Humidity
 Light
 Effect of Growth Substances
 Type of Shoot and Growth Substances
 Etiolation
 Growth Substance and Fungicides
 Type of Cutting and Growth Substance
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Media and Light
 Media and Growth Substance
 Type of cutting and Humidity
 Type of Cutting, Media and Humidity
 Type of Cutting, Growth Substance and Media
 Type of Cutting, Media, Humidity and Temperature
 Type of Cutting, Media, Light and Growth Substances
 Humidity, Temperature, Growth Substance and Light
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Clonal Variation
 Hardening of Cutting
 Layering
 Grafting
 Budding
 Methods
 Preparation of Budwood
 Top Working
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Rootstock
 Effect on Growth and Yield
 Incompatibility
 Effect of Different Methods of Propagation
 Micropropagation
51. COFFEE
 Seed Propagation
 Viability
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Germination
 Collection of Seed
 Moisture Content of Seed
 Effect of Cover
 Media
 Seed Treatment
 Seedling Growth
 Depth of Sowing
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Container
 Media
 Growth Substances, Fungicides and Nutrition
 Vegetative Propagation
 Root Sucker
 Cutting
 Type of Cutting
 Time of Taking Cutting
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Media
 Humidity
 Temperature
 Effect of Growth Substances
 Type of Cutting and Growth Substances
 Type of Cutting, Media and Temperature
 Type of Cutting, Media and Growth Substances
 Growth Substances and Media
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Media, Temperature and Humidity
 Root Cutting
 Leaf Cutting
 Layering
 Stooling
 Grafting
 Methods
 Type of Scion
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Season
 Effect of Leaves
 Growth of Grafted Plants
 Top Working
 Budding
 Storage of Budwood
 Rootstock
 Compatibility
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Growth and Adaptibility to Environment
 Nematode, Disease and Pest Resistdant Rootstock
 Micropropagation
52. RUBBER
 Seed Propagation
 Harvesting
 Viability
 Germination
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Seedling Growth
 Vegetative Propagation
 Cutting
 Type of Cutting
 Juvenility
 Ringing
 Effect of Light
 Effect of Growth Substances
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Effect of Fungicides
 Humidity and Temperature
 Type of Cutting and Growth Substances
 Grafting
 Methods
 Performance of Grafted and Budded Plants
 Budding
 Methods
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Selection of Budwood
 Age of Rootstock
 Budding Material
 Treatment
 Care of Budded Plants
 Performance of Budded Plants
 Top Working
 Rootstock
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Effect on Growth and Yield
 Resistant to Pests and Diseases
 Influence of Scion on Growth and Yield
 Micropropagation
53. OIL PALM
 Seed Propagation
 Storage and Viability
 Germination
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Effect of Media and Temperature
 Effect of Oxygen
 Effect of Irradiation
 Effect of Growth Substances
 Biochemical Changes
 Seedling Growth
 Storage of Clone
 Vegetative Propagation
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Micropropagation
54. ARECANUT
 Seed Propagation
 Selection of Seed Nuts and Viability
 Germination
 Raising of Seedling
 Selection of Seedlings
 Vegetative Propagation
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Layering
 SPICES
55. BETELVINE
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Propagation
 Cultivation
 Construction of Bareja or Boroj
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Raising of Support Plant in Open Cultivation
 Land Preparation
 Soil Treatment
 Planting
 Training/pruning
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
56. BLACK PEPPER
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Propagation
 Cultivation
 Planting
 Training/pruning
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
57. CARDAMOM (SMALL)
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Propagation
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Cultivation
 Planting
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
58. CARDAMOM (LARGE)
 Climate and Soil
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Varieties
 Bebo
 Bharlangey
 Golsey
 Ramla
 Ramsey
 Sawney
 Propagation
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Primary Nursery
 Secondary Nursery
 Cultivation
 Planting
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Shade Regulation
 Roguing and Gap-filling
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
59. CINNAMON
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Propagation
 Cultivation
 Planting
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
60. CLOVE
 Climate and Soil
 Propagation
 Cultivation
 Planting
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Manuring and Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Postharvest Management
61. CORIANDER
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Sidhu
 Sadhna
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Swathi
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Weed Control
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
 Physiological Disorders
www.entrepreneurindia.co
62. CUMIN
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Weed Control
 Irrigation
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
62. FENNEL
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Weed control
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
 Physiological Disorder
64. FENUGREEK
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Rajendra Kanti
 Hissar Sonali
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Cultivation
 Sowing
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Weed Control
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
65. GINGER
 Climate and Soil
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Varieties
 Cultivation
 Planting
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Weeding and Mulching
 Rotation and Intercropping of Ginger
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
66. NUTMEG
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Varieties
 Propagation and Rootstock
 Cultivation
 Nursery
 Planting
 Aftercare
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
www.entrepreneurindia.co
67. TAMARIND
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Urigam
 Cultivation
 Propagation
 Planting
 Aftercare
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Harvesting and Postharvest Management
68. TURMERIC
 Climate and Soil
 Varieties
 Propagation
 Cultivation
 Manuring and Fertilization
 Aftercare
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Intercropping
 Irrigation
 Harvesting and Postharvest Technology
 MEDICINAL PLANTS
69. ASGAND
70. DILL
71. GUGGAL
www.entrepreneurindia.co
72. HENBANE
73. ISABGOL
74. KHASI KATERI
75. LIQUORICE
76. OPIUM POPPY
77. PERIWINKLE
78. PIPALI
www.entrepreneurindia.co
79. RAUVOLFIA
80. SENNA
AROMATIC PLANTS
81. AMBRETTE SEED OR MUSKDANA
82. CELERY
83. CHAMOMILE
84. DAVANA
www.entrepreneurindia.co
85. FRENCH JASMINE
86. INDIAN BASIL
87. JAVA CITRONELLA
88. KEWADA
89. LEMON GRASS
90. MINT
 Peppermint
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Spearmint
 Bergamot Mint
91. PALMAROSA OIL GRASS
92. PATCHOULI
93. ROSE GERANIUM
94. SCENTED ROSE
95. VETIVER
www.entrepreneurindia.co
96. BIOFERTILIZERS
 Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizers
 Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
 Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
 Azotobacter
 Phosphate Solubilizing Biofertilizers
 Mycorrhizal Fungi
 Actinorhizal Plants
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Biofertilizers in Vegetable Cultivation
 Seed Treatment
 Cutting/Set Treatment
 Seedling Treatment
97. MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES
 Disease Management
 Escape From Pathogen
 Preventing Entry of Inoculum
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Eradication
 Protection
 Reaction of Host Crop
 Prophylactic Measures (Therapeutics)
 Biological Control
 Chemical Control
98. POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT OF POTATO
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Harvesting
 Postharvest Management
 Drying, Curing and Grading
 Dormancy
 Postharvest Losses
 Physiological Losses
 Pathogenic Losses
 Refrigerated Storage
www.entrepreneurindia.co
99. POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT OF
TROPICAL TUBER CROPS
 Cassava
 Harvesting and Handling
 Storage
 Utilization
 Processing
 Toxic Principles
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Sweet Potato
 Harvesting and Handling
 Storage
 Utilization
 Processing
 Anti-nutritional Factors
 Elephant-Foot Yam
 Harvesting and Handling
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Storage
 Utilization
 Processing
 Anti-nutritional Factors
 Elephant-Foot Yam
 Harvesting and Handling
 Utilization
 Anti-nutritional Factors
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Taro
 Harvesting and Handling
 Storage
 Utilization
 Anti-Nutritional Factors
 Tannia
 Harvesting and Handling
 Storage
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Utilization
 Anti-Nutritional Factors
 Lesser Yam
 Harvesting and Handling
 Storage
 Utilization
 Greater Yam
 Harvesting and Handling
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Storage
 Utilization
 White Yam
 Harvestinig and Handling
 Storage
 Utilization
 Arrow-Root
 Harvesting and Handling
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Utilization
 Chinese Potato
 Harvesting and Handling
 Storage
 Utilization
 Yam Bean
 Harvesting and Handling
 Storage
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Utilization
 Winged Bean
 Harvesting and Handling
 Winged Bean
 Storage
 Utilization
www.entrepreneurindia.co
100. POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT OF
MUSHROOM
 Postharvest Technologies
 Handling Fresh Mushrooms
 Harvesting
 Pre-Cooling
 Sorting
 Dipping/Treatments
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Packaging
 Transportation
 Storage
 Processing
 Low Temperature
 High Temperature
 Drying
 Chemicals
www.entrepreneurindia.co
 Pickling and Lactic Acid Fermentation
 Irradiation
 Minimal Processing
 Other Products
 Future Thrust and Export
101. Tools and Equipments used in
Horticulture
Tags
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Growing tropical vegetables, growing vegetables in tropical
cilmates, plant that grow in tropical climates, tropical food
plants, vegetables for tropical and subtropical, vegetable
production in tropical, subtropical, production of aromatic
plants and medicinal, aromatic plants and medicinal, spices
grown in tropical, cultivation, utilization, and processing for
spices, medicinal, vegetables, aromatic plants, medicinal and
aromatic plants is generating in tropical, tropical subtropical
vegetables spices production, Seeds for Tropical Vegetables,
growing vegetables in hot climates, plants that grow in
tropical climates, What crops grow in tropical climates, Top
10 subtropical vegetables, vegetables in the tropics, selecting
suitable tropical crops, how to grow vegetables, useful tropical
plant list,
Tags
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Which vegetables are easiest to grow in a tropical climate?,
Growing unusual and subtropical fruit and vegetables, tropical
vegetables that anyone can grow, Growing Vegetables Gardening
Guide for Beginners, Tropical Planting and Gardening,
Cultivation Of Tropical Subtropical Vegetables Spices,
Collection of medicinal plants, 20 Most Profitable Medicinal
Growing With Small Investment, Sustainable cultivation and
harvesting of Medicinal plants, cultivation of medicinal plants in
India and government support, medicinal plant cultivation
business, most profitable medicinal plants in India, ayurvedic
medicinal plants farming, Cultivation of medicinal plants getting
popular, cultivation of medicinal plants for improving,
Cultivation and Marketing of Medicinal Plants
Tags
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, Suitability and profitability of medicinal and aromatic plants,
Agriculture becomes profitable, Medicinal Plants Cultivation &
Uses, Exploration and Characterization of Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants, aromatic plants cultivation processing,
aromatic plants farming, commercial cultivation of medicinal
plants, list of aromatic plants in India, organic tropical and
subtropical vegetables and spices production, Growing
Vegetables and in Hot Climates, Conservation and sustainable
use of medicinal plants, Cultivation of medicinal plants in
developing nations, Top 10 subtropical vegetables, Low-cost
tropical, growing vegetables in the tropics, Diseases Of Tropical
And Subtropical Vegetables And Other Plants, Spices facts,
information, pictures, Medicinal Plants Utilisation and
Conservation,
Tags
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Aromatic Plants Trade Production and Management,
Medicinal and aromatic plants in agroforestry systems, Spice
crops agroforestry systems, Cultivation of various Spices in
India, Production Technology of Spices, spice production in
India, Demand for Sustainable Spices, Role of Spices Board
in the cultivation and export of Spices, Cultivation of
Medicinal and Spice Plants, Cultivation and processing of
spices, Spice Farming, Scope of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants farming, organic farming medicinal and aromatic
plants, Organic Farming in spices, Commercialization of
aromatic and medicinal plants, Cultivation, Marketing of
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ,Commercial cultivation of
medicinal plants,
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Niir Project Consultancy Services (NPCS)
can provide Process Technology Book on
Cultivation of Tropical, Subtropical,
Vegetables, Spices, Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants
See more
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Our inexhaustible Client list includes public-
sector companies, Corporate Houses,
Government undertaking, individual
entrepreneurs, NRI, Foreign investors, non-profit
organizations and educational institutions from
all parts of the World. The list is just a glimpse of
our esteemed & satisfied Clients.
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OUR CLIENTS
Free Instant Online Project Identification &
Selection Search Facility
Selection process starts with the generation of a product idea. In order
to select the most promising project, the entrepreneur needs to
generate a few ideas about the possible projects.
Here’s we offer a best and easiest way for every entrepreneur to
searching criteria of projects on our website
www.entrepreneurindia.co that is “Instant Online Project Identification
and Selection”
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NPCS Team has simplified the process for you by
providing a "Free Instant Online Project Identification &
Selection" search facility to identify projects based on
multiple search parameters related to project costs
namely: Plant & Machinery Cost, Total Capital Investment,
Cost of the project, Rate of Return% (ROR) and Break Even
Point % (BEP). You can sort the projects on the basis of
mentioned pointers and identify a suitable project
matching your investment requisites.
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Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
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Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
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o One of the leading reliable names in industrial world for
providing the most comprehensive technical consulting services
o We adopt a systematic approach to provide the strong
fundamental support needed for the effective delivery of services
to our Clients’ in India & abroad
Who are we?
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We at NPCS want to grow with you by providing solutions scale
to suit your new operations and help you reduce risk and give a
high return on application investments. We have successfully
achieved top-notch quality standards with a high level of
customer appreciation resulting in long lasting relation and
large amount of referral work through technological
breakthrough and innovative concepts. A large number of our
Indian, Overseas and NRI Clients have appreciated our
expertise for excellence which speaks volumes about our
commitment and dedication to every client's success.
www.entrepreneurindia.co
We bring deep, functional expertise, but are known for
our holistic perspective: we capture value across
boundaries and between the silos of any organization.
We have proven a multiplier effect from optimizing the
sum of the parts, not just the individual pieces. We
actively encourage a culture of innovation, which
facilitates the development of new technologies and
ensures a high quality product.
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o Project Identification
o Detailed Project Reports/Pre-feasibility Reports
o Business Plan
o Industry Trends
o Market Research Reports
o Technology Books and Directory
o Databases on CD-ROM
o Laboratory Testing Services
o Turnkey Project Consultancy/Solutions
o Entrepreneur India (An Industrial Monthly Journal)
What do we offer?
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o We have two decades long experience in project consultancy and
market research field
o We empower our customers with the prerequisite know-how to
take sound business decisions
o We help catalyze business growth by providing distinctive and
profound market analysis
o We serve a wide array of customers , from individual
entrepreneurs to Corporations and Foreign Investors
o We use authentic & reliable sources to ensure business precision
How are we different ?
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Our Approach
Requirement collection
Thorough analysis of the project
Economic feasibility study of the
Project
Market potential survey/research
Report Compilation
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Who do we serve?
o Public-sector Companies
o Corporates
o Government Undertakings
o Individual Entrepreneurs
o NRI’s
o Foreign Investors
o Non-profit Organizations, NBFC’s
o Educational Institutions
o Embassies & Consulates
o Consultancies
o Industry / trade associations
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Sectors We Cover
o Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicines, Herbal Cosmetics
o Alcoholic And Non Alcoholic Beverages, Drinks
o Adhesives, Industrial Adhesive, Sealants, Glues, Gum & Resin
o Activated Carbon & Activated Charcoal
o Aluminium And Aluminium Extrusion Profiles & Sections,
o Bio-fertilizers And Biotechnology
o Breakfast Snacks And Cereal Food
o Bicycle Tyres & Tubes, Bicycle Parts, Bicycle Assembling
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Bamboo And Cane Based Projects
o Building Materials And Construction Projects
o Biodegradable & Bioplastic Based Projects
o Chemicals (Organic And Inorganic)
o Confectionery, Bakery/Baking And Other Food
o Cereal Processing
o Coconut And Coconut Based Products
o Cold Storage For Fruits & Vegetables
o Coal & Coal Byproduct
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Copper & Copper Based Projects
o Dairy/Milk Processing
o Disinfectants, Pesticides, Insecticides, Mosquito Repellents,
o Electrical, Electronic And Computer based Projects
o Essential Oils, Oils & Fats And Allied
o Engineering Goods
o Fibre Glass & Float Glass
o Fast Moving Consumer Goods
o Food, Bakery, Agro Processing
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Fruits & Vegetables Processing
o Ferro Alloys Based Projects
o Fertilizers & Biofertilizers
o Ginger & Ginger Based Projects
o Herbs And Medicinal Cultivation And Jatropha (Biofuel)
o Hotel & Hospitability Projects
o Hospital Based Projects
o Herbal Based Projects
o Inks, Stationery And Export Industries
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Infrastructure Projects
o Jute & Jute Based Products
o Leather And Leather Based Projects
o Leisure & Entertainment Based Projects
o Livestock Farming Of Birds & Animals
o Minerals And Minerals
o Maize Processing(Wet Milling) & Maize Based Projects
o Medical Plastics, Disposables Plastic Syringe, Blood Bags
o Organic Farming, Neem Products Etc.
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Paints, Pigments, Varnish & Lacquer
o Paper And Paper Board, Paper Recycling Projects
o Printing Inks
o Packaging Based Projects
o Perfumes, Cosmetics And Flavours
o Power Generation Based Projects & Renewable Energy Based Projects
o Pharmaceuticals And Drugs
o Plantations, Farming And Cultivations
o Plastic Film, Plastic Waste And Plastic Compounds
o Plastic, PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE Etc.
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Potato And Potato Based Projects
o Printing And Packaging
o Real Estate, Leisure And Hospitality
o Rubber And Rubber Products
o Soaps And Detergents
o Stationary Products
o Spices And Snacks Food
o Steel & Steel Products
o Textile Auxiliary And Chemicals
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Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Township & Residential Complex
o Textiles And Readymade Garments
o Waste Management & Recycling
o Wood & Wood Products
o Water Industry(Packaged Drinking Water & Mineral
Water)
o Wire & Cable
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Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-2385886
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on
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Cultivation of Tropical, Subtropical, Vegetables, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

  • 1. Cultivation of Tropical, Subtropical, Vegetables, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
  • 2. www.entrepreneurindia.co Introduction Plant spices grown in tropical countries on small scale family farms of commercial farms, to provide foods for human or live stock, in dry or humid regions are highly abundant and taxonomically diversified. Vegetables comprise of a large number of plants, mostly annual, of which different parts like leaf, steam, flowers, fruit, root etc. are eaten. They are rich in nutrients and are essential items of a balanced diet. Vegetables are called protective food as their consumption can prevent several diseases. Many vegetables are important items of commerce and thus can play a major role in the economic development. Generally classification of horticulture plants are based on nature of growth climatic requirement continuation of growth
  • 3. www.entrepreneurindia.co types of fruit parts used botanical relationship, salinity tolerance, ripening behaviour , botanical relationship, hardness or temperature tolerance, cool season vegtables, warm season vegetables, parts used as food, methods of raising, etc. Medicinal and aromatic plants are important for human health. These plants have been used from the prehistoric times to present day. These plants based medicines are consumed in all civilizations. It is believed that the herbal medicine can give good effect to body without causing side effects to human life. Besides, the usage of medical plants has been increasing as an important role that can support the economic system. The medical and aromatic plants for health are used as herbal treatments and therapies that can be new habits for culture.
  • 4. www.entrepreneurindia.co Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a large segment of the flora, which provide raw materials for use by various industries. They have been used in the country for a long time for their medicinal properties. The decision to cultivate medicinal herbs should only be made in response to demand for particular herbs. The market is very competitive and could easily be oversupplied. This book majorly deals with classification of horticultural plants, classification of flowers, classification of spices, soil and climatic requirements of horticultural plants, beet root, bottle gourd, harvesting and post harvest management, poly house vegetable production in temperate regions, vegetables growing in containers, tea, performance of plants from cutting, vegetative propagation, rubber
  • 5. www.entrepreneurindia.co Biofertilizers in vegetable cultivation, postharvest management of tropical tuber crops, etc. This is an informative resource of the cultivation, irrigation, manuring, fertilization, harvesting and post harvest management of tropical, subtropical, vegetables, spices, medicinal and aromatic plants. This book is useful for entrepreneurs, ayurvedic institutes, libraries and consultants.
  • 6. www.entrepreneurindia.co Table of Contents VEGETABLE CROPS 1. CLASSIFICATION OF HORTICULTURAL PLANTS  Plant Kingdom  Classification of Fruits  Based on Nature of Growth  Based on Climatic Requirement
  • 7. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Based on Continuation of Growth  Based on Types of Fruit  Based on Parts Used  Based on Botanical Relationship  Based on Salinity Tolerance  Based on Ripening Behaviour  Based on Ethylene Evolution  Based on Bearing Behaviour
  • 8. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Classification of Vegetables  Based on Botanical Relationship  Based on Hardness or Temperature Tolerance  Cool Season Vegetables  Warm Season Vegetables  Based on Tolerance to Soil Acidity  Based on Tolerance to Salt  Based on Parts Used as Food
  • 9. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Based on Methods of Raising  Based on Forcing  Based on Rate of Respiration  Classification of Flowers  Based on Season of Growing  Based on Colour of Flower  Based on Purpose of Growing  Based on Nature of Growth
  • 10. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Based on Mode of Propagation  Based on Growth Behaviour  Classification of Spices  Based on Completion of Life Cycle  Based on Growth Behaviour  Based on Importance  Based on Part Used  Based on Utility
  • 11. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Based on Cultural Management  Based on Botanical Relationship  Classification of Plantatoin Crops  Based on Botanical Relationship  Based on Growth Behaviour  Based on Utility  Based on Extent of Growing  Based on Intensity of Cultivation
  • 12. www.entrepreneurindia.co 2. SOIL AND CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS OF HORTICULTURAL PLANTS  Soil  Alluvial Soils  Tarai Soils  Arid Soils  Black Soils  Red Soils
  • 13. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Laterite Soils  Marshy Soils  Climate  Temperate Climate  Tropical Climate  Sub-Tropical Climate  Different Types of Horticulturally Potential Zones of the Country
  • 14. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Temperate Zone  North-Western Sub-Tropical Zone  North-Eastern Sub-Tropical Zone  Central Tropical Zone  Southern Tropical Zone  Coastal/Tropical Zone  Influence of Climatic Factors  On the Growth of Plants
  • 15. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Temperature  Humidity  Wind  Rainfall  Solar Radiation 3. VARIETAL WEALTH OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS  Fruits
  • 16. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Vegetables  Flowers  Plantation Crops  Seed Spices 4. AGATHI Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Manuring and Fertilization
  • 17. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Aftercare  Yield 5. AMARANTH Climte and Soil  Varieties  Badi Chaulai  Chhoti Chaulai  Pusa Kiran  Pusa Lal Chaulai
  • 18. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Pusa Kirti  Cultivation  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization  Irrigation  Interculture  Seed Production  Harvesting and Postharvest Management
  • 19. www.entrepreneurindia.co 6. ASH GOURD  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Apau Shakthi  Cultivation  Irrigation  Crop Regulation  Manuring and Fertilization
  • 20. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 7. BEET ROOT  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Detroit Dark Red  Crimson Globe  Propagation and Rootstock  Cultivation
  • 21. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Planting  Training and Pruning  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management  Physiological Disorders 8. BITTER GOURD
  • 22. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Sowing  Irrigation  Manuring and Fertilization  Intercultural Operations  Harvesting and Postharvest Management
  • 23. www.entrepreneurindia.co 9. BOTTLE GOURD  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Arka Bahar  Kalyanpur Hari Lambi  Punjab Komal  Punjab Long  Punjab Round
  • 24. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Pusa Manjari  Pusa Meghdut  Pusa Naveen  Pusa Summer Prolific Long  Pusa Summer Prolific Round  Rajendera Chamatkar  Cultivation  Field Preparation
  • 25. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization  Training  Interculture  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 10. BRINJAL  Climate and Soil
  • 26. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Varieties  Cultivation  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization  Interculture  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 11. BROCCOLI
  • 27. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Palam Samridhi  Cultivation  Manuring and Fertilization  Irrigation  Interculture  Harvesting and Postharvest Management
  • 28. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Physiological Disorders 12. BRUSSELS SPROUT  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Jade Cross  Hilds Ideal  Rubine  Cultivation
  • 29. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Manuring and Fertilization  Irrigation  Interculture  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 13. CABBAGE  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Copenhagen Market
  • 30. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Drumhead Savoy  Golden Acre  Pride of India  Pusa Drumhead  Pusa Mukta  Red Cabbage  September  Cultivation
  • 31. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Planting  Manuring and Fertilization  Interculture  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 14. CAPSICUM  Climate and Soil  Varieties
  • 32. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Sowing  Planting  Training and Pruning  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 15. CARROT
  • 33. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Tropical or Asiatic Types  Temperate or European Types  Cultivation  Land Preparation  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization
  • 34. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management  Physiological Disorders 16. CAULIFLOWER  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation
  • 35. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Raising of Nursery  Transplanting  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management  Physiological Disorders  Riceyness  Fuzziness
  • 36. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Leafy Curds  Blindness  Buttoning  Chlorosis  Hollow Stem  Browning (brown-rot or red-rot)  Whiptail 17. CELERY
  • 37. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Fork Hook Emperor  Standard Beared  Wright Grove Giant  Cultivation  Manuring and Fertilization  Irrigation
  • 38. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Interculture  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 18. CHILLI  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Raising Seedlings  Manuring and Fertilization
  • 39. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Irrigation and Interculture  Weed Control  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 19. COWPEA  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Arka Garima  Pusa Barsati
  • 40. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Pusa Dofasali  Pusa Komal  Pusa Phalguni  Pusa Rituraj  Philippines Early  Yard Long Bean  Cultivation  Sowing
  • 41. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Manuring and Fertilization  Irrigation  Aftercare  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 20. CUCUMBER  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Himangi
  • 42. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Japanese Long Green  Poinsett  Poona Khira  Pusa Sanyog  Sheetal  Cultivation  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization
  • 43. www.entrepreneurindia.co 21. CURRY LEAF  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Propagation  Planting  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare
  • 44. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 22. DRUMSTICK  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Chavakacheri Muringai  Chemmurungai  Jaffna Type  Kattumurungai
  • 45. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Kodikalmurungai  Palmurungai  Punamurungai  Yazphanam Muringa  Cultivation  Sowing  Crop Production  Manuring and Fertilization
  • 46. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Aftercare  Weeding  Intercropping  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 23. FRENCH BEAN  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Arka Komal
  • 47. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Bountiful  Contender  Jampa  Kentucky Wonder  Lakshmi  Pant Anupma  Premier  Pusa Parvati
  • 48. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Cultivation  Sowing  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management  Physiological Disorders 24. GARLIC  Climate and Soil
  • 49. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Varieties  Propagation and Planting Material  Cultivation  Planting  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management
  • 50. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Physiological Disorders 25. KALE  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Manuring and Fertilization  Irrigation  Interculture
  • 51. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Interculture  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 26. KNOL-KHOL  Climate and Soil  Varieties  King of North  Large Green  Purple Vienna
  • 52. www.entrepreneurindia.co  White Vienna  Cultivation  Planting  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 27. LABLAB BEAN
  • 53. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Pusa Early Prolific  Cultivation  Field Preparation  Aftercare  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 28. LETTUCE
  • 54. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Propagation  Planting  Manuring  Aftercare  Irrigation
  • 55. www.entrepreneurindia.co 29. MUSKMELON  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Arka Jeet  Arka Rajhans  Durgapura Madhu  Hara Madhu  Hisar Madhur
  • 56. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Hisar Saras  Punjab Hybrid  Pusa Madhuras  Pusa Rasraj  Punjab Rasila  Pusa Sharbati  Punjab Sunehri  Cultivation
  • 57. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Sowing  Land Preparation  Manuring and Fertilization  Hoeing and Weeding  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 30. OKRA  Climate and Soil
  • 58. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Varieties  Arka Abhay  Arka Anamika  Azad Kranti  Harbhajan Bhindi  Hisar Unnat  Parbhani Kranti  Perkins Long Green
  • 59. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Punjab Padmini  Pusa Makhmali  Pusa Sawani  Red Bhindi  Varsha Uphar  Cultivation  Sowing  Training and Pruning
  • 60. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 31. ONION  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation
  • 61. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Planting  Transplanting  Planting by Bulbs  Direct Sowing  Planting by Sets  Manuring and Fertilization  Cultural Operations  Irrigation
  • 62. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 32. PALAK OR INDIAN SPINACH  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Sowing  Planting  Manuring
  • 63. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 33. PARSLEY  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Manuring and Fertilization
  • 64. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Irrigation  Interculture  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 34. PEA  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Arkel  Bonneville
  • 65. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harbhajan  Lincoln  Cultivation  Planting  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management
  • 66. www.entrepreneurindia.co 35. POINTED GOURD  Climate and Soil  Varieties  CHES Elite Line  Chhota Hilli  Dandali  Hilli  Shankolia
  • 67. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Swarna Alaukik  Swarna Rekha  Propagation  Cultivation  Planting  Manuring and Fertilization  Training  Interculture
  • 68. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 36. PUMPKIN  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Ambili  Arka Chandan  Pusa Vikas
  • 69. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Cultivation  Sowing  Land Preparation  Interculture  Irrigation  Off-season Cultivation  Seed Production  Hybrid Seed Production
  • 70. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 37. RADISH  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Asiatic or Tropical  Arka Nishant  Japanese White  Jaunpuri Giant or Newari
  • 71. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Kalyani White  Nadauni  Punjab Safed  Pusa Chetki  Pusa Desi  Pusa Himani  Pusa Reshmi  European or Temperate Varieties
  • 72. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Chinese Pink  Rapid Red White Tipped  Scarlet Globe  White Icicle  Cultivation  Preparation of Land  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization
  • 73. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Interculture  Irrigation  Growth Regulators  Seed Production  Postharvest Management  Physiological Disorders 38. RIDGE GOURD  Climate and Soil
  • 74. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Varieties  Pusa Nasdar  Satputia  Cultivation  Sowing  Interculture 39. ROUND MELON  Climate and Soil
  • 75. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Varieties  Arka Tinda  Tinda Ludhiana  Tinda Tonk  Tamil Nadu Selection  Cultivation  Planting  Manuring and Fertilization
  • 76. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Interculture  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 40. SNAKE GOURD  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Sowing
  • 77. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Interculture  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 41. SPINACH  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Propagation  Planting
  • 78. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Manuring  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 42. SPONGE GOURD  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation
  • 79. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Sowing  Interculture  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 43. TOMATO  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Raising seedlings
  • 80. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Direct Seeding  Planting  Training and Pruning  Aftercare  Irrigation  Seed Production  Harvesting and Postharvest Management  Physiological Disorders
  • 81. www.entrepreneurindia.co 44. TURNIP  Climage and Soil  Varieties  Early Milan Red Top  Golden Ball  Purple Top White Globe  Pusa Chandrima  Pusa Kanchan
  • 82. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Pusa Swarnima  Pusa Sweti  Snow Ball  Cultivation  Manuring and Fertilization  Irrigation  Interculture  Seed Production
  • 83. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harvesting and Postharvest Management  Physiological Disorder 45. WATERMELON  Climage and Soil  Varieties  Arka Jyoti  Arka Manik  Asahi Yamato
  • 84. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Durgapura Kesar  Durgapura Meetha  Improved Shipper  New Hampshire Midget  Pusa Bedana  Sugar Baby  Cultivation  Pruning and Training
  • 85. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Forcing Watermelons out of Season  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 46. POLYHOUSE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SUBTROPICS  Selection of Sites
  • 86. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Polyhouse Structures  Frames and Cladding Material  Environment Control  Selection of Vegetables  Nursery Raising  Off-season Vegetables Production  Aftercare
  • 87. www.entrepreneurindia.co 47. POLYHOUSE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN TEMPERATE REGIONS  Polyhouses  Benefits  Status  Indian Polyhouses  Plastic Low Tunnels  Soil Trench
  • 88. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Site Selection  Polyhouse Structure  Vegetable Production  Nursery Raising  Vegetable Production  Seed Production  Hydroponics and Micropropagated Vegetables  Polyhouse Pests and Diseases
  • 89. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Some Problems  Prospects in India 48. VEGETABLES GROWING IN CONTAINERS  Types of Containers  Tools, Manures, Seeds, Fungicides and Insecticides  Suitable Vegetables and their Varieties  Cultivation  Sowing/planting
  • 90. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Aftercare  Harvesting and Postharvest Management  PROPAGATION OF PLANTATI ON CROPS 49. TEA  Seed Propagation  Storage  Germination  Seed-Size
  • 91. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Seed-Coat  Treatment with Growth Substance  Treatment with Fungicides  Temperature  Biochemical Changes during Germination  Seedling Growth  Seed Size  Effect of Insecticides
  • 92. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Irradiation  Vegetative Propagation  Cutting  Type of Cutting  Etiolation and Girdling  Media  Season  Clonal Variations
  • 93. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Effect of Growth Substances  Stock Plant  Oxygen  Fungicide and Nematicide  Type of Cutting and Growth Substances  Type of Cutting and Media  Type of Cutting and Season  Type of Cutting, Media and Temperature
  • 94. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Type of Cutting, Season and Growth Substances  Type of Cutting, Media and Growth Substance  Type of Cutting and Treatment with Nutrients  Growth Substance, Media and Temperature  Type of Cutting, Light, Humidity, Media and Growth  Substance  Storage of Cutting  Other Treatments
  • 95. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Root Cutting  Performance of Plants from Cutting  Layering  Grafting  Methods  Budding  Rootstock  Effect on Growth and Yield
  • 96. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Micropropagation 50. CACAO  Seed Propagation  Storage and Viability  Germination  Stage of Harvest  Depth of Sowing  Air Drying
  • 97. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Size of Pod  Position of Seed in Pod  Temperature  Media  Sugar  Endogenous Substances  Seedling Survival and Growth  Stage of Harvest of Seeds
  • 98. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Container and Media  Effect of Growth Substance and Antitranspirant  Hybrids  Age of Seedling at Transplanting  Vegetative Propagation  Cutting  Stock Plant  Type of Cutting
  • 99. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Media  Humidity  Light  Effect of Growth Substances  Type of Shoot and Growth Substances  Etiolation  Growth Substance and Fungicides  Type of Cutting and Growth Substance
  • 100. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Media and Light  Media and Growth Substance  Type of cutting and Humidity  Type of Cutting, Media and Humidity  Type of Cutting, Growth Substance and Media  Type of Cutting, Media, Humidity and Temperature  Type of Cutting, Media, Light and Growth Substances  Humidity, Temperature, Growth Substance and Light
  • 101. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Clonal Variation  Hardening of Cutting  Layering  Grafting  Budding  Methods  Preparation of Budwood  Top Working
  • 102. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Rootstock  Effect on Growth and Yield  Incompatibility  Effect of Different Methods of Propagation  Micropropagation 51. COFFEE  Seed Propagation  Viability
  • 103. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Germination  Collection of Seed  Moisture Content of Seed  Effect of Cover  Media  Seed Treatment  Seedling Growth  Depth of Sowing
  • 104. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Container  Media  Growth Substances, Fungicides and Nutrition  Vegetative Propagation  Root Sucker  Cutting  Type of Cutting  Time of Taking Cutting
  • 105. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Media  Humidity  Temperature  Effect of Growth Substances  Type of Cutting and Growth Substances  Type of Cutting, Media and Temperature  Type of Cutting, Media and Growth Substances  Growth Substances and Media
  • 106. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Media, Temperature and Humidity  Root Cutting  Leaf Cutting  Layering  Stooling  Grafting  Methods  Type of Scion
  • 107. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Season  Effect of Leaves  Growth of Grafted Plants  Top Working  Budding  Storage of Budwood  Rootstock  Compatibility
  • 108. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Growth and Adaptibility to Environment  Nematode, Disease and Pest Resistdant Rootstock  Micropropagation 52. RUBBER  Seed Propagation  Harvesting  Viability  Germination
  • 109. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Seedling Growth  Vegetative Propagation  Cutting  Type of Cutting  Juvenility  Ringing  Effect of Light  Effect of Growth Substances
  • 110. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Effect of Fungicides  Humidity and Temperature  Type of Cutting and Growth Substances  Grafting  Methods  Performance of Grafted and Budded Plants  Budding  Methods
  • 111. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Selection of Budwood  Age of Rootstock  Budding Material  Treatment  Care of Budded Plants  Performance of Budded Plants  Top Working  Rootstock
  • 112. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Effect on Growth and Yield  Resistant to Pests and Diseases  Influence of Scion on Growth and Yield  Micropropagation 53. OIL PALM  Seed Propagation  Storage and Viability  Germination
  • 113. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Effect of Media and Temperature  Effect of Oxygen  Effect of Irradiation  Effect of Growth Substances  Biochemical Changes  Seedling Growth  Storage of Clone  Vegetative Propagation
  • 114. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Micropropagation 54. ARECANUT  Seed Propagation  Selection of Seed Nuts and Viability  Germination  Raising of Seedling  Selection of Seedlings  Vegetative Propagation
  • 115. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Layering  SPICES 55. BETELVINE  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Propagation  Cultivation  Construction of Bareja or Boroj
  • 116. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Raising of Support Plant in Open Cultivation  Land Preparation  Soil Treatment  Planting  Training/pruning  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Irrigation
  • 117. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 56. BLACK PEPPER  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Propagation  Cultivation  Planting  Training/pruning
  • 118. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 57. CARDAMOM (SMALL)  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Propagation
  • 119. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Cultivation  Planting  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 58. CARDAMOM (LARGE)  Climate and Soil
  • 120. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Varieties  Bebo  Bharlangey  Golsey  Ramla  Ramsey  Sawney  Propagation
  • 121. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Primary Nursery  Secondary Nursery  Cultivation  Planting  Aftercare  Irrigation  Shade Regulation  Roguing and Gap-filling
  • 122. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Manuring and Fertilization  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 59. CINNAMON  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Propagation  Cultivation  Planting
  • 123. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Manuring and Fertilization  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 60. CLOVE  Climate and Soil  Propagation  Cultivation  Planting
  • 124. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Manuring and Aftercare  Irrigation  Postharvest Management 61. CORIANDER  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Sidhu  Sadhna
  • 125. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Swathi  Cultivation  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization  Weed Control  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management  Physiological Disorders
  • 126. www.entrepreneurindia.co 62. CUMIN  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization  Weed Control  Irrigation
  • 127. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 62. FENNEL  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Cultivation  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization  Weed control
  • 128. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management  Physiological Disorder 64. FENUGREEK  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Rajendra Kanti  Hissar Sonali
  • 129. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Cultivation  Sowing  Manuring and Fertilization  Weed Control  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 65. GINGER  Climate and Soil
  • 130. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Varieties  Cultivation  Planting  Manuring and Fertilization  Weeding and Mulching  Rotation and Intercropping of Ginger  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 66. NUTMEG
  • 131. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Varieties  Propagation and Rootstock  Cultivation  Nursery  Planting  Aftercare  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Management
  • 132. www.entrepreneurindia.co 67. TAMARIND  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Urigam  Cultivation  Propagation  Planting  Aftercare
  • 133. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harvesting and Postharvest Management 68. TURMERIC  Climate and Soil  Varieties  Propagation  Cultivation  Manuring and Fertilization  Aftercare
  • 134. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Intercropping  Irrigation  Harvesting and Postharvest Technology  MEDICINAL PLANTS 69. ASGAND 70. DILL 71. GUGGAL
  • 135. www.entrepreneurindia.co 72. HENBANE 73. ISABGOL 74. KHASI KATERI 75. LIQUORICE 76. OPIUM POPPY 77. PERIWINKLE 78. PIPALI
  • 136. www.entrepreneurindia.co 79. RAUVOLFIA 80. SENNA AROMATIC PLANTS 81. AMBRETTE SEED OR MUSKDANA 82. CELERY 83. CHAMOMILE 84. DAVANA
  • 137. www.entrepreneurindia.co 85. FRENCH JASMINE 86. INDIAN BASIL 87. JAVA CITRONELLA 88. KEWADA 89. LEMON GRASS 90. MINT  Peppermint
  • 138. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Spearmint  Bergamot Mint 91. PALMAROSA OIL GRASS 92. PATCHOULI 93. ROSE GERANIUM 94. SCENTED ROSE 95. VETIVER
  • 139. www.entrepreneurindia.co 96. BIOFERTILIZERS  Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizers  Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation  Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation  Azotobacter  Phosphate Solubilizing Biofertilizers  Mycorrhizal Fungi  Actinorhizal Plants
  • 140. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Biofertilizers in Vegetable Cultivation  Seed Treatment  Cutting/Set Treatment  Seedling Treatment 97. MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES  Disease Management  Escape From Pathogen  Preventing Entry of Inoculum
  • 141. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Eradication  Protection  Reaction of Host Crop  Prophylactic Measures (Therapeutics)  Biological Control  Chemical Control 98. POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT OF POTATO
  • 142. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Harvesting  Postharvest Management  Drying, Curing and Grading  Dormancy  Postharvest Losses  Physiological Losses  Pathogenic Losses  Refrigerated Storage
  • 143. www.entrepreneurindia.co 99. POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT OF TROPICAL TUBER CROPS  Cassava  Harvesting and Handling  Storage  Utilization  Processing  Toxic Principles
  • 144. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Sweet Potato  Harvesting and Handling  Storage  Utilization  Processing  Anti-nutritional Factors  Elephant-Foot Yam  Harvesting and Handling
  • 145. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Storage  Utilization  Processing  Anti-nutritional Factors  Elephant-Foot Yam  Harvesting and Handling  Utilization  Anti-nutritional Factors
  • 146. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Taro  Harvesting and Handling  Storage  Utilization  Anti-Nutritional Factors  Tannia  Harvesting and Handling  Storage
  • 147. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Utilization  Anti-Nutritional Factors  Lesser Yam  Harvesting and Handling  Storage  Utilization  Greater Yam  Harvesting and Handling
  • 148. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Storage  Utilization  White Yam  Harvestinig and Handling  Storage  Utilization  Arrow-Root  Harvesting and Handling
  • 149. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Utilization  Chinese Potato  Harvesting and Handling  Storage  Utilization  Yam Bean  Harvesting and Handling  Storage
  • 150. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Utilization  Winged Bean  Harvesting and Handling  Winged Bean  Storage  Utilization
  • 151. www.entrepreneurindia.co 100. POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT OF MUSHROOM  Postharvest Technologies  Handling Fresh Mushrooms  Harvesting  Pre-Cooling  Sorting  Dipping/Treatments
  • 152. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Packaging  Transportation  Storage  Processing  Low Temperature  High Temperature  Drying  Chemicals
  • 153. www.entrepreneurindia.co  Pickling and Lactic Acid Fermentation  Irradiation  Minimal Processing  Other Products  Future Thrust and Export 101. Tools and Equipments used in Horticulture
  • 154. Tags www.entrepreneurindia.co Growing tropical vegetables, growing vegetables in tropical cilmates, plant that grow in tropical climates, tropical food plants, vegetables for tropical and subtropical, vegetable production in tropical, subtropical, production of aromatic plants and medicinal, aromatic plants and medicinal, spices grown in tropical, cultivation, utilization, and processing for spices, medicinal, vegetables, aromatic plants, medicinal and aromatic plants is generating in tropical, tropical subtropical vegetables spices production, Seeds for Tropical Vegetables, growing vegetables in hot climates, plants that grow in tropical climates, What crops grow in tropical climates, Top 10 subtropical vegetables, vegetables in the tropics, selecting suitable tropical crops, how to grow vegetables, useful tropical plant list,
  • 155. Tags www.entrepreneurindia.co Which vegetables are easiest to grow in a tropical climate?, Growing unusual and subtropical fruit and vegetables, tropical vegetables that anyone can grow, Growing Vegetables Gardening Guide for Beginners, Tropical Planting and Gardening, Cultivation Of Tropical Subtropical Vegetables Spices, Collection of medicinal plants, 20 Most Profitable Medicinal Growing With Small Investment, Sustainable cultivation and harvesting of Medicinal plants, cultivation of medicinal plants in India and government support, medicinal plant cultivation business, most profitable medicinal plants in India, ayurvedic medicinal plants farming, Cultivation of medicinal plants getting popular, cultivation of medicinal plants for improving, Cultivation and Marketing of Medicinal Plants
  • 156. Tags www.entrepreneurindia.co , Suitability and profitability of medicinal and aromatic plants, Agriculture becomes profitable, Medicinal Plants Cultivation & Uses, Exploration and Characterization of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, aromatic plants cultivation processing, aromatic plants farming, commercial cultivation of medicinal plants, list of aromatic plants in India, organic tropical and subtropical vegetables and spices production, Growing Vegetables and in Hot Climates, Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants, Cultivation of medicinal plants in developing nations, Top 10 subtropical vegetables, Low-cost tropical, growing vegetables in the tropics, Diseases Of Tropical And Subtropical Vegetables And Other Plants, Spices facts, information, pictures, Medicinal Plants Utilisation and Conservation,
  • 157. Tags www.entrepreneurindia.co Aromatic Plants Trade Production and Management, Medicinal and aromatic plants in agroforestry systems, Spice crops agroforestry systems, Cultivation of various Spices in India, Production Technology of Spices, spice production in India, Demand for Sustainable Spices, Role of Spices Board in the cultivation and export of Spices, Cultivation of Medicinal and Spice Plants, Cultivation and processing of spices, Spice Farming, Scope of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants farming, organic farming medicinal and aromatic plants, Organic Farming in spices, Commercialization of aromatic and medicinal plants, Cultivation, Marketing of Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ,Commercial cultivation of medicinal plants,
  • 158. www.entrepreneurindia.co Niir Project Consultancy Services (NPCS) can provide Process Technology Book on Cultivation of Tropical, Subtropical, Vegetables, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants See more https://goo.gl/D6qjUR https://goo.gl/rkg95P
  • 159.
  • 160. Take a look at Niir Project Consultancy Services on #Street View https://goo.gl/VstWkd www.entrepreneurindia.co Locate us on Google Maps https://goo.gl/maps/BKkUtq9gevT2
  • 161. www.entrepreneurindia.co Our inexhaustible Client list includes public- sector companies, Corporate Houses, Government undertaking, individual entrepreneurs, NRI, Foreign investors, non-profit organizations and educational institutions from all parts of the World. The list is just a glimpse of our esteemed & satisfied Clients. Click here to take a look https://goo.gl/G3ICjV OUR CLIENTS
  • 162. Free Instant Online Project Identification & Selection Search Facility Selection process starts with the generation of a product idea. In order to select the most promising project, the entrepreneur needs to generate a few ideas about the possible projects. Here’s we offer a best and easiest way for every entrepreneur to searching criteria of projects on our website www.entrepreneurindia.co that is “Instant Online Project Identification and Selection” www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 163. NPCS Team has simplified the process for you by providing a "Free Instant Online Project Identification & Selection" search facility to identify projects based on multiple search parameters related to project costs namely: Plant & Machinery Cost, Total Capital Investment, Cost of the project, Rate of Return% (ROR) and Break Even Point % (BEP). You can sort the projects on the basis of mentioned pointers and identify a suitable project matching your investment requisites. Click here to go http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/project-identification www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 164. Contact us Niir Project Consultancy Services 106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall, New Delhi-110007, India. Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955 Mobile: +91-9811043595 Fax: +91-11-23845886 Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on #StreetView https://goo.gl/VstWkd
  • 166. o One of the leading reliable names in industrial world for providing the most comprehensive technical consulting services o We adopt a systematic approach to provide the strong fundamental support needed for the effective delivery of services to our Clients’ in India & abroad Who are we? www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 167. We at NPCS want to grow with you by providing solutions scale to suit your new operations and help you reduce risk and give a high return on application investments. We have successfully achieved top-notch quality standards with a high level of customer appreciation resulting in long lasting relation and large amount of referral work through technological breakthrough and innovative concepts. A large number of our Indian, Overseas and NRI Clients have appreciated our expertise for excellence which speaks volumes about our commitment and dedication to every client's success. www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 168. We bring deep, functional expertise, but are known for our holistic perspective: we capture value across boundaries and between the silos of any organization. We have proven a multiplier effect from optimizing the sum of the parts, not just the individual pieces. We actively encourage a culture of innovation, which facilitates the development of new technologies and ensures a high quality product. www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 169. o Project Identification o Detailed Project Reports/Pre-feasibility Reports o Business Plan o Industry Trends o Market Research Reports o Technology Books and Directory o Databases on CD-ROM o Laboratory Testing Services o Turnkey Project Consultancy/Solutions o Entrepreneur India (An Industrial Monthly Journal) What do we offer? www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 170. o We have two decades long experience in project consultancy and market research field o We empower our customers with the prerequisite know-how to take sound business decisions o We help catalyze business growth by providing distinctive and profound market analysis o We serve a wide array of customers , from individual entrepreneurs to Corporations and Foreign Investors o We use authentic & reliable sources to ensure business precision How are we different ? www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 171. Our Approach Requirement collection Thorough analysis of the project Economic feasibility study of the Project Market potential survey/research Report Compilation www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 172. Who do we serve? o Public-sector Companies o Corporates o Government Undertakings o Individual Entrepreneurs o NRI’s o Foreign Investors o Non-profit Organizations, NBFC’s o Educational Institutions o Embassies & Consulates o Consultancies o Industry / trade associations www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 173. Sectors We Cover o Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicines, Herbal Cosmetics o Alcoholic And Non Alcoholic Beverages, Drinks o Adhesives, Industrial Adhesive, Sealants, Glues, Gum & Resin o Activated Carbon & Activated Charcoal o Aluminium And Aluminium Extrusion Profiles & Sections, o Bio-fertilizers And Biotechnology o Breakfast Snacks And Cereal Food o Bicycle Tyres & Tubes, Bicycle Parts, Bicycle Assembling www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 174. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Bamboo And Cane Based Projects o Building Materials And Construction Projects o Biodegradable & Bioplastic Based Projects o Chemicals (Organic And Inorganic) o Confectionery, Bakery/Baking And Other Food o Cereal Processing o Coconut And Coconut Based Products o Cold Storage For Fruits & Vegetables o Coal & Coal Byproduct www.entrepreneurindia.co
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  • 176. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Fruits & Vegetables Processing o Ferro Alloys Based Projects o Fertilizers & Biofertilizers o Ginger & Ginger Based Projects o Herbs And Medicinal Cultivation And Jatropha (Biofuel) o Hotel & Hospitability Projects o Hospital Based Projects o Herbal Based Projects o Inks, Stationery And Export Industries www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 177. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Infrastructure Projects o Jute & Jute Based Products o Leather And Leather Based Projects o Leisure & Entertainment Based Projects o Livestock Farming Of Birds & Animals o Minerals And Minerals o Maize Processing(Wet Milling) & Maize Based Projects o Medical Plastics, Disposables Plastic Syringe, Blood Bags o Organic Farming, Neem Products Etc. www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 178. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Paints, Pigments, Varnish & Lacquer o Paper And Paper Board, Paper Recycling Projects o Printing Inks o Packaging Based Projects o Perfumes, Cosmetics And Flavours o Power Generation Based Projects & Renewable Energy Based Projects o Pharmaceuticals And Drugs o Plantations, Farming And Cultivations o Plastic Film, Plastic Waste And Plastic Compounds o Plastic, PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE Etc. www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 179. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Potato And Potato Based Projects o Printing And Packaging o Real Estate, Leisure And Hospitality o Rubber And Rubber Products o Soaps And Detergents o Stationary Products o Spices And Snacks Food o Steel & Steel Products o Textile Auxiliary And Chemicals www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 180. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Township & Residential Complex o Textiles And Readymade Garments o Waste Management & Recycling o Wood & Wood Products o Water Industry(Packaged Drinking Water & Mineral Water) o Wire & Cable www.entrepreneurindia.co
  • 181. Contact us Niir Project Consultancy Services 106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall, New Delhi-110007, India. Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955 Mobile: +91-9811043595 Fax: +91-11-2385886 Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on #StreetView https://goo.gl/VstWkd
  • 183. For more information, visit us at: www.entrepreneurindia.co