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Personality disorders in DSM5
1. Personality disorders in
DSM5
Ahmed Eid Elaghoury
Arab & Egyptian Boards in Psychiatry
Psychiatry registrar
Armed Forces Center for Psychiatric Care,TAIF
2. Same criteria as DSM IV
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 2
DSM5 Task Force List
4. DSM 5 field trials
In USA & Canada: 279 clinicians, 2246 pts, most
of them (86%) interviewed twice to test 23
disorders
Borderline PD: good interrater reliability
Obsessive compulsive PD & antisocial PD:
questionable reliability range
Other PDs: too few pts to test reliability
(Kappa test)
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 4
Bret S. Stetka, MD, Christoph U. Correll, MD:A Guide to DSM-5. Medscape Psychiatry, May 21, 2013
5. DSM-5 field trials: diagnostic reliability in adults. Modified from: Freedman R, Lewis DA, Michels R,
et al. The initial field trials of DSM-5: new blooms and old thorns. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:1-5.
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 5
6. Multiaxial system
Introduced with DSM III (1980): to complete
evaluation and not overlook any symptom
Axis II: personality ds & specific
developmental ds
Axes I & II: were mental ds
Removed in DSM5 (2013):
◦ Axes I, II & III: as a list by principal diagnosis
◦ Axis IV ICD10 Z codes
◦ AxisV WHO disability assessment schedule
(WHODAS 2.0)
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 6
8. We are back!! Keep skeptical
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 8
DSM I, 1952: pg 46
DSM II, 1968: pg 2
9. New concept: Cross-cutting
symptom measures
Modeled on general medicine’s review of
systems
Reviewing psychopathological domains
Level 1: brief survey:
◦ (13) domains for adult
◦ (12) domains for child & adolescent
Level 2: more in-depth assessment
Both: at initial interview and followup
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 9
15. Alternative DSM5 Model for
personality disorders
In section III, so NOT official or for clinical use
Still a research model
Based on the “Big Five” Five Factor Model of
Personality “FFM” and the Personality
Psychopathology Five “PSY5” model.
Trait approach: ie dimensional
Categorical approach may be uninformative eg
other specified / unspecified PD
Distinguishing traits, symptoms and specific
behaviors.
Allow to describe a personality disorder – trait
specified (PD-TS)
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 15
16. Alternative DSM5 Model
Main premise:
◦ Personality functioning: impaired (criterion A)
◦ Personality traits: pathological (criterion B)
◦ Pervasiveness & Stability (criteria C&D)
◦ Absence of alternative explanation (criteria E,
F & G)
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 16
17. Five personality disorder trait
domains
1. Negative Affectivity (vs emotional stability)
2. Detachment (vs Extraversion)
3. Antagonism (vs Agreeableness)
4. Disinhibition (vs Conscientiousness)
5. Psychoticism (vs Lucidity)
Each domain has “facets” eg: anxiousness,
depressivity, etc inside Negative Affectivity
All are 25 facets
Only 6 specific PDs applied to this model:
antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic,
obsessive-compulsive & schizotypal
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 17
18. ICD-11 Beta Draft
Personality disorder:
◦ Mild
◦ Moderate
◦ Severe
◦ Other
◦ Unspecified
Allows “late onset” qualifier
No specific subtypes of PDs.
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 18
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en
19. Summary
Multiaxial documentation is REMOVED from DSM5
Only BORDERLINE PD is of good interrater reliability in
DSM5 field trials
“PERSONALITY FUNCTIONING” & “CROSS-CUTTING
SYMPTOM MEASURES” are new DSM5 concepts
“DISABILITY” is the generic diagnostic criterion in DSM5
Personality functioning should be ASSESSED ROUTINELY as a
domain of level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure OR as a
domain of disability in WHODAS 2.0
ALTERNATIVE DSM5 MODEL FOR PERSONALITY
DISORDERS is “five factor” dimensional (trait) model and still
under research, NOT for official use
ICD 11 BETA CRITERIA for personality disorders are
dimensional and removing the specific subtyping till now
Taif, Jun 2014 DSM5 changes series 19