ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage. For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/ Innovative technologies and strategic planning methodologies of cultural heritage preservation

1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Management and Use Module 6 Basic Cour s e Teaching Material Topic 6 .4 Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Innovative technologies and strategic planning methodologies of cultural heritage preservation Educational Toolkit

2. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Copyright ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012 This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries. This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, by any means at all times and on any downloads, copies and or, adaptations, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms. Use of the material amounting to a distortion or mutilation of the material or is otherwise prejudicial to the honor or reputation of ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011 is forbidden. Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained. Disclaimer This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

3. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Abstract The current presentation examines how strategic planning of protection interventions and environmental management can be a valuable tool for a sustainable preservation of historic cities and cultural heritage, ensuring urban development while enhancing the cultural identity Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

4. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Content Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Table of contents of this presentation 6.1 . New strategies for the preservation of European Cultural Heritage 6.2 . Exploiting innovative technologies and strategic planning methodologies for the preservation of Cultural Heritage 6.3 Demonstration of integrated projects 6.3.1 Strategic Planning of Environmental Management as a tool for a Sustainable Preservation of Historic Cities a) The case of the Medieval City of Rhodes b) The case of the Venetian Fortifications of Heraklion 6.3.2 Strategic Planning of Conservation Interventions on Historic Buildings The Mela Palace in Athens’ urban centre

8. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage How can the integrated planning of Protection, conservation, and enhancement of cultural heritage contribute significantly or even play the leading part to the accomplishment of the other strategic axes and consequently to the preservation and management of a historic city ? Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Parthenon, Acropolis of Athens, photo courtesy of K. Labropoulos

10. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Non-Destructive Techniques Advanced Data Management and Assessment Research in the Protection of Cultural Heritage Evaluation of Conservation / Restoration Materials Compatibility on Monuments Scale Materials & Decay Mapping Environmental Impact Assessment Strategic Planning of Conservation Interventions Environmental Management for Sustainable Development of Historic Cities / Complexes Ultrasonics Infrared Thermography Fibre Optics Microscopy Digital Image Processing Ground Penetrating Radar Microwaves Reflectrometry Colorimetry Validation of NDT Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Electron Microscopy Thermal Analysis FTIR Spectroscopy Water Absorption Analysis Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies 6.2. Exploiting innovative technologies and strategic planning methodologies for the preservation of Cultural Heritage Integrated Data Analysis

12. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 6.3 DEMONSTRATION OF INTEGRATED PROJECTS Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies 6.3.1 STRATEGIC PLANNING OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR A SUSTAINABLE PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC CITIES 6.3.1A “THE MEDIEVAL CITY OF RHODES”

14. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Decay pathology mapping Alveolation Mixed type Crustation Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Moropoulou, A., Theoulakis, P., Chrysophakis, T., “Correlation between stone weathering and environmental factors in marine atmosphere”, Atmospheric Environment, 29, No 8 (1995) pp. 895-903

16. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Allocation of pollutants with analytical methods 5. External side of the fortification masonry between the Sea gate and the Virgin of the Castle - Alveolation 12. Intermediate Tower 1, next to the Bastion of St. George – Mixed type decay 17. Battlements of the fortification wall - Crustation Cl - anions reach maximum concentrations at the position 5 (next to the sea) and the positions of the moat (12 and 17b) oriented such that north-west winds hit the highest levels of the masonries SO 4 2- anions reach their maximum concentration at the same positions due to the heavy car traffic at these areas. In particular, the sea-facing sides are impacted by the air pollution of the nearby port and its related traffic. Positions 12 and 17b are heavily effected by the pollutants carried from the centre of the city by the northwest winds Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Moropoulou, A., Theoulakis, P., Chrysophakis, T., “Correlation between stone weathering and environmental factors in marine atmosphere”, Atmospheric Environment, 29, No 8 (1995) pp. 895-903 5 17 12

17. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Application of non-destructive techniques for decay mapping Digital Image Processing provides with the characteristic distribution of the decay types , based on the microstructural properties of the decayed stone (porosity, pore size distribution, texture) that aid in the understanding of the assigned pseudocolors Fibre Optics Microscopy provides information for the texture of the materials’ surface and is supplamental to the digital image processing technique, allowing the differentiation of decay types such as alveolation and hard carbonate crust Ultrasonics provide information on the depth of the decay and the decay type Infrared Thermography provides information on the distribution of humidity on the stone masonry surface The correlation of information obtained by non-destructive techniques allows for an integrated decay mapping Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies

18. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Advanced Data Management & Assessment Methods GIS – Overview Digital Image Processing GIS – Overview Infrared Thermographs GIS –Data management Position 5 GIS – Data management Position 12 and 17b Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Moropoulou, A., Koui, M., Kourteli, Ch., Papasotiriou, D., Theoulakis, P., Tsiourva, Th., Achilleopoulos, N., Karakantas, Ch., Romanos, A., Tokatlidou, K., Koliadis, Th., Zarifis, N., Van Grieken, R., Delalieux, F., Silva, B., Molina, E., Vicente, M.A., Vicente, S., Macri, F., Zezza, F., “Techniques and methodology for the preservation and environmental management of historic complexes - The case of the Medieval City of Rhodes”, in Proc. 4 th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, ed. A. Moropoulou, F. Zezza, E. Kollias & I. Papachristodoulou, Publ. Technical Chamber of Greece, Rhodes, Vol. 4 (1997) pp. 603-634

19. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Planning of underground water supply and sewage networks to minimize environmental impact on Monuments With the aid of a geographical information system the planning of the underground water supply and sewage networks was investigated to reveal the effect they have on the historic masonry Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Moropoulou, A., Koui, M., Kourteli, Ch., Papasotiriou, D., Theoulakis, P., Tsiourva, Th., Achilleopoulos, N., Karakantas, Ch., Romanos, A., Tokatlidou, K., Koliadis, Th., Zarifis, N., Van Grieken, R., Delalieux, F., Silva, B., Molina, E., Vicente, M.A., Vicente, S., Macri, F., Zezza, F., “ Techniques and methodology for the preservation and environmental management of historic complexes - The case of the Medieval City of Rhodes ” , in Proc. 4th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, ed. A. Moropoulou, F. Zezza, E. Kollias & I. Papachristodoulou, Publ. Technical Chamber of Greece, Rhodes, Vol. 4 (1997) pp. 603-634

20. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Planning of underground water supply and sewage networks Humidity measurements & infrared thermographs. Positions 12, 5, 6 Humidity measurements during dry season Humidity measurements during wet season Transfer of humidity from the wet region to the less humid region due to the presence of underground networks is below the critical levels Negative environmental uses such as backfills, planting and watering can increase seasonally the humidity in the masonry above the critical levels Planning of underground networks is compatible with a proper environmental management of the moat and has a negative effect only when ineffective Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Ref: Ibid Moropoulou, A., Koui, M., Avdelidis, N.P., “ Innovative strategies for the preservation of historic cities by ND monitoring techniques and GIS management of data regarding environmental impact on historic materials and structures ” , in Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Venice (2000) pp. 119-127

21. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies 6.3 DEMONSTRATION OF INTEGRATED PROJECTS 6.3.1 STRATEGIC PLANNING OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR A SUSTAINABLE PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC CITIES 6.3.1B “THE VENETIAN FORTIFICATIONS OF HERAKLION”

22. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Venetian Fortification of Heraklion – Environmental monitoring Moropoulou, Koui, Avdelidis et. als. 1999 Galati, Koui, Moropoulou, Delegou, 2000 Moropoulou, Delegou 2003 Raster map of the principal pollutants concentration (CO, O 3 , NO, NO 2 , SO 2 ) for 1997, 1998, 1999 Base map of the soluble anions concentration ( Cl - , NO 3 - , SO 4 2- ) Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies

23. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Venetian Fortification of Heraklion – Decay mapping Moropoulou, Koui, Avdelidis et. als. 1999 Galati, Koui, Moropoulou, Delegou, 2000 Moropoulou, Delegou 2003 GIS presentation of sampling points with respective IR thermographs Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Based on the results from non-destructive techniques and analytical measurements, the main decay type at the Venetian Fortification of Heraklion is alveolation due to crystallization of soluble salts GIS presentation of sampling points with respective DIP images

24. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Venetian Fortification of Heraklion – Mapping of environmental loads Base map of the soluble anions concentration ( Cl - , NO 3 - , SO 4 2- ) Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Moropoulou A., Delegou E.T., Innovative technologies and strategic planning methodology for assessing and decision making concerning preservation and management of historic cities. Proc. of the7th International Symposium of the Organization of World Heritage Cities, eds. A. Moropoulou, E. Kollias & G. Papatheodorou, Rhodes, (2003) CD-Rom Proc Cultural Uses Pollution sources Planting Athletics Salt spray sources

29. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage 6.3 DEMONSTRATION OF INTEGRATED PROJECTS Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies 6.3.2 STRATEGIC PLANNING OF CONSERVATION INTERVENTIONS ON HISTORIC BUILDINGS “MELA PALACE” IN ATHENS’ URBAN CENTRE Moropoulou A., Delegou E., Geraveli A., Michael M., Bakolas A. “Strategic planning of compatible materials and conservation interventions. The case of Mela Palace and Excelsior Hotel in Athens” 3nd National Conference on benign interventions for the protection of historic structures” Ed. Tracosopoulou K., Dousi M., Hatzitryfon N. Thessaloniki, Vol. 1 14-16 Oct (2004) pp. 341-352

30. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Mela Palace – Main Environmental Factor AutoCAD design of North Façade Main environmental impact factor: Urban - polluted atmosphere Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies

31. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Mela Palace – Materials mapping Moropoulou A., Delegou E., Geraveli A., Michael M., Bakolas A. “Strategic planning of compatible materials and conservation interventions. The case of Mela Palace and Excelsior Hotel in Athens” 3nd National Conference on benign interventions for the protection of historic structures” Ed. Tracosopoulou K., Dousi M., Hatzitryfon N. Thessaloniki, Vol. 1 14-16 Oct (2004) pp. 341-352 Materials mapping using the Integrated Information System of AutoCAD Mapping red = stuccos beige = painted plaster surfaces purple = imitations of edge cornered stones green = white marble surfaces black = grey marble surfaces Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies

32. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Mela Palace – Decay mapping Marble balcony at east façade Brown  black-grey crusts Light green  loose depositions Orange  yellow-grey crusts Aqua  washed out surfaces Part of grey marbles’ plaster at north façade Yellow  loss of authentic material Brown-red  dark coloured putty Grey  sound marble surface Dark blue  light coloured putty Management of DIP Images Marble surfaces Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Ref: Ibid

33. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Mela Palace – Decay mapping Management of DIP Images Plaster surfaces Grey marble plaster base at south façade Green  dust fall & black depositions Brown  black-grey crusts Grey  sound marble surface Aqua  washed out surface Painted plaster surfaces at west façade Green  dust fall & black depositions Aqua  washed out surface Purple  blackish depositions Pink  firm painting Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Ref: Ibid

34. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Mela Palace – Decay mapping Management of IRT Images Prof. Antonia Moropoulou – Topic 6 .4 : Innovative concepts & technologies Ref: Ibid