Signals from the brain can be processed to improve quality of human life. Such is the aim of biotechnology, to harness cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies that can improve human life. How can brain computer interface (BCI) and artificial brain achieve that?
Brain Computer Interface and Artificial Brain: Interfacing Microelectronics and the Human Visual System
1. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE AND ARTIFICIAL
BRAIN: INTERFACING MICROELECTRONICS AND THE
HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM
Mapúa Institute of Technology // 4th term, SY 2013-2014 // BIO20-1/A7
Rigor, Lady Krista V. // YANG, Reth Jeron H.
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Definition of Terms
Human Visual System
Brain Computer Interface
Artificial Brain
Summary
Final quote
Download links
3. INTRODUCTION
Biology TechnologyBiotechnology Human Eye
Brain Computer
Interface
Artificial Brain
Microelectronics
Brain Computer Interface
and Artificial Brain:
Interfacing
Microelectronics and the
Human Visual System
4. DEFINITION OF TERMS
biotechnology
technology based on biology
harnesses cellular and biomolecular
processes to develop technologies and
products that help improve our lives and
the health of our planet
used in diseases, environmental footprint,
food, energy, and industrial manufacturing
processes
5. DEFINITION OF TERMS
interface
shared boundary or connection between
two dissimilar objects, devices or systems
through which information is passed
the physical boundary between two
subsystems or devices
a part or circuit in some subsystem that
sends or receives signals to or from other
systems or subsystems
6. DEFINITION OF TERMS
electronics
a branch of physics that deals with the
emission, behavior, and effects of
electrons and with electronic devices
semiconductors: diodes, transistors
microelectronics
study and manufacture of very small
electronic designs and components
ICs
7. HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: HOW DO WE SEE?
1. Light is focused primarily by the cornea.
2. The iris controls the amount of light reaching
the back of the eye by automatically adjusting
the size of the pupil.
3. The eye's crystalline lens is located directly
behind the pupil and further focuses light. This
lens helps the eye automatically focus on near
and approaching objects.
4. The light reaches the retina which converts
optical images into electronic signals.
5. The optic nerve then transmits these signals
to the visual cortex the part of the brain
that controls our sense of sight.
12. BCI: INTRODUCTION
BCI is a system for
controlling a device such as
computer by human
intention which does not
output pathway of peripheral
nerves and muscle.
13. BCI: DESCRIPTION
It is the process of interacting between
human brain and machines such as
computer
Allow disabled patients to control a
computer by conscious changes of brain
activity
Provide a means of communication to
completely paralyzed person
Can be used to control or select
15. TYPES OF BCI
invasive
implant electrodes directly onto a
non-invasive
scanning devices that read brain
signal
16. BIONIC EYE
The first advanced prototype:
contains 98 electrodes
is capable of allowing patient to
distinguish light and dark
can help patient navigate around
large objects
could improve the quality of life for
the patients with severe mobility
and light perception issues
19. AB: DESCRIPTION
also called artificial mind and artificial
general intelligence (strong AI)
used to describe research that aims to
develop software and hardware with
cognitive abilities similar to those of the
animal or human brain
According to Markram and Kurzweil, the
whole brain simulation could be
completed around 2020
20. NEUROMORPHIC HARDWARE
DARPA SyNAPSE Program
Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable
Electronics
an electronic microprocessor system that
matches a mammalian brain in function, size,
and power consumption
a digital neurosynaptic core is used to
process neurons
memristor chip is used for simultaneous
memory storage and logic processing
21. NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATION
Blue Brain Project
attempt to reverse engineer the human brain
and recreate it at the cellular level inside a
computer simulation
goal: to gain a complete understanding of the
brain and to enable better and faster
development of brain disease treatments
may exceed human intellectual capacity by
around 2015
we will be able to download the human brain
at some time around 2050
22. NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATION
Blue Brain Project
data is acquired by taking brain slices,
placing them under microscope, and taking
needed measurements
typed by morphology/shape,
electrophysiological behaviour, location within
the cortex, and their population density
observations are translated to algorithms
simulation by NEURON
visualization by RTNeuron
Blue Gene/P supercomputer
23. RELATED RESEARCH
Google X
secretive part of Google that experiments
with ambitious future technologies
thought to include projects relating to
artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics
co-founders of Google both said that their
ultimate aim is for Google Search to become
AI-complete
Google Glass, driverless car, Majel (virtual
assistant in Android phones like Siri)
24. OTHER PROJECTS
Neuromorphic hardware
SpiNNaker Machine, BrainScaleS project,
CogniMem, Brain Corporation, Neurogrid,
Biomimetric Real-time Cortex (BioRC), MIT's
Silicon Synapse, Intel's neuromorphic hardware
Neural network simulation
Spaun, DigiCortex, OpenWorm, IBM Neural
Simulator, Synthetic Cognition at LANL
Related research
Vicarious, OpenCog, MoNETA, Neurona@Home,
Russia2045
25. IMPLICATIONS
Two things can only
happen:
Quality of life will be
greatly improved
Robots might take over
the world
26. SUMMARY
Biotechnology harnesses cellular and
biomolecular processes to develop
technologies and products that help improve
our lives and the health of our planet.
processes before we can see using our eyes.
BCI using signals from the brain. Bionic eye is
created using BCI.
There are still ongoing projects on forming
artificial brain. Once completed, it could either
be constructive or destructive to human life.
27. FINAL QUOTE
Everything we do, every thought we've
ever had, is produced by the human
brain. But exactly how it operates
remains one of the biggest unsolved
mysteries, and it seems the more we
probe its secrets, the more surprises we
find.
Neil deGrasse Tyson