Leo McCloskey, Vice President of Marketing at Echodyne, gave this presentation at Forth's networking event on May 15, 2019.

1. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.
The Road to
Autonomous
Connected
Electric
Shared
Vehicles
Is not this idyllic open road

2. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.
ACES .. to get you Places
You can’t see through this windshield very well – how can the machine?

3. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.5/22/2019 3
https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+machine+perception&oq=what+is+machine+perce&aqs=chrome.0.0j69i5
7j0l2.2870j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Machine Perception is The Goal

4. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.5/22/2019 4
PERCEIVE DECIDE ACT
Cameras
GPS/IMU
Drive Control
Actuation
State Estimation &
Extrapolation
Driving Decisions
Lidars
Databased Models
Fusion
Engine
CV, EV, AV, Shared – Uneven Collaboration
4
Analysis & Decisions
Control Loop Analogy:
Radar
Many/most AV references ignore Connected, don’t think about Electric, but are obsessed with Shared

5. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.5/22/2019 5
PERCEIVE DECIDE ACT
Cameras
GPS/IMU
Drive Control
Actuation
State Estimation &
Extrapolation
Driving Decisions
Sensor Analysis
& Decisions
Health Monitoring
Lidars
Ultrasonic
Radars
V2V/I/P
High Res 3D Maps
Offboard Services
Fusion
Engine
Vehicle sensors flow large streams of data to Fusion and
Decision, continuously, in ONE direction

6. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.5/22/2019 6
Biological Analogy
Human drivers handle new & unexpected scenarios all the time
Mark I Eyeball
Control - Data
Loop
Attention: Where resources are being
applied at a moment in time
Reaction: A re-allocation of attention in
response to input and data analysis
Why? Even a sensor as impressive as the eye cannot simultaneously
acquire all the data about surroundings.
Even a processor as powerful as the brain cannot
simultaneously process all the data about the surroundings.
eye-tracking attention

7. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.5/22/2019 7
The AV, like a human, needs to interrogate its environment
The sensor stack must be task-able, invokable
It must be able to interrogate its environment
PERCEIVE DECIDE ACT
Cameras
GPS/IMU
Drive Control
Actuation
State Estimation &
Extrapolation
Driving Decisions
Sensor Analysis
& Decisions
Health Monitoring
Lidars
Ultrasonic
V2V/I/P
High Res 3D Maps
Offboard Services
Fusion
Engine
Echodyne Radar

8. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.5/22/2019 8
Senses
Vision:
• Radar
• Lidar
• Camera
• Ultrasonic
Memory
Maps:
• Hourly-updated
high res 3D
Repetition:
• Pattern behavior
Hearing:
• V2V
• V2I
• I2V
• Offboard
Services
https://designboom.com/art/olaf-mooij-braincar/
The Ultimate ACES Vehicle!
Power
Electric, from clean
energy sources,
230+ mile range

9. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.5/22/2019 9
But .. Do ACES Vehicles create an ACES System?
Are we aiming for:
Maximizing efficiency in a multi-modal
transportation system?
- And / Or -
Making the most efficient vehicle
for the roadway infrastructure?
Clean, Smart
Vehicular Transportation
Autonomous Ground Vehicles
Connected Ground Vehicles
Electric Ground Vehicles
Shared Ground Vehicles

10. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.5/22/2019 10
“As drivers, humans are incredibly inefficient at driving
and navigating due to poor decision making, distractions
and our, often, emotional responses when sitting behind
the wheel and interacting with our surroundings. It is not
my intention to offend anyone, even if you possess a
driver skill equal to Lewis Hamilton.”
Rethinking The Consequences Of Technology Disruption
Disruption, 18 June 2018 , Jonathan Carrier
https://disruptionhub.com/rethinking-technology-disruption-jonathan-carrier-car-industry-2196/
Can Human and Machine Share the Road?

11. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.
• How do you honk at an ACES vehicle?
• If you don’t think this is important, you’ve never driven in Chicago, Manhattan,
Philadelphia, or Boston
• What is the following distance between vehicles?
• Too closely, and it triggers passive-aggressive lead-driver responses
• Too far, and it creates open space for human drivers
• Humans in a rules-based system
• How will an ACES handle a zipper merge with human drivers?
• How many people exceeded the posted speed limit at some point in the last 3 days?
• How many people became frustrated that a vehicle ahead was moving too slowly for
conditions?
• Can an ACES pass on the right side? Will all ACES line up behind the slowest driver in the
left lane?
• A transportation network system is defined by the efficient handline of origin-
destination pairs with modal and temporal awareness
• Where is the network effect?
• The value of the network (system) is the square of the users, or is Metcalfe’s Law only for
bits?
Bumps on the road to an ACES Transportation System

12. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.
To Achieve The Goal of Autonomous Transportation
Humans Should Give Up Driving Entirely

13. Copyright © 2019 Echodyne Corp. All rights reserved.
Thank You
Leo McCloskey
15 May 2019
ACES