The document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS in India, focusing on what is known and what further data is needed for evidence-based decision making. It discusses HIV prevalence and risk factors in southern and northeastern states. While some data exists on high-risk groups like female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and injecting drug users, more systematic data collection is needed to better understand trends over time and inform targeted prevention programs. A rights-based, evidence-informed approach is critical to effectively address HIV in India.