This document discusses different types of brain waves and neural oscillations, including their frequencies and functions. It provides information on alpha, delta, theta, mu, beta, and gamma waves. Key points include: - Different types of brain waves are associated with different cognitive states, like relaxation vs concentration. They facilitate processes like memory and perception. - Neural oscillations occur throughout the nervous system and can be measured by EEG. Their synchronization is linked to cognitive functions. - Frequencies of gamma oscillations route information flow in the hippocampus. The brain uses different wave frequencies to transmit different kinds of information between regions.

1. MUSIC THERAPY-MY TAIK
EMAN YOUSSIF

2. THE CONTENT
Types of wave length in the brain
Therapy with wave length music

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=OI-Dx7wGEFI

4. If u turn on radio wave lengh
headphone and computer recorder
u listen by 2 ears
if u had a 400 HZ tone in one ear
if u had 404 HZ in the other
u wouid receive a third tone of 4 HZ

5. Neural oscillations
Neural oscillations are observed throughout
the central nervous system and at all levels,
e.g., spike trains, local field potentials and
large-scale oscillations which can be
measured by electroencephalography

6. Neural oscillations and synchronization have been linked to
many cognitive functions such as information transfer,
perception, motor control and memory

7. Neurons can generate rhythmic
patterns of action potentials or
spikes. Some types of neurons
have the tendency to fire at
particular frequencies, so-called
resonators

8. Oscillatory activity can also be
observed in the form of
subthreshold membrane potential
oscillations (i.e. in the absence of
action potentials).[9] If numerous
neurons spike in synchrony, they
can give rise to oscillations in local
field potentials (LFPs)

9. The functions of neural oscillations are wide ranging
and vary for different types of oscillatory activity.
Examples are the generation of rhythmic activity such
as a heartbeat and the neural binding of sensory
features in perception, such as the shape and color of
an object. Neural oscillations also play an important
role in many neurological disorders, such as excessive
synchronization during seizure activity in epilepsy or
tremor in patients with Parkinson's disease. Oscillatory
activity can also be used to control external devices in
brain-computer interfaces, in which subjects can
control an external device by changing the amplitude of
particular brain rhythmics

10. Neurons generate action potentials resulting from changes in the
electric membrane potential. Neurons can generate multiple
action potentials in sequence forming so-called spike trains.
These spike trains are the basis for neural coding and
information transfer in the brain. Spike trains can form all kinds
of patterns, such as rhythmic spiking and bursting, and often
display oscillatory activity
Microscopic

13. Alpha wave
Alpha waves are neural oscillations in the
frequency range of 8–13 Hz arising from
synchronous and coherent
predominantly originate from the occipital
lobe during wakeful relaxation with closed
eyes.

14. The second occurrence of alpha
wave activity is during REM sleep.
As opposed to the awake form of
alpha activity, this form is located
in a frontal-central location in the
brain

15. Delta wave
A delta wave is a high amplitude brain wave with
a frequency of oscillation between 0–4 hertz.
usually associated with the deepest stages of sleep (3 NREM),
also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS), and aid in characterizing
the depth of sleep
Delta waves can arise either in the thalamus or in the cortex.
When associated with the thalamus
Delta activity stimulates the release of several hormones,
including growth hormone releasing hormone GHRH and
prolactin (PRL). GHRH is released from the hypothalamus, which
in turn stimulates release of growth hormone from the pituitary.

16. Theta rhythm
Cortical theta rhythms" are low-frequency
components of scalp EEG, usually recorded
from humans
in the 4–7 Hz range, regardless of their
source. Cortical theta is observed frequently
in young children. In older children and
adults, it tends to appear during meditative,
drowsy, or sleeping states, but not during
the deepest stages of sleep

17. mu wave
repeat at a frequency of 8–13 Hz and are most
prominent when the body is physically at rest
Mu waves are thought to be indicative of an
infant’s developing ability to imitate. This is
important because the ability to imitate plays a
vital role in the development of motor skills,
tool use, and understanding causal information
through social interaction

18. The right fusiform gyrus, left
inferior parietal lobule, right
anterior parietal cortex, and left
inferior frontal gyrus are of
particular interest

19. Beta wave
Beta wave, or beta rhythm, is the term used to designate the frequency
range of human brain activity between 12 and 30 Hz (12 to 30 transitions or
cycles per second). Beta waves are split into three sections: Low Beta
Waves (12.5-16 Hz, "Beta 1 power"); Beta Waves (16.5–20 Hz, "Beta 2
power"); and High Beta Waves (20.5-28 Hz, "Beta 3 power").[1] Beta states
are the states associated with normal waking consciousness

20. Low amplitude beta waves with multiple and varying frequencies
are often associated with active, busy, or anxious thinking and
active concentration.[2]
Over the motor cortex beta waves are associated with the
muscle contractions that happen in isotonic movements and are
suppressed prior to and during movement changes.[3] Bursts of
beta activity are associated with a strengthening of sensory
feedback in static motor control and reduced when there is
movement change.[4] Beta activity is increased when movement
has to be resisted or voluntarily suppressed.[5] The artificial
induction of increased beta waves over the motor cortex by a
form of electrical stimulation called Transcranial alternatingcurrent stimulation consistent with its link to isotonic contraction
produces a slowing of motor movements

21. Gamma wave
A gamma wave is a pattern of neural
oscillation in humans with a frequency
between 25 and 100 Hz,[1] though 40 Hz is
typical.[2]
According to a popular theory, gamma waves
may be implicated in creating the unity of
conscious perception (the binding problem

22. Frequency of gamma oscillations routes flow of information in the
hippocampus

23. think of your brain like a radio: You’re turning the knob to find
your favourite station, but the knob jams, and you’re stuck
listening to something that’s in between stations. It’s a
frustrating combination that makes it quite hard to get an update
on swine flu while a Michael Jackson song wavers in and out.
Staying on the right frequency is the only way to really hear what
you’re after. In much the same way, the brain’s nerve cells are
able to “tune in” to the right station to get exactly the
information they need, says researcher Laura Colgin, who was
the paper’s first author. “Just like radio stations play songs and
news on different frequencies, the brain uses different
frequencies of waves to send different kinds of information,” she
says.

24. Colgin and her colleagues measured brain waves in rats, in three
different parts of the hippocampus, which is a key memory
center in the brain. While listening in on the rat brain wave
transmissions, the researchers started to realize that there might
be something more to a specific sub-set of brain waves, called
gamma waves. Researchers have thought these waves are linked
to the formation of consciousness, but no one really knew why
their frequency differed so much from one region to another and
from one moment to the next.

25. information is carried on top of gamma waves, just like songs are
carried by radio waves. These “carrier waves” transmit
information from one brain region to another. “We found that
there are slow gamma waves and fast gamma waves coming
from different brain areas, just like radio stations transmit on
different frequencies,” she says.
You really can “be on the same wavelength”

26. We investigated how gamma waves in particular were involved
in communication across cell groups in the hippocampus. What
we found could be described as a radio-like system inside the
brain. The lower frequencies are used to transmit memories of
past experiences, and the higher frequencies are used to convey
what is happening where you are right now.”

27. If you think of the example of the jammed radio, the way to hear
what you want out of the messy signals would be to listen really
hard for the latest news while trying to filter out the unwanted
music. The hippocampus does this more efficiently. It simply
tunes in to the right frequency to get the station it wants. As the
cells tune into the station they’re after, they are actually able to
filter out the other station at the same time, because its signal is
being transmitted on a different frequency.

28. References:
http://www.meditationiseasy.com/in
stant_meditation/brain_waves_frequ
encies.php