I gave this talk at the 'Digital Twin Conference' hosted by LH Corp at COEX, Seoul on August 8th, 2019. Abstract: 'Digital Twin' is a digital replication of real world objects, processes, phenomena that can be used for various purposes. Digital twin concept backs to manufacturing industry in early 2000s for the PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) purposes. It is based on the idea that a digital informational construct about a physical system could be created as an entity on its own. Definitions of digital twin emphasize the three important levels or characteristics. At first, there should be connection between real physical world and corresponding virtual world. To do this, Level 1 digital twin provides virtual 3D models. Secondly, this connection between real world and virtual world is established by generating (near) real time data using sensors or IoT. This is called Level 2 digital twin. Thirdly, Level 3 digital twin carries out certain analyses, predictions, and simulations using virtual 3D and (near) real time data. ‘Smart Spaces’ are interactive environments where humans and technology can openly communicate with each other in a physical or digital setting. Examples of smart spaces include smart cities, smart factories, and smart homes. ‘Smart Spaces’ is one of Garner’s Top 10 Tech Trends for 2019. As spaces are going through digital transformation with 4th industrial revolution, there are many attempts to apply digital twin technology to manage urban, spatial, and industrial issues around the world. Those attempts look set to play an increasingly important role in the creation of smart cities, smart factories, and smart homes. Bringing the virtual and real worlds together in this way can help to give better analysis, visualization, and simulation to the decision-making process. This will be a multi-way process with iterative feedback among stakeholders. In this talk, I'll share my real experiences in carrying out digital twin and smart space projects. Also I’ll talk about what I’ve learnt from these projects.

1. Digital Twin and Smart Spaces
Sanghee Shin(shshin@gaia3d.com)
8th August 2019

2. Digital Twin
Digital Twins
A digital twin is a virtual representation of a physical object or system across its
lifecycle, using real-time data to enable understanding, learning and reasoning.

3. Origin of Digital Twin
Concept: Digital Informational Construct
Vision: Create, Test, Build
<Source: Dr. Michael Grieves, University of Michigan, Lurie Engineering Center, Dec 3, 2001>

4. Analog(?) Twin

5. Examples of Digital Twin
<Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7DqoX9PrnY>

6. Examples of Digital Twin
<Source: http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27299017>

7. Levels of Digital Twin
Level 1
3D Modeling &
Visualization
Level 2
Real-time Monitoring
Level 3
Analysis, Prediction
Optimization
<Source: Use the IoT Platform Reference Model to Plan Your IoT Business Solutions, Gartner>

8. Smart City as a Digital Twin

9. The Rise of Digital Twins in Smart Cities
<Source: https://www.smartcitiesworld.net/special-reports/special-reports/the-rise-of-digital-twins-in-smart-cities>

10. Smart Spaces
Smart Space
Smart spaces are not some sort of virtual reality, but rather physical environments
decked out with technology. They are implemented with monitors and sensors that
enable humans and integrated technological systems to interact.

11. Examples of Smart Spaces
Smart Home
Smart Factory
Smart Hospital
Smart Office
Smart AirportSmart City
Smart Mall
Smart Station

12. Digital Twin + Smart Spaces
Real World
VR/AR
Data
Virtual
World
Cyber Physical
System
Smart
Spaces
Realtime
Monitoring
Digital
Twin Analysis, Simulation,
Optimization
Digital
Modeling

13. Bottle Neck
Point
Cloud
Drone
Image
IoT
CAD
Live
Data
Satellite
Image
Autonomous
Cars
GIS
BIM
CityGML
Bottle Neck!

14. Introduction – mago3D
mago3D is a platform for …
Visualizing massive and complex 3D objects including BIM
on a web browser
1
Seamless integration of BIM/AEC and 3D GIS in a single space2
Web based collaborative issue/process management4
‘Digital Twin’ that can create parallel worlds in a virtual reality
with numerous IoT, sensor data
3
= 3D + Web + Open Source
http://www.mago3d.com

15. mago3D runs on any device
Introduction – mago3D

16. Results: BIM(Indoor/Outdoor) Integration
Seamless integration of indoor and outdoor space
on the same platform
Scene from indoor to outdoor through windows Scene from outdoor to indoor through windows

17. Results: AEC Integration
Integration of large size AEC and 3D GIS on a web browser

18. Results: CityGML Integration
Integration of large size CityGML and 3D GIS on a web browser

19. Results: Point Cloud Integration
Integration of large size Point Cloud and 3D GIS on a web browser

20. Results: OGC WPS Integration
Integration of OGC Web Processing Service

21. Cases – Digital Twin based Ship Building Monitoring
Yards
Cranes
Office Buildings
Factories
Docks
BlocksShips
Smart Welding Machine Virtual Yard on Web Browser!
1,500 EA25 EA250 EA75 EA
25 EA
15,000 EA 1,700 EA
3 EA
• Project Name: Ship Building Management System
• 3D Models in Service

22. Cases – Seoul C-ITS
• Project Name: Seoul Autonomous Vehicle Monitoring and Command Center

23. Cases – KOPRI(Korea Polar Research Institute)
• Project Name: King Sejong Antarctica Research Base Facility Management System

24. Cases – National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan

25. Cases – OpenIndoorMap Project

26. Cases – Others

27. Lessons Learnt
• Benefits of Digital Twin and Smart Spaces are still unclear.
• Fit-for-purpose or relevant data is important.
• Visualizing large and complex objects is still challenging.
• Many clients just want to see *PRETTY* picture!
• 2D/3D analysis, 2D/3D simulation are among wish list that clients want to see.
• It’s still doubtful how 3D gives any real benefits over 2D.
• 3D is expensive and Digital Twin is more expensive!
• Standards are not widely accepted across industries.
• Standard based modular and distributed architecture is very important for extensible system.

28. In Future
{Indoor, Outdoor}
{Static, Dynamic}
{Objects, Phenomena}
{Overground, Underground}
{Multi-Sensor, Multi-Source}

29. Thank you!
33
Sanghee Shin
shshin@gaia3d.com