LNG factbook 2021 2022

FACTBOOK
2021-2022
2010 20
1999
Contents
From the
Editor

Lubes’n’Greases Factbook 2021-2022
www.LubesnGreases.com © 2021-2022 LNG Publishing Company, Inc. 2
Welcome to the 13th annual Lubes’n’Greases Factbook.
If you purchased last year’s edition, you’ll be familiar
with the new, digital format, which allows you to find
what you need quickly and easily. The table of contents
design and subsection pages give a clear and organized
picture of what’s inside, and navigation tabs across each
page ensure you never get lost. Just click on the section
or item you want to see, and your PDF viewer will jump
directly to that page. Still not sure where to look? Run a
quick text search.
This timely reference captures essential industry statis-
tics and trends in lubricants, base oils and additives for
global and regional markets. A mainstay in the Factbook,
the engine oil timeline has been updated, along with vis-
cosity grade forecasts and an overview of global quality
assurance programs. We’ve also added to the Additives
and Engine Oil sections.
Just as last year’s Factbook did, this edition takes a
broader view of the industry and includes facts and
figures from different regions around the globe. In the
Finished Lubricants section, for example, check out Page
23 for Japan’s domestic lubricant sales numbers.
Our thanks go to the companies and consultants who
have shared data with us for this edition, including
experts from Kline & Co., Infineum International, IMR
Research, Wards Intelligence, the American Chemistry
Council, the Petroleum Quality Institute of America and
many more.
Our goal is to answer the questions that our editors hear
most often. If you have suggestions for next year’s edi-
tion, please get in touch at LubesnGreases.com/
contact-us. You can get more copies at LubesnGreases.
com/factbook
Also, don’t forget to subscribe to Lubes’n’Greases
magazine. For over 25 years, Lubes’n’Greases has
covered the issues that matter most to the industry.
Subscribe to knowledge and receive the most accurate,
insightful industry content on the market. Get 10% off
when you subscribe online today at LubesnGreases.com/
subscribe
Sydney Moore
Managing Editor
Sydney@LubesnGreases.com
Will Beverina
Assistant Editor
Ricardo Lianez
Director of Creative
Michele Persaud
Director of Data &Technology
Another Year, Another Factbook
From the Editor
Contents Lubes 101 Base Oils Additives
Finished
Lubes
Mergers &
Acquisitions Engine Oil ATF
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Contents
Understand the basics of the
lubricants industry, from base
oil groups to principal additive
chemistries.
Lubes 101
4
Consolidation is an ongoing trend
in the lubricants industry, and a
year’s worth of activity proves it.
Mergers & Acquisitions
28
Explore lubricating grease
production by region and
thickener type.
Quality is top priority for lube
manufacturers. Use this guide
to prove your product makes the
grade.
Grease
Quality Assurance
Programs
40 41
Get a picture of global base oil
production capacity, regional trade
flows, pricing and demand.
Base Oils
8
Key performance parameters,
viscosity trends and market
segmentation for passenger car
and heavy-duty motor oils.
Engine Oil
31
Global additive demand broken
down by type and use, plus U.S.
market volumes.
Additives
19
Learn about the complicated
automatic transmission fluid
market in the United States.
ATF
38
Worldwide and regional snapshots
of sales volumes and profits for
finished lubricants.
Finished Lubes
22
The rise of electric vehicles
has been called a threat to the
lubricants industry, but how much
of a disruption will EVs be?
Electric Vehicles
39
Finished
Lubes
Mergers &
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

How Much Lubricant in a Barrel of Crude Oil?

5
API Base Oil Group Definitions
What are Group II+ and III+?

6
Principal Additive Chemistries
Additive Treat Levels

7
Base Oil Additives
Lubes 101
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

How Much Lubricant in a Barrel of Crude Oil?
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
19.4 gallons gasoline
12.5 gallons diesel/home heating oil
4.4 gallons kerosene-type jet fuel
2.1 gallons coke
1.6 gallons still gas
1.5 gallons liquefied refinery gases
0.9 gallons heavy, residual fuel oils
0.8 gallon asphalt and road oil
0.5 gallon petrochemical feedstocks
0.4 gallon lubricants
0.4 gallon other
42-gallon barrel of crude
0.4 GALLON LUBRICANTS
Thanks to “processing gains” at U.S. refineries, a 42-gallon
barrel of crude oil (approximately 0.14 metric tons) makes
about 44.6 gallons of products. But very little of it is
lubricants.
Lubes 101
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

API GROUP SULFUR % WT. SATURATES % VISCOSITY INDEX TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Group I 0.03 And/or 90 80-119
Marine, industrial, process oils, older passenger car motor oils
Group II 0.03 And 90 80-119 Industrial, 10W-XX passenger car motor oils, 15W-XX heavy-duty
diesel engine oils
Group III 0.03 And 90 120 0W-XX and 5W-XX PCMO and HDMO
Group IV 0.03 All Polyalphaolefins (PAOs) PCMO and industrial
Group V All base stocks not in Group I-IV (napthenics, non-PAO synthetics) Process oils, transformer oils, industrial lubricants, gear oils, transmission
fluids, compressor oils, engine oils
API Definitions
Source: Lubes’n’Greases research; PetroleumTrends International; Shell Lubricants; SK Lubricants; ExxonMobil
What are Group II+ and III+?
Industry-established “categories” originally developed to describe base oil suitable for SAE 10W-XX and 5W-XX multi-
grade motor oil blending. They are marketing terms, not official API definitions.
•
Group II+ is generally recognized as referring to Group II oils with viscosity index of 112 to 119 and Group III+
as referring to Group III oils with VI of 130 or greater.
•
Viscosity grades are tailored to making passenger car motor oils.
•
More recently, companies have begun marketing Group I+. The same principal of higher-end viscosity index applies.
Base oil makes the finished lubricants
world go round, making up anywhere from
60%–98% of typical formulations.
Created more than 25 years ago, the
American Petroleum Institute’s base oil
groups are the global standard and were
established largely to aid in base oil
interchange for automotive engine oils.
In addition to the sulfur and saturates
content and viscosity index that define
the API group, base stock marketers often
provide data on several other parameters,
like flash and pour points, viscosity and
color.
With modern base stocks falling more
along a spectrum rather than into distinct
categories, some industry players believe
the system is now outdated and needs to
be updated.
Lubes 101: Base Oil
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Additive Treat Levels
Highest Additive Treat Rates
Automotive Engine Oils
Industrial Oils
Soluble Metalworking Fluids
Grease
Base oil 75%

Additive package, V.I. improvers,
other inhibitors 25%
Base oil 98%

Additives (rust oxidation, V.I. improver,
antiwear, antifoam, etc.) 2%
Base fluids 60%

Additives (emulsifier, lubricity, EP,
corr. inhibitors, biocides, etc.) 40%
Base oil 80%
Thickener 10%

Additives (EP, antiwear, antioxidants,
corr. inhibitors, solid) 10%
Sources: Chevron Corp., Afton Chemical
Principal Additive Chemistries
The following table outlines the various functions additives perform in lubricants, as well as
their mode of action and some of the principal chemical types used. Additives have one of three
general functions: protection of metallic surfaces, modification of finished oil properties or
protection of base stocks.
FUNCTION MODE OF ACTION KEY CHEMICAL TYPES
Dispersants Chelation of insolubles Alkyl Succinimides, Alkyl Succinates, Alkyl Phenol Amines
Detergents Surfactancy and micelle formation Alkyl Metallic Sulfonates, Alkyl Metallic Phenates, Alkyl
Metallic Salicylates
Antiwear
Formation of low-friction species
on metal surfaces
Metallic Organo Dithiophosphates, Sulfurized Organics
Antioxidants
Oxidation chain inhibitors,
peroxide decomposers
Metallic Organo Dithiophosphates, Alkyl Metallic
Sulfonates
Anti-corrosion Metal surface protection Alkyl Phenols, Alkyl Amines, Metallic Organo
Dithiophosphates
Antifoam
Reduction of surface tension Silicones, Polymeric Acrylates
Demulsifier Separate water from oil Ethoxylated or Propoxylated Polyamines or Polyols
Friction Modifier Reduces surface roughness to
facilitate oil flow
Sulfurized Organics, Specific Metallic Salts of Sulfurized
and Phosphor-sulfurized Organics
Pour Point
Depressants
Modifies wax structures in oil to
improve low-temperature flow
Poly Methacrylates, Naphthalene Derivatives
Viscosity Index Im-
provers or Modifiers
Differential temperature-related
solubility in oil
Poly Methacrylates, Ethylene-propylene Copolymers
Extreme Pressure
(EP)
Formation of low-melting
compounds on surfaces
Sulfurized Fats and Oils, Organo-phosphorus Compounds
Source: Lubes’n’Greases
Additives make up varying proportions of finished lubricants. Metalworking fluids tend
to contain the most, at 10%–40% by volume of the formulated product. Automotive en-
gine oils follow with 15%–25% additives, and grease contains anywhere from 0%–10%.
Industrial oils rely heavily on the quality of their base oil, with many using 2% additives
at most.
Lubes 101: Additives
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Shifts in Global Base Oil Capacity
North American Base Oil Capacity Shifts

9
World’s Largest Base Oil Refineries

10
Capacity
Global Base Oil Capacity vs. Production

U.S. Refinery Production of Paraffinic and
Naphthenic Base Oils

U.S. Production of Base Oils Over Time

12
Production
Annual U.S. Imports Exports of Base Oils

Top Destinations of U.S. Exports

Top Sources of U.S. Imports

14
Trade
European Base Oil Crude Prices

U.S. Base Oil Crude Prices

13
Pricing
Rerefined Base Oil Capacity by Region

Rerefined Base Oil Capacity by API
Group

16
Rerefined

Synthetic Base Oils Demand Growth
by Region

Share of Demand by Synthetic Base
Stock Type

17
Synthetics
Plant or Capacity Closings

11
South Korean Base Oil Exports

15 Global PAO Capacity

18
Base Oils
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Source for all: Lubes’n’Greases research
By API Group Group I
Group II
Group III
Naphthenic
Shifts in Global Base Oil Capacity
By Region Africa
Americas
Asia Pacific
Europe
Middle East
2011
Total (b/d):
935,860
2011
Total (b/d):
935,860
31%
2%
4%
24%
39%
2021
Total (b/d):
1,222,690
26%
1%
8%
19%
46%
2021
Total (b/d):
1,222,690
37%
9%
14%
40%
2011
Total (b/d):
935,860
57%
9%
7%
27%
North American Base Oil Capacity Shifts
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
9
2
0
1
1
2
0
1
3
2
0
1
5
2
0
1
7
2
0
1
9
2
0
2
1
Group I Group II Group III Naphthenics
49.9
44.5
6.3
166.8
62.7
49.9
49.9
49.9
Total
280.3
Total
261.5 000 Barrels/Day
Asian base oil capacity has soared in the past decade. This growth can be partly
attributed to China’s share of global base oil capacity doubling in the past 10 years.
At this rate, it is on track to close the gap with the United States, which accounts for
about 80% of North America’s capacity.
Even more dramatic has been the shift away from API Group I capacity to Group II,
which is now widely considered the workhorse base oil type. The shift began in North
America more than 20 years ago, with Group II capacity more than doubling since 1999
and Group I shrinking by more than 50%.
Base Oils: Capacity
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

World’s Largest Base Oil Refineries
2021 RANK 2020 RANK COMPANY LOCATION CAPACITY (B/D)
1 1 S-Oil South Korea - Onsan 42,800
2 2 Motiva U.S. - Port Arthur, Texas 40,300
3 3 ExxonMobil Singapore - Jurong 31,900
Tie - 4 Tie - 4 Shandong Qingyuan China - Zibo 28,000
Tie - 4 Tie - 4 Shell-Qatar Petroleum Qatar - Ras Laffan 28,000
6 6 ExxonMobil U.S. - Baytown, Texas 27,000
Tie - 7 Tie - 7 GS-Caltex South Korea - Yeosu 26,000
Tie - 7 Tie - 7 SK Lubricants South Korea - Ulsan 26,000
Tie - 9 Tie - 9 Chevron U.S. - Pascagoula, Miss. 25,000
Tie - 9 Tie - 9 Ergon U.S. - Vicksburg, Miss. 25,000
Tie - 9 Hyundai OilBank-Shell South Korea - Seosan-si 25,000
Source: Lubes’n’Greases 2021 Global Base Stock Plant Guide
BASE STOCK
PLANT DATA
Base Stock Plant Data provides you with the latest plant capacity data globally
and regionally, capacity trends, insights into additions/closures of plants and
more. Get the complete view of base stock plants.
LubesnGreases.com/basestockplantdata
The world’s 11 largest base oil refineries account for
over a quarter of the world’s base oil capacity. With the
exception of Shell’s gas-to-liquids joint venture with
Qatar Petroleum, all of these powerhouse plants are
located in either the United States or Asia, and nearly
three-quarters of their capacity is API Group II.
South Korea’s Hyundai OilBank-Shell made its way
onto the list this year, upping its API Group II capacity
to 25,000 barrels per day from the 20,000 b/d it could
produce in 2020.
Base Oils: Capacity
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Plant or Capacity Closings
COMPANY LOCATION SIZE (B/D)
2021
Galp Portugal 150,000 Group I
2020
2019
LyondellBasell U.S. 4,600 Group II/
Naphthenic
2018
Imperial Oil Canada 2,400 Group I
2017
Avista Oil Denmark 800 Group I
2016
ExxonMobil U.S. 10,000 Group I
Gunvor (ex. Kuwait Petrol.) Netherlands 4,650 Group I
Shell Netherlands 7,250 Group I
2015
Colas (ex. ExxonMobil) France 6,600 Gp. I/III
Lukoil Russia 5,500 Group I
Oil Ministries North Ref. Iraq 2,500 Group I
Samir Morocco 2,500 Group I
Shandong Quishing China 2,750 Group I
Sinopec China 1,000 Group I
Total France (partial) 5,000 Group I
2014
Azerneftyag Azerbaijan (partial) 8,000 Group I
CPC-Shell Taiwan 5,400 Group I
Safor South Africa 3,000 Group I
Source: Lubes’n’Greases research
Nearly all of the base oil capacity taken offline over the
past decade has been API Group I. While the grade still
has a firm place in the finished lubricants market, it is
slowly being pushed out by Group II stocks, which can
often be less expensive. This rationalization is expected
to continue.
Base Oils: Capacity
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Global Base Oil Capacity vs. Production
Source: Kline Co.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Nameplate
Capacity
Calendar Day
Capacity
Production
2020
Production
2019
000
Barrels/Day
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
U.S. Refinery Production Volumes, Paraffinic and
Naphthenic Base Oils
Paraffinic
Naphthenic
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
60.1 62.0
57.5
59.8 60.5
65.4
60.5
65.0
67.2
60.9
55.6
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Million
Barrels
U.S. Production of Base Oils Over Time
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
50
60
70
80
Million
Barrels
1998 2001 2006 2011 2016 2020
Base oil plants’ nameplate capacity is nearly always more than a plant actually pro
duces in any given year. According to Kline, actual production sunk from 84% of
calendar day capacity in 2010 to 78% in 2019. Despite being affected by the COVID-19
pandemic in 2020, production rose slightly to 80% of calendar day capacity last year.
While the United States hasn’t followed the exact trajectory of this global pattern, base
oil production was down in 2019 even before the coronavirus took hold of the econo
my. In 2020, despite a recovery in the latter half of the year, U.S. base oil production
hit a ten-year low, and industry insiders believe that volumes may have reached their
zenith in 2018.
Base Oils: Production
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

U.S. Base Oil Crude Prices
Base oil prices are lowest postings for mid-vis grade for each category before any discount.
Sources for all: Lubes’n’Greases research, U.S. Energy Information Administration
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jul
2020
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
2021
Price
(U.S.
$/gallon)
West Texas Crude Group I Group II Group III
European Base Oil Crude Prices
European base oil prices are the median of ranges gleaned from Lubes’n’Greases research. Group I values are FOB prices for exports from
the region. Group II values are on an FCA basis. Group III values are for oils with full slates of finished lubricant approvals on an FCA basis.
Group I (SN150) Group II (150/220N) Group III (6 cst) Brent Crude
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Price
(U.S.
$/mt)
Jul
2020
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
2021
Base Oil Pricing Data provides you with accurate, high-quality base oil
pricing data from the U.S., Europe, and Asia including historic data from
currency type to base oil types. BaseOilPrices.com
BASE OIL PRICING
DATA
The price of crude plummeted in March and April 2020 after pandemic-induced lock-
downs quashed demand for most transportation fuels. Base oil prices also took a dive
but recovered somewhat over the summer months.
Base oil and crude pricing in the U.S. in 2021 followed a different storyline; prices for
crude and Group I, II and III oils steadily rose through July 2021. While crude pricing in
Europe more or less stayed on an upward slope, base oil prices were more erratic.
Base Oils: Pricing
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Source for all: U.S. Energy Information Administration
Top Sources of U.S. Base Oil Imports
2020 Total: 13.2 Million Barrels
South Korea 25%
Qatar 22%
Canada 19%
Rest of World 15%
U.A.E. 11%
Indonesia 8%
Top Destinations of U.S. Base Oil Exports
2020 Total: 35 Million Barrels
Mexico 31%
Rest of the World 22%
Central Rest of
South America 15%
Belgium 12%
Brazil 12%
Canada 8%
Annual U.S. Imports Exports of Base Oils
0
10
20
30
40
50
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Imports Exports
Million
Barrels
U.S. base oil imports fell 20% to 13.2 million barrels in 2020, most of which were
delivered from South Korea, Qatar and Canada. This steep drop can at least partly be
attributed to the drop in demand spurred by pandemic-induced lockdowns around the
globe.
Exports also saw a decline, dropping 8% to 35 million barrels in 2020. Production was
stunted during the height of the pandemic, and several hurricanes along the Gulf Coast
may also be to blame for the lack of available export volumes.
Base Oils: Trade
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

South Korean Base Oil Exports
Top Destinations
Pumping Up the Volume
Source: Korea Customs Service
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
India China U.S.A
000
Metric
Tons
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
000
Metric
Tons
South Korea is among the world’s largest exporters of base oil, shipping out more
than 4.3 million metric tons in 2020. Nearly 60% of that capacity is API Group III and
about 40% is Group II. More than half of those exports go to India, China or the United
States, which have been the top export destinations for South Korean base oils for
quite some time.
Base Oils: Trade
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Rerefined Base Oil Capacity by Region, 2020
Total: 5.1 million tons

Rerefined Base Oil Capacity by API Group, 2020
Source for all: Kline Co.
Asia-Pacific 46%
South America 6%
Europe 16%
Middle East Africa 11%
North America 21%
Group I 71%
Group II 27%
Group III 2%
Less than a quarter of the world’s lubricants are rerefined after use, Kline estimates.
Modern used oil refineries yield about 70% base oil from used motor oil feedstock.
The United States is the largest country producer of rerefined base stocks by volume,
followed by China. About 83% of all rerefined oils are made in Asia-Pacific, North Amer-
ica and Europe.
As the quality of used engine oil feedstock continues to increase, so too will the
amount of API Group III base oils rerefiners are able to produce.
Base Oils: Rerefined
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Synthetic Base Oils Annual Demand Growth
by Region, 2020-2025
Source: Kline Co.; excludes consumption in non-synthetic applications
0
2
4
6
8
10
Asia-Pacific North America Europe Global
CAGR
%
Group III Polyalphaolefin Polyalkylene Glycol Synthetic Esters
Share of Demand for Synthetic and Semi-synthetic
Base Stocks, 2020
Total: 4.4 Million Tons
Source: Kline Co.; excludes non-lube uses
Group III 74%
Polyalphaolefin 11%
Synthetic Esters 8%
All Other 4%
Polyalkylene Glycol 3%
Demand for synthetic base stocks—if you include Group III—held steady at 4.4 million
metric tons in 2020. Global appetite for these high-value, high-performance oils is
expected to increase rapidly, with Asia-Pacific’s hunger outpacing the rest of the world.
Base Oils: Synthetics
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Got PAO?
Only a handful of chemical companies do.
*Capacity data for Shanghai Fox Chemical’s Nanjing plant is unavailable.
Source: Lubes’n’Greases research
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
ExxonMobil
Chemical
Ineos
Oligomers
Chevron
Phillips
Chemical
Naco
Lubrication
Lanxess Others*
Capacity
(000
tons/year)
301
230
130
30
15
43
Polyalphaolefin, the most common “true” synthetic base oil used in automotive and
industrial lubricants, is only produced by a few companies around the world. Lanxess
closed 15,000 tons-per-year Ankerweg plant in 2017, while ExxonMobil bumped up its
capacity in Gravenchon, France, by 17,000 t/y in 2019, inching up the global total to
more than 749,000 t/y.
Base Oils: Synthetics
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs


2020 Global Additive Demand by
Type and Use

U.S. Lubricant Additive
Market Volume

20

Average Levels of Calcium and
Magnesium in API SN SP Oil
Samples

21
Additives
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

U.S. Lubricant Additive Market Volume
Source: American Chemistry Council
Antioxidants Biocides Lubricant Additives
%
Change
Year-on-year
-15
1998
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2007
2005
2008
2006
2009
2010
2013
2011
2014
2012
2015
2017
2018
2016
2019
2020
2020 Global Additive Demand by Type and Use
Total 4.5 Million Metric Tons
Source: Kline Co.; may not equal 100 due to rounding
By Lubricant Category By Additive Function Class
HDMO
PCMO

Metalworking fluids

Industrial engine oil
Other auto

Gen. industrial oil
Other
32%
27%
18%
11%
7%
3%
2%
25%
23%
17%
7%
6%
6%
5%
5%
3%
3%
V.I. improvers
Dispersants
Detergents
Antioxidants
Antiwear
Friction modifiers
Corrosion inhibitors
Emulsifiers
Extreme pressure
Other
Global lubricant additive demand added
up to 4 million tons in 2020, according
Kline, including both active component
and diluent oil. Nearly 60% of that is
consumed in making heavy-duty and pas-
senger car engine oils, so it’s no surprise
that dispersants, viscosity index improv-
ers and detergents account for the lion’s
share of what’s needed.
Production of lubricant additives in the
U.S. was relatively steady through 2019,
according to the American Chemistry
Council, but the market saw a sharp
decline in the spring of 2020 due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. Despite a slight
recovery during the summer months,
volumes were down across the board by
the end of the year.
Additives
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Average Levels of Calcium and Magnesium
in API SN SP Oil Samples
Source: Petroleum Quality Institute of America
0
2000
250
500
750
1250
1500
1750
1000
Calcium
2,064
1,242 1,174
22
642 608
Magnesium
Parts
per
Million
API SN, ILSAC GF-5
API SN PLUS, ILSAC GF-5
API SP, ILSAC GF-6A
The API SN PLUS service category was developed as a supplement to the API SN
specification in 2018 to mitigate low-speed pre-ignition events in turbocharged gaso-
line direct-injection engines. The Petroleum Quality Institute of America tested oil sam-
ples that meet the requirements of each category to determine the average calcium
and magnesium levels—the most commonly used detergent additives in motor oils.
According to PQIA, there are currently no minimum or maximum levels for calcium
or magnesium in the specifications for API SN PLUS or API SP, but the graph below
illustrates typical levels for oils in each category. The average calcium level for the
30 samples of API SN PLUS motor oils is 1,242 parts per million, and the average for
magnesium is 642 ppm. The averages of the 18 API SP samples tested are similar. In
both cases, these levels represent a significant change from the levels in the API SN
samples.
Additives
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Total U.S. Lubricant Sales
Total Japan Lubricant Sales
U.S. Lubricant Sales by Product

23
Demand
Demand by Product
Demand by Country
Base Stock Demand by Type

24
Biolubes

U.S. Producer Price Index for Finished
Lubricants

25
Profits
Lubricant Industry Bellwethers

26
Finished Lubes
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Automotive
Oils
Industrial Oils
(incl. Process Oils)
Grease
Million
Gallons
Total U.S. Lubricant Sales
5-year Trend
Source: Kline Co.
2016
2016
2017
2018
2020
Total Japan Lubricant Sales
Source: Japan Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
000
Metric
Tons
2020 U.S. Lubricant Sales by Product
Total 2.2 Billion Gallons
Does not equal 100 due to rounding
Source: Kline Co.
Process Oils 23%
General Industrial Oils 14%
Metalworking Fluids 7%
Industrial Engine Oils 8%
AUTOMOTIVE
GREASE 2%
INDUSTRIAL
Automotive Transmission
Hydraulic Fluids 7%
Multigrade Engine Oils 37%
Other Automotive Oils 2%
Finished lubricant sales in the United States barely budged from 2015 through 2019,
according to Kline. But as expected, the pandemic led to a notable decrease in sales
in 2020. The country reliably consumes about 2.2 billion gallons a year, with a bit less
than half going into automotive applications. Industrial and process oils take 52%, and
greases claim the final 2%.
Japan’s lubricant sales grew from 2017 through 2019 but also saw a drop in 2020.
Finished Lubes: Demand
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
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Programs

Demand by Country
1
Includes France, Italy and the U.K.
Germany 12%
South Korea 12%
United States 34%
Brazil 11%
Canada 9%
All other1
11%
China 5%
Nordics 6%
Base Stock Demand by Type
Source for all: Kline Co.
Synthetic Esters 67%
Vegetable Oils 24%
PAO 1%
Synthetic Hydrocarbons 2%
PAG 6%
Demand by Product
1
Includes industrial gear oils, automotive engine oils, greases and 2T/4Toils
Hydraulic Fluids 41%
Transformer Oils 9%
MWF 19%
Chainsaw Oils 6%
All other1
25%
Sustainability InSite provides you with a detailed look at the interface
between the lubricants industry and sustainability. Get the insight you need
to drive sustainability change in your business.
LubesnGreases.com/sustainability
SUSTAINABILITY
INSITE
Kline found that demand for biodegradable, nontoxic, renewable lubricants in the
highest-consuming country markets slumped from 350,000 tons in 2019 to 280,000
tons in 2020. While this segment makes up less than 1% of the global finished
lubricants market, it is expected to grow markedly in the coming years.
Together, North America and Europe account for more than half of biolube demand
thanks to strict environmental policies. Industrial applications, led by hydraulic fluids,
make up the majority of consumption. Synthetic esters are the base stock of choice for
more than two-thirds of demand.
Finished Lubes: Biolubes
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

U.S. Producer Price Index for Finished Lubricants
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
100
200
300
400
500
600
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
2
0
0
9
2
0
1
0
2
0
1
1
2
0
1
2
2
0
1
3
2
0
1
4
2
0
1
5
2
0
1
6
2
0
1
7
2
0
1
8
2
0
1
9
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
Index
Base
=
1982
The United States Commerce Department’s Producer Price Index measures monthly
price changes recorded by domestic establishments for their output sold outside the
industry. It reflects the price trends for this constant set of goods, gauged against
the base year of 1982. The Finished Lubricants PPI in July 2021 was up to 521.9 from
495.1 the year before.
Finished Lubes: Profits
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Lubricant Industry Bellwethers
Source: Lubes’n’Greases research, company reports
1
Subsidiary of NewMarket Corp.; shown is
operating profit for Petroleum Additives.
2
Profit for lubricants business only
3
Fiscal year ends Sept. 30 ; profit for lubricants
segment only
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Afton
Chemical1
BP2
Castrol
India
Chevron
Lanka
Fuchs
Petrolub
Gulf Oil Lubricants
India Ltd.
Liqui
Moly
Lopal
Tech Co.
Moove Qingdao Copton
Technology Co.
Quaker
Houghton
United Oil Valvoline3
$271
$818
$79
$11
$263
$24 $30 $37
$85
$14
$40
$11
$331
U.S.
$
Millions
Not everyone who profits from lubricants does so by selling products. Many investors
also earn money from lubes on the stock exchange, buying stakes in publicly held com-
panies. Here’s an assortment of players operating in various segments and geographic
regions, and what they delivered to their parent company or stockholders in 2020.
For purposes of comparison, all financial results in this graph are given in U.S. dollars.
Currency conversions, where needed, were calculated in mid-April at then-current rates.
All results are for the 2020 calendar year, even for companies operating on different
fiscal years. For companies with significant operations in other sectors, results shown
are for units focused on lubricants.
Finished Lubes: Profits
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
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Quality
Assurance
Programs

SEPTEMBER 2020
BITUMINA + NYNAS
Finland-based Neste sold its 49.99% stake
in base oil and bitumen producer Nynas
AB to Dubai-based Bitumina as part of a
reorganization intended to ease the Swedish
company’s financial difficulties. The two oth-
er main shareholders in Nynas are Petroleos
de Venezuela S.A. with 15% and a foundation
registered in the Netherlands called
Nynässtiftelsen, which has a 35% stake
that was previously held by PdVSA.
TOTAL + LUBRILOG
French energy major Total acquired Lubrilog
SAS, a French company that specializes in
perfluorinated polyether lubricants. Lubrilog
also produces lubricants for open gear
drives and chains for raw materials indus-
tries such as mining, cement and fertilizers,
as well as greases.
OCTOBER 2020
TELKO + ILS NORDIC
Telko Ltd., part of the Aspo Group, acquired
Swedish distributor ILS Nordic AB and its
subsidiary Autolubes Nordic AB. Telko has
been a distributor of Castrol products in
Finland since 1958; ILS Nordic is a lubricants
distribution partner of BP Castrol in Sweden
and Norway; and Autolubes Nordic distrib-
utes automotive oils in Sweden and Norway.
HYDRODEC + TRANSFORMER RECYCLER
Transformer oil rerefiner Hydrodec formed
a joint venture with a U.S. company that
recycles electrical transformers and other
utility equipment. The j.v. would add a recy-
cling facility at Hydrodec’s refinery in Ohio,
enabling it to obtain more used transformer
oil for use as feedstock. Neither the name of
the partner company nor the percentage of
ownership for each company were disclosed.
CONDAT + KEMNO
French lubricant company Condat SA
acquired Kemno, a specialist lubricant and
metalworking coolant company based in
Milan, Italy. Kemno becomes a wholly owned
subsidiary that will be called Condat Italia.
NOVEMBER 2020
FUCHS GROUP + POLYSI TECHNOLOGIES
Fuchs Group acquired Sanford, North
Carolina-based PolySi Technologies, which
formulates and manufactures silicone
lubricants and greases. It also provides
contract packaging services. The company’s
divisions include PolySi Lubricants—which
manufactures silicone and synthetic greases
and silicone fluids—and a packaging division.
GRYPHON INVESTORS +
KANO LABORATORIES
San Francisco-based private equity firm Gry-
phon Investors acquired Kano Laboratories,
a Nashville, Tennessee-based producer of
branded oils and lubricants used to loosen
rusted, corroded or frozen mechanical parts.
Kano’s products are mainly sold into industri-
al maintenance, repair shops and consumer
markets. Financial terms were not disclosed.
DECEMBER 2020
SP GLOBAL + IHS MARKIT
SP Global and IHS Markit agreed to merge
in a deal that united two of the world’s
biggest financial data service companies.
The deal valued IHS at $44 billion. IHS’s Oil
Markets, Midstream and Downstream Ser-
vices division includes a focus on lubricants
that is staffed by a dozen specialists that
publish market reports and articles about the
industry.
MARTIN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS +
JOHN W. STONE OIL DISTRIBUTOR
Martin Midstream Partners LP sold assets
used in connection with its Mega Lubricants
shore-based terminals and marine lubricants
blending business to Louisiana-based
John W. Stone Oil Distributor LLC for $22.4
million. Stone Oil carries several brands of
marine lubricants, including ExxonMobil,
Chevron, Shell and Castrol.
Here is a year’s worth of mergers,
acquisitions and joint venture activity
in the lubricants industry, as reported
in our weekly Lube Report Americas,
Lube Report EMEA and Lube Report
Asia newsletters, as well as our monthly
magazine Lubes’n’Greases. Dates
show the month the transaction was
announced or completed. For more
details, see our publication archives
at www.LubesnGreases.com.
Mergers Acquisitions
Finished
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RIANLON + KANTAI
Rianlon Corp., a Tianjin, China-based chem-
ical company, purchased over 90% of the
shares in Kangtai Lubricant Additives Co., a
major Chinese lubricant additives supplier
based in Jinzhou, Liaoning province. The deal
cost Rianlon 596 million Chinese yuan (U.S.
$90.9 million), with ¥179 million paid in cash
and the rest in stock. An outsider to the lube
industry, Rialon’s main business is making
anti-aging additives for polymer materials.
JANUARY 2021
IDEMITSU + TOA OIL
Japan’s Idemitsu Kosan Co. consolidated
its lubricant and grease business by buying
up stock of Toa Oil Co. to make the small
refiner a wholly-owned subsidiary. Idemitsu
owned 50.12% of Toa Oil shares, a stake that
it acquired when it merged with Showa Shell
in 2019. Listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange,
Toa Oil mostly supplies oil products to
Idemitsu Kosan.
SK CAPITAL PARTNERS +
TILLEY CHEMICAL
SK Capital Partners LP made a controlling
investment in Baltimore, Maryland-based
lubricants and specialty chemicals distrib-
utor Tilley Chemical Co. The investment
amount was not disclosed. The Tilley family
will retain a significant ownership stake
and involvement in the company. Tilley has
capabilities in storage, blending, packaging
and regulatory and technical support.
ALS + AMERICAN OIL SUPPLY
INTERNATIONAL
Bensalem, Pennsylvania-based Advanced
Lubrication Specialties acquired the assets of
Newark, New Jersey-based blender American
Oil Supply International LLC. The companies
did not disclose terms of the deal. Advanced
Lubrication Specialties manufactures a
number of lubricant and specialty petroleum
products under its Advantage brand. These
include motor oils for passenger cars and
diesel-powered heavy-duty trucks, transmis-
sion, hydraulic and metalworking fluids, gear
lubricants and other industrial oils, as well as
transformer and specialty oils and paraffinic
and naphthenic process oils. The company
primarily serves the United States but also
has presence in Europe and Latin America.
SHELL + WHITMORE
Shell’s United States lubricants business
and Whitmore Manufacturing LLC formed a
joint venture to provide industrial products
and services to the North American rail and
U.S. mining sectors. Whitmore expects to
gain wider distribution of its products in the
Americas through Shell’s distribution chan-
nels and a boost to its Texas manufacturing
facility, while Shell said the joint venture will
assist its efforts in the business-to-business
lubricants market.
COMETIC GASKET +
KLOTZ SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS
Cometic Gasket acquired Indiana-based
Klotz Synthetic Lubricants, which blends and
packages lubricants for automotive and a va-
riety of racing and recreational applications.
Its lubricant products include engine oils,
transmission oils, gear oils, chain case lubes,
differential lubricants and aerosols.
ITALMATCH + ISRAEL CHEMICALS
Italmatch Chemicals Group acquired Israel
Chemicals’ RecoPhos Project Technology,
boosting the group’s development of a
process for production of elemental phos-
phorous—a raw material used in oil addi-
tives—from secondary “waste” raw materials.
Terms were not disclosed for the acquisition,
which includes all licenses, intellectual
property, know-how and assets related to the
technology.
PT PERTAMINA + PT PUPUK KUJANG +
PT REKACIPTA INOVASI
PT Pertamina Lubricants and two other Indo-
nesian companies have formed a joint venture
aimed at developing catalysts that can be
used in the processing of palm oil. The compa-
nies are hoping that their alliance, PT Katalis
Sinergi Indonesia, will develop domestic mate-
rials that can help maximize returns from the
palm industry. The joint venture will work with
Indonesian universities as part of a national
strategy to develop natural resources.
FEBRUARY 2021
LANXESS +
EMERALD KALAMA CHEMICAL
Lanxess AG paid $1 billion to acquire United
States-based specialty chemical manu-
facturer Emerald Kalama Chemical, which
makes products like corrosion inhibitors for
lubricants and cutting fluids. Emerald, which
is headquartered in Vancouver, Washington
state, has facilities in the United States and
Europe and a global sales and distribution
network. The sale will include Emerald’s
production sites in Kalama, Washington;
Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and Widnes,
United Kingdom.
FUCHS + STD S
Fuchs Group announced that it purchased a
controlling stake in the lubricants business
of Vietnamese distributor STD S Co.,
aiming to expand in the country’s growing
lubricant market. Fuchs said it purchased a
70% stake in STD S’s lubes business for
an undisclosed amount. STD S, which is
based in Ho Chi Minh City, supplies products
like conveyors, chains and packaging robots
to businesses in the mining, construction
and textiles sectors. It retains sole owner-
ship of the segments dealing in items other
than lubricants, as well as a 30% stake in the
lubes business.
Finished
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Mergers
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Programs

BERGMAN BEVING + GERMA AB
Bergman Beving’s Tools Consumables
division acquired all shares in fellow Swed-
ish company Germa AB, which develops and
manufactures equipment for professional
and environmentally friendly handling of
lubricants, greases and liquids. Terms were
not disclosed. Vannasby-based Germa has
11 employees and annual sales revenue of
35 million krona (U.S. $4.2 million).
MARCH 2021
CONCEPT MACHINE + B.C. MACDONALD
Machine tool distributor Concept Machine
acquired St. Louis, Missouri-based B.C.
Macdonald Co., a cutting and measuring
tools company that also distributes metal-
working fluids and coolants. Terms were not
disclosed. Privately held, Minneapolis, Min-
nesota-based Concept Machine is a distrib-
utor representing specialty manufacturers.
Concept sells and services machine tools,
metrology equipment, additive manufac-
turing equipment and related consumables
to precision manufacturers and job shops
in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota,
Iowa, Nebraska and Wisconsin.
FUCHS + ALHAMRANI
German independent lubricants blender
Fuchs Petrolub SE announced a joint venture
in Egypt with longtime partner Alhamrani
Group of Saudi Arabia to expand Fuchs’ pres-
ence in the African market. Fuchs Egypt Lu-
bricants LLC is a startup sales company that
has its main offices and a central warehouse
in Cairo. It will import its products from
Saudi Arabia and Europe. Alhamrani Group
has served as Fuchs’ partner for numerous
operations across the Middle East and North
Africa since the 1980s.
APRIL 2021
MERIDIAN + PACIFIC ADHESIVE
Meridian Adhesives Group acquired Pacific
Adhesive Systems, a Malaysia-based corpo-
ration with lubricant and grease operations.
Among other products, Pacific makes
lubricants and greases for electronic com-
ponents for Electrolube, based in the United
Kingdom. Pacific has distributed some of
Meridian’s products in the Asian market for
more than 15 years.
QUAKER HOUGHTON + GRINDAIX
Metalworking fluids supplier Quaker Hough-
ton announced a joint venture with Grindaix
GmbH, a Germany-based provider of coolant
control and delivery systems used in ma-
chining processes, including grinding appli-
cations, in the metalworking sector. Kerpen,
Germany-based Grindaix offers technology
services that precisely measure and optimize
parameters such as coolant flow, velocity,
temperature, nozzle angles and pressures.
SK + IMM CREDIT
The parent company of SK Lubricants
announced an agreement to sell 40% of the
business to a South Korean private equity firm
for a bit less than U.S. $1 billion. The company
was sold to IMM Credit Solutions, a subsidiary
of IMM Private Equity, which is based in Seoul.
The price was 1.1 trillion won after deducting
for payoff of debt and other items.
PARKLAND + CONRAD BISCHOFF
Parkland, based in Calgary, Canada, is an in-
dependent supplier and marketer of fuel and
petroleum products, including lubricants. It
acquired Idaho Falls, Idaho-based Conrad
Bischoff and all its assets. Conrad Bis-
choff employs 500 employees and operates
in Idaho and western Wyoming.
MAY 2021
TAIF + SIBUR
Russian oil and gas companies Sibur and
Taif are merging their petrochemical assets.
Under the deal, Taif’s existing shareholders
will receive a 15% stake in Sibur in exchange
for a controlling stake in Taif Group. The
announcement did not specify the size of the
Taif stake that Sibur will receive initially, but it
did state that the combined company will sub-
sequently be allowed to buy the rest of Taif.
JUNE 2021
STANDARD GREASES AND SPECIALITIES
+ ARCHIT
India’s Standard Greases and Specialties
Pvt. purchased a stake in Archit Organo-
sys, which produces organic chemicals,
pigments, specialty derivatives, adhesives
and sealants. Bulk deal data on the Bombay
Stock Exchange indicated that Standard
acquired 100,000 shares in Archit Organo-
sys, and then 250,100 shares of the same
company. According to a Business Standard
report, the 100,000 shares represented a
0.67% stake in Archit Organosys.
VERTELLUS + IM CHEMICALS
Specialty chemicals manufacturer Vertellus
acquired IM Chemicals, another specialty
chemicals producer involved in the
lubricants industry. IM Chemicals, the inter-
mediates and specialties division of ESIM
Chemicals, based in Linz, Austria, produces
succinic anhydride and succinimide, which
are used to make lube additives.
Finished
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Quality
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Programs

RAIZEN + SHELL
Royal Dutch Shell agreed to sell its lubricant
business in Brazil to Raizen, the energy com-
pany joint venture that has served as its lubes
distributor in the country for the past decade.
The companies did not disclose terms of the
transaction. Under terms of the deal, Raizen
would receive a finished lubricant blending
plant and storage terminal in Rio de Janeiro.
FUCHS + GLEITMO
Fuchs Petrolub SE acquired Swedish compa-
ny Gleitmo Technik AB’s lubricants business.
Gleitmo’s lubricants product offerings
include greases, food-grade lubricants, gear
lubricants, lubricating pastes, dry lubricants,
aerosols and metal forming and mounting
lubricants. The company will be integrated
into Fuchs’ Swedish subsidiary Fuchs Lubri-
cants Sweden AB.
JULY 2021
VERDANT + DEFOREST AND PARAFLOW
Chemicals producer Verdant Specialty
Solutions acquired surfactants manufacturer
DeForest Enterprises. The acquisition was
part of Verdant’s plan to grow its surfactants
production. The company also acquired
ParaFlow Energy Solutions in the deal. Both
DeForest and ParaFlow are based in Boca Ra-
ton, Florida, and were previously owned by the
chemical company Chemical Services Group.
DAVIDSON KEMPNER + NYNAS
A United States investment firm is the largest
shareholder of Stockholm-based Nynas AB
after acquiring a 49.9% stake in the refiner.
The firm played a role in Nynas’ recent
financial restructuring. New York City-based
Davidson Kempner Capital Management
acquired the stake from bitumen producer
Bitumina Industries Ltd., which had bought
the stake from Finnish refiner Neste.
GULF OIL + OCEAN TANKERS
Gulf Oil International closed on its acquisi-
tion from Ocean Tankers (Pte), the shipping
arm of bankrupt oil trader Hin Leong, of a
50,000 metric ton per year lubricant blending
plant in Singapore. The deal—first announced
late last year—gives Gulf its eighth blending
plant, which was put up for sale in early Oc-
tober last year by administrators appointed
by Singapore’s Supreme Court to manage
Hin Leong after it and Ocean Tankers filed
for bankruptcy protection in April 2020.
PLZ AEROSCIENCE +
CHAMPION BRANDS
Downers Grove, Illinois-based aerosol man-
ufacturer PLZ Aeroscience has agreed to
purchase Champion Brands LLC, an indepen-
dent producer of automotive and industrial
lubricants and related products. The terms
of the deal were not disclosed.
AUGUST 2021
HOLLYFRONTIER + SINCLAIR
HollyFrontier announced plans to acquire
Sinclair Oil Corp. and Sinclair Transpor-
tation Co. in a transaction valued at $1.8
billion, creating an integrated downstream
petroleum and renewable fuels company to
be named HF Sinclair Corp. and adding two
Colorado refineries. Under the transaction,
HollyFrontier Corp. and Holly Energy Part-
ners will acquire the two Sinclair businesses
from The Sinclair Cos., and HF Sinclair
Corp. will replace HollyFrontier as the public
company trading on the New York Stock
Exchange. Under the terms of HollyFrontier’s
definitive agreement, it will acquire Sinclair’s
branded marketing business and all commer-
cial activities, its renewable diesel business
and two Rocky Mountain, Colorado-based
refineries.
ALPLA + VERIGREEN
Austria-based Alpla Group, a global plastic
packaging and recycling specialist, acquired
the lubricants division of South African pack-
aging manufacturer Verigreen. Terms were
not disclosed. Verigreen, which specializes
in bottles and canisters for lubricants, has
a workforce of 25 employees at its site in
Durban.
RICHARDSON INTERNATIONAL +
CONTROL CHEMICAL
Canadian agribusiness Richardson
International Ltd. of Winnipeg, Manitoba,
announced the purchase of Canadian compa-
ny Control Chemical Corp., a manufacturer
of environmentally safe drilling fluids and
proprietary vegetable oil-based lubricants,
for an undisclosed amount. Richardson
was a minority shareholder in the Calgary,
Alberta-based company and supplied raw
ingredients—including crude canola oil—for
its products for more than 30 years.
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs


North American PCMO Viscosity Grade
Forecast

32

U.S. Auto Care Sales History Forecast

DIY or DIFM?

33

API Engine Oil Categories and Tests

ACEA Engine Oil Categories and Tests

34
Passenger Car Motor Oil

North American HDMO Viscosity
Grade Forecast

North American HDMO Viscosity Grade
Demand

Global HDMO Demand by Specification

36
Heavy-duty Motor Oil

Engine Oil Category Timeline

35

Specification Development Committees

37
Engine Oil
Finished
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Mergers
Electric
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Quality
Assurance
Programs

North American PCMO Viscosity Grade Forecast
0Ws will dominate.
Other Multigrade
Monograde
SAE 20W-50
SAE 10W-40
SAE 10W-30
SAE 5W-30
SAE 5W-20
SAE 0W-20
SAE 0W-16
Source : Infineum
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2000 2015 Today 2025
forecast
2030
forecast
Having conquered about 20% of today’s market, SAE 0W-XX oils will command about
60% of the market by 2030, predicts additive maker Infineum International. Mono
grades will have disappeared by then, and SAE 10W-40 and heavier oils will also be
nearly phased out of the passenger car motor oil arena.
Engine Oil: PCMO
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

U.S. Auto Care Sales History Forecast
Automotive oil change and lubrication shop sales have grown 2.6% each year from
2015 to 2020, and the Auto Care Association projects 4.1% CAGR through 2024.
Source: Auto Care Association * Forecast
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021*
2022*
2023*
2024*
$5078
$5220
$5391
$5599
$5879
$6050
$6292
$6575
$6379
$6969
$7318
$7697
$8041
Millions
Engine Oil Changes: Leave It to the Pros
Source: IMR Inc. (AutomotiveResearch.com)
Do It For Me
Do It Yourself
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
The long, upward trend in do-it-for-me engine oil changes in the United States carries
on its trajectory, and the sales growth for automotive oil change and lube shops contin-
ues apace—with the exception of pandemic-ravaged 2020. The Auto Care Association
revised its compound annual growth rate forecast for oil change shop sales down
slightly from 4.3% through 2023 to 4.1% through 2024.
Only about 15% of U.S. car owners are willing to change their own engine oil, according
to IMR Inc. Pickup truck owners are happier to get under the hood than owners of other
vehicles. The likelihood of a DIY job also increases with the age of the vehicle. Howev-
er, IMR found that the mean age of a DIYer has actually decreased by five years in the
past decade.
Engine Oil: PCMO
Finished
Lubes
Mergers
Electric
Vehicles Grease
Quality
Assurance
Programs

Gasoline Engine Oil Categories and Tests for
API Licensing
GF-6B is for SAE 0W-16 oils only. All other viscosities are covered by GF-6A.
ILSAC Category GF-1 GF-2 GF-3 GF-4 GF-5 GF-6A GF-6B
API S Category SH SJ SL SM SN SP SP
Year Introduced 1992-93 1996 2001 2004-5 2010 2020 2020
TEST PARAMETER
Viscometrics SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300
Volatility (max.) 17-25% 17-22% 10-15% 10-15% 10-15% 15% 15%
Phosphorus wt% 0.12 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.06-0.08 0.06-0.08 0.06-0.08 0.06-0.08
Phosphorus retention - - - - 79% 81% 81%
Sulfur wt% - - - 05.-0.7 0.5-0.6 0.5-0.6 0.5
Rust Protection Seq. IID IID Ball Rust Ball Rust Ball Rust Ball Rust Ball Rust
Bearing Corrosion,
Shear Stability L-38 L-38 Seq. VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII
Wear Oil
Thickening Seq. IIIE IIIE IIIF
IIIG
IIIGA
IIIG
ROBO
IIIH
ROBO
IIIH
ROBO
Valvetrain Wear - - Seq. IVA IVA IVA IVB IVB
Low-temp. Deposits Seq. VE VE VG VG VG VH VH
Fuel Economy Seq. VI VIA VIB VIB VID VIE VIF
Low-speed Pre-ignition - - - - - Seq. IX IX
Chain Wear - - - - - Seq. X X
Source: American Petroleum Institute
Light-duty Engine Oil Categories and Tests for
ACEA Licensing
A/B = light-duty gasoline diesel, C = light-duty gasoline diesel with exhaust aftertreatment
Category A3/B3 A4/B4 A5/B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
TEST PARAMETER
Viscometrics SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300 SAE J300
HTHS Viscosity at
150 °C (mPa-s) ≥ 3.5 ≥ 3.5 2.9-3.5 ≥ 2.9 ≥ 2.9 ≥ 3.5 ≥ 3.5 2.6-2.9 2.6-2.9
Noack Volatility ≤ 13% ≤ 13% ≤ 13% ≤ 13% ≤ 13% ≤ 13% ≤ 11% ≤ 13% ≤ 13%
Total Base Number ≥ 8.0 ≥ 10.0 ≥ 8.0 - - ≥ 6.0 ≥ 6.0 ≥ 6.0 ≥ 6.0
Sulfated ash (wt%) 0.9-1.5% 1.0-1.6% ≤ 1.6% ≤ 0.5% ≤ 0.8% ≤ 0.8% ≤ 0.5% ≤ 0.8% ≤ 0.8%
Phosphorus Report Report Report ≤ 0.05%
0.07-
0.09%
0.07-
0.09% ≤ 0.09% 0.07-0.09% 0.07-0.09%
Sulfur Report Report Report ≤ 0.2% ≤ 0.3% ≤ 0.3% ≤ 0.2% ≤ 0.3% ≤ 0.3%
Elastomer
Compatibility
CEC L-112-
16 L-112-16 L-112-16 L-112-16 L-112-16 L-112-16 L-112-16 L-112-16 L-112-16
Oxidation with
Biodiesel
CEC L-109-
14 L-109-14 L-109-14 L-109-14 L-109-14 L-109-14 L-109-14 L-109-14 L-109-14
Gasoline Piston
Turbocharger
Cleanliness
CEC L-111-
16 L-111-16 L-111-16 L-111-16 L-111-16 L-111-16 L-111-16 L-111-16 L-111-16
Diesel Piston Cleanli-
ness Ring Sticking
CEC L-078-
99 L-078-99 L-078-99 L-078-99 L-078-99 L-078-99 L-078-99 L-078-99 L-117-20
Low-temp. Deposits
ASTM Seq.
VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG
Fuel Economy (M111,
% improvement) - - ≥ 2.5% ≥ 3.0% ≥ 2.5% ≥ 1.0% ≥ 1.0% ≥ 3.0% ≥ 3.0%
Fuel Economy - - - - - - - -
JASO FE
M366
Diesel Oil Dispersion
CEC L-106-
16 L-106-16 L-106-16 L-106-16 L-106-16 L-106-16 L-106-16 L-106-16 L-106-16
Diesel Engine Wear
CEC L-099-
08 L-099-08 L-099-08 L-099-08 L-099-08 L-099-08 L-099-08 L-099-08 -
Effects of Biodiesel - CEC L-104-16 L-104-16 L-104-16 L-104-16 L-104-16 L-104-16 L-104-16 -
Low-speed Pre-
ignition GDI Turbo - - - - - - - - Seq. IX
Valvetrain Wear - - - - - - - - Seq. IVB
Turbocharger
Compressor Deposit
(Diesel) - - - - - - - -
CEC-L-114-
19
Chain Wear GDI - - - - - - - - Seq. X
Source: European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association
While not complete lists, these are some of the key tests and parameters for North
America’s API and ILSAC gasoline engine oil specifications and Europe’s ACEA
light-duty engine oil sequences, which also include diesel engines.
ILSAC GF-6 made its debut in May 2020, several years late. ACEA 2018—now
referred to as ACEA 2021—hit the market three years late in April of 2021.
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North American Passenger Car Engine Oil
Categories

North American Heavy-duty Diesel Categories

General Motors Dexos Proprietary Oil
Specification

ACEA European Oil Sequences (both
light- and heavy-duty, gasoline and diesel)

JASO Diesel Engine Oil Specification

JASO Gasoline Passenger Car Engine
Oil Specification
Obsolete
First ACEA Sequence
(A series for gasoline;
B series for diesel)
ACEA
2008
ACEA
2007
1970
1972
1980
1985
1988
1989
1990
1992
1994
1995
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2012
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
ACEA
2010
ACEA
2012
ACEA
2016
ACEA
2021
ILSAC GF-3/
API SL
ILSAC GF-2/
API SJ
ILSAC GF-1/
API SH
API SG
API SF
API SE
API SD ILSAC GF-4/
API SM
API SN-PLUS ILSAC GF-6A
GF-6B/API SP
API
CI-4PLUS
API CI-4
API CH-4
JASO DH-1 JASO DH-2 (Heavy Duty) JASO DL-1 (Light Duty) JASO DH-2F JASO DL-0
ACEA 2004 (A, B C
for catalyst compati-
ble; E for heavy-duty)
API CD API CJ-4 API CK-4
API FA-4
Dexos1 (GM Cars) Dexos1 Gen2 Dexos1 Gen3
DexosD (GM
Diesel)
JASO GLV-1
API CG-4
API CF CF-2
API CF-4
API CE
API CD-II
Dexos2 (GM Diesel
and Gas)
ILSAC GF-5/
API SN
The timeline below illustrates the sheer number of engine oil categories required
to meet today’s demands compared to a half of a century ago. With the addition of
Dexos1 Gen3 and ACEA 2021, the pressure and costs for oil formulators show no
signs of easing.
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North American HDMO Viscosity Grade Demand in 2020
Source: Infineum
SAE 15W-40 65%
Monogrades 3%
Other 3%
SAE 5W-XX 3%
SAE 10W-30 26%
Global HDMO Demand by Specification
Source: Kline Co.
API CF-4 11.1%
API CJ-4 9.4%
API FA-4 0.3%
ACEA 5.6%
JASO 1.7%
All others 11.6%
API CI-4 Plus 6.0%
API CK-4 15.4%
API- CI-4 16.2%
API CH-4 22.6%
HDMO Viscosity Grade Forecast for North America
Source: Infineum
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2000 2015 2020 2025
forecast
2030
forecast
SAE XW-20 and lower
Other
Monograde
SAE 5W-30
SAE 5W-40
SAE 10W-30L
SAE 10W-30
SAE 15W-40
Lighter-viscosity heavy-duty motor oils continue their steady climb in the North Amer-
ican market. According to Infineum, 10W-30 oils, particularly API CK-4, will see signifi-
cant growth in coming years, while 15W-40 has reached its zenith and will likely begin
its decline.
According to Kline, about 47% of the global HDMO market uses North America’s API
CI-4 service category and above, and that number is expected to climb. API CH-4, the
oldest current HDMO category, is more than 20 years old and still the largest seller by
volume.
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Specification Development Committees
Organization Full Name Represents Function
ILSAC
International Lubricant Standardization and
Advisory Committee
Light-duty original
equipment manufacturers
Informal group of OEMs who support and help develop engine oil specifications for gasoline engines. OEMs act as test sponsors for new
and current tests, making them responsible for test development relating to new specifications.
PCEOCP Passenger Car Engine Oil Classification Panel ASTM
Reviews status and concerns around test development and maintenance; includes recommending ballots to Subcommittee B on various
items relating to ASTM tests; responsible for keeping ASTM D4485 updated
AOAP Automotive Oil Advisory Panel ILSAC, API, ACC
Develops and recommends ILSAC GF-x specs; oversees timing and test development critical to new specifications; defines tests and
limits for new specifications
CLOG Category Life Oversight Group API Monitors test life and supports development of new and replacement tests to maintain current and older API categories
SP Surveillance Panel ASTM Monitors engine tests and supports new developments
Task Force Task Force Various As needed to investigate problems or develop base oil interchange and viscosity grade read-across guidelines
EMA Engine Manufacturers Association
Diesel engine
manufacturers
Formal OEM organization that defines and finalizes draft diesel engine oil specifications based on feedback from HDEOCP
HDEOCP Heavy-duty Engine Oil Classification Panel ASTM Reviews status and concerns around test development and maintenance; reports to Submittee B
DEOAP Diesel Engine Oil Advisory Panel EMA, API, ACC
Supports the development of new heavy-duty engine oil categories; forum discusses topics pertaining to new and current heavy-duty
diesel oil categories; reports and makes recommendations to the Lubricants Standards Group
NCET New Category Evaluation Team API
Recommends to API Lubricants Group regarding the need, language, timing and funding mechanism for a new category; not a standing
team
NCDT New Category Development Team API, EMA Develops the new heavy-duty diesel engine oil category; not a standing team
LG or LSG
Lubricants Group
(Lubricants Standards Group)
API
Officially establishes and finalizes new API categories and associated engine oil specifications for both diesel and light-duty passenger engine
oils; makes decisions on items pertaining to existing categories; AOAP, DEOAP, BOI/VGRA and CLOG are sub-groups that report to LG
LSDRG
Lubricants Standards Development
Review Group
API Cross-functional group that recommends process improvements for specification development; disbanded
ASTM members include, OEMs, marketers, test labs and additive companies.
API members include lubricant marketers, base stock producers and additive companies.
Source: SGH Consulting
People from many organizations must come together to advance lubricant specifications,
ensuring that engines old and new continue to be protected. The table below outlines
some of the committees that are instrumental in developing new specifications.
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Viscosity Ranges for Leading ATFs
Leading ATFs don’t match up anymore.
4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Kinematic viscosity cSt@100˚C
OEM Spec.
Chrysler ATF+4
GM Dexron-VI
Ford Mercon LV
Ford Mercon SP
Ford Mercon V
JASO-1A
JASO-1A-LV
Source: Petroleum Quality Institute of America
Min
No Min
No Max
Max
U.S. Light Vehicle Transmissions Installed
2020 Model Year
Source: Wards Intelligence
6 Speed Automatics 18.5%
EV 1 Speed 1.3%
Other 1.3%
Manual Transmissions 1.5%
8 and 9 Speed Automatics 39.4%
CVTs 23.4%
Eight-, 9- and 10-speed automatic transmissions account for the majority of installed
transmissions in model year 2020 vehicles, with all three types showing growth since
2019. Contrary to expectations, 1-speed electric vehicle transmissions account for just
over 1% of the market, a decline from the 2% share they claimed last year.
Service fill for automatic transmission fluids used to be simple, with most of the mar-
ket satisfied by fluids meeting either General Motors’ or Ford’s specifications (or both).
Today, ATFs have exclusionary viscometrics and tight performance limits. It takes
more than 100 formulations to cover all the vehicles and models currently on the road,
according to Jack Zakarian of JAZTech Consulting.
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Global
Passenger
Car
Motor
Oil
Demand
(millions
of
metric
tons
per
year)
Forecast Impact of Non-ICE Vehicles on Passenger
Car Motor Oil Demand
Aggressive estimate of penetration by non-ICE vehicles, assuming implementation of all pro-EV regulations announced to date.
Also assumes 7% vehicle scrap rate.
Sources: PCMO Baseline: 2018 Kline data/Oronite analysis, with India China growth adjusted lower for outer years.
2011 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Potential demand lost to
non-ICE vehicles: 20%
United States
Japan
India
Europe
China

Forecasted PCMO demand
PCMO baseline
Policy and Incentive Check Box
Canada China EU India Japan U.S.
Vehicle Regulations
Zero-emissions vehicle
mandate
* *
Fuel economy standards
Vehicle Incentives Fiscal incentives
Vehicle Targets *
Industrial Policies Subsidy
Charger Regulations
Hardware standards
Building regulations * * *
Charger Incentives Fiscal incentives *
Charger Targets
* At state level in some states
Source: International Energy Agency
Electric Vehicles InSite provides a continually updated reference
resource detailing the interface between lubricants and the EV market.
Get your EV strategy on the road or keep it on track.
LubesnGreases.com/electric-vehicles
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
INSITE
In these graphs from Lubes’n’Greases Electric Vehicles Insite, we see that EVs will
eventually dampen demand growth for passenger car motor oil. PCMO volumes will
continue to rise, though not as much as if internal combustion engines retained their
dominance in the car parc. Chevron Oronite calculated that global demand will be 13%
less than it would have been by 2040.
Government policies and incentives are a major driver in the uptake of EVs. But even
with favorable incentives in place, common issues such as lack of charging infrastruc-
ture and consumer attitudes still hinder growth. It remains to be seen if governmental
help can break down those barriers.
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Global Lubricating Grease Production
Conventional Lithium Greases
Lithium Complex Greases
Polyurea Greases
Aluminum Soap Greases
Calcium Sulfonate Greases
Other Calcium Types
Organophilic Clay Thickeners
Other Non-Soap
Sodium and Other Metallic Soap Greases
May not equal 100 due to rounding.
Source: NLGI
Global
2020 Total: 2.4 Billion Pounds
51%
20%
2%
1%
2%
10%
4%
3%
6%
Europe
2020 Total: 467 Million Pounds
53%
16%
1%
1%
3%
8%
7%
5%
5%
Asia
2020 Total: 1.4 Billion Pounds
56%
16%
2%
1%
1%
13%
2%
2%
8%
North America
2020 Total: 359 Million Pounds
43%
20%
3%
2%
4%
6%
8%
8%
6%
Global production of lubricating grease
saw an decrease of 11% to 2.4 billion
pounds from 2019 to 2020, according to
the National Lubricating Grease Institute’s
annual survey.
Lithium remains by far the most popular
thickener type, despite the steady in
crease in price due to growing demand
from battery electric applications.
As with other kinds of lubricants, the use
of synthetic, semi-synthetic and biobased
base oils is increasing in greases.
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OILS
American Petroleum Institute (API) licenses heavy-duty and passenger car engine oils
worldwide that meet the standards described in API 1509, “Engine Oil Licensing and
Certification System.”
Contact: Jeff Harmening, American Petroleum Institute, 200 Massachusetts Ave. N.W.,
Washington, DC 20001, U.S.A.
• Phone: +1 202-682-8310
• Email: eolcs@api.org
•
View licensee directory at engineoil.api.org
General Motors recommends the use of engine oils licensed to the Dexos specifications in
all its gasoline and light-duty diesel engines globally. The trademarked Dexos specifications
supersede previous GM engine oil specifications. The latest passenger car engine oil spec,
Dexos1 Gen 3, had its first available use on Sept. 1, 2021. GM Customer Care and Aftersales
manages Dexos licensing.
GM Customer Care and Aftersales, Attn: Garret Paul Bien, (Mail Code 480-204-150), 31057
Louis Chevrolet Road, Warren, MI 48093-2355, U.S.A.
• Phone: +1 248-296-3488
• Email: garret.1.bien@gm.com
• Website: www.gmdexos.com
The Japan Automotive Standards Organization (JASO) adopted in 2019 the GLV-1
classification for SAE 0W-12 and SAE 0W-8 gasoline passenger car engine oils, which
conform to the JASO M 364:2019 standard. Marketers of conforming oils can submit data,
pay a fee and be listed in JASO’s “On-File” system, in both Japanese and English.
continued
0W-16
SAE
AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
CERTIFIED FOR
GASOLINE
ENGINES
Revised Released: 6.28.19
GM Design - Corp ID
Never attempt to redraw or re-scale the dexos logo elements
Master Art 20155a dexos2 logo (replaces 19933a-b, 19934a-b)
CMYK
20155a - primary logo
pantone 638
cmyk
FOR 1QT label
Minimum size - 1.5 inches or 38.1mm
FOR 5QT label
GM Design - Corp ID
Master Art 20170a dexos1 GEN3 primary logo
CMYK
pantone 363
cmyk
FOR 1QT label
FOR 5QT label
Clear space must be maintained around the logo.
X is 1/2 the height of the GM APPROVED - GEN 3
X
X
X
X
X
GM Design - Corp ID
Master Art 20152a dexosD logo (replaces 20043a)
CMYK
pantone 7583C
cmyk
Want to license an engine oil? Certify
a lubricating grease? Sell an approved
outboard motor oil? Verify that your
food-grade lubricant meets international
standards? Here’s a quick reference.
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OILS, continued
Contact: JASO Engine Oil Standards Implementation Panel; c/o Business Dept., Japan
Lubricating Oil Society; 2-16-1, Hinode, Funabashi-shi; Chiba 273-0015, Japan.
• Phone: +81 47-433-5181
• Website: www.jalos.or.jp/onfile
The European Engine Lubricants Quality Management System (EELQMS) is a voluntary pro-
gram for automotive engine oils used in European vehicles. Jointly developed by the European
Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA), the Technical Committee of Petroleum Addi-
tive Manufacturers in Europe (ATC) and the Technical Association of the European Lubricants
Industry (ATIEL), it is the only system that can be used to support claims against ACEA’s oil
standards. The EELQMS is administered by Services to Associations and Industry in the Lubri-
cants sector (SAIL).
Contact: Lizbeth Elias, ATIEL, rue Belliard, 40, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
• Phone: +32 2 786 30 31
• Email: info@eelqms.eu
•
To seek compliance, visit www.eelqms.eu or or www.sail-europe.eu/
Mercedes-Benz maintains a series of specifications called “sheets” for both gasoline-fueled
cars (MB 229.1, 229.3, etc.) and diesel engines (the MB 228 series). Products that have been
tested and approved by Mercedes-Benz are listed under the relevant sheet at https://bevo.
mercedes-benz.com.
Suppliers seeking a product approval from Mercedes-Benz first must gain access to the
company’s online BEAM system, or Operating Fluid Application Module, at https://bevo.mer-
cedes-benz.com/beam. Begin by using the site to send a short introductory letter in PDF
continued
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OILS, continued
format on your company stationery. After review and acceptance, the automaker will send a
contract “Terms of Use for BEAM” to complete the authorization and set up an account. Those
with BEAM access can see the procedures to follow, full specifications, costs, services, status
overview and other details.
Contact:
• Website: https://bevo.mercedes-benz.com/beam
ENGINE OIL SUPPLY CHAIN
Started by Shell and now under the American Petroleum Institute, “Motor Oil Matters” aims to
ensure consumers receive high-quality engine oils via a secure chain of custody, with controls
in place from the blending plant to the distributor to the installer or point of sale. Distributors
and installers that are licensees may display the appropriate logo.
Contact: Jeff Harmening, American Petroleum Institute, 200 Massachusetts Ave. N.W.,
Washington, DC 20001, U.S.A.
• Phone: +1 202-682-8310
• Website: motoroilmatters.org
FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
FM Approvals reviews, tests and audits hydraulic fluids and their manufacturers for
conformance to Standard 6930, “Flammability Classification of Industrial Fluids.”
Contact: Joanna Blaney, FM Approvals, P.O. Box 9102, Norwood, MA 02062-9102, U.S.A.
• Phone: +1 781-255-4725
•
Email: joanna.blaney@FMapprovals.com
• Website: www.fmapprovals.com/approval-standards
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FOOD-GRADE LUBRICANTS
NSF International is a recognized registration (NSF Nonfood Compounds Registration) and
certification body (ISO 21469) of lubricants and other compounds that may have incidental
contact with food. Its online White Book lists products that comply.
NSF acquired its European counterpart InS Services in July 2019. NSF is working to transfer all
InS approvals to the NSF registry.
Contact: Nonfood Compounds Registration Program, NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Rd.,
Ann Arbor, MI 48105, U.S.A.
• Phone: +1 800-673-6275
• Email: nonfood@nsf.org
•
Verify products at www.nsfwhitebook.org
LUBRICATING GREASE
Since 1990, the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) has licensed automotive service
greases described in ASTM D4950, “Standard Classification Specification for Automotive
Service Grease.” Categories include GC, LB and GC-LB for wheel-bearing greases. A new High
Performance Multi-use (HPM) grease standard came to market this year.
Contact: Crystal O’Halloran, NLGI, 118 N. Conistor St., Suite B-281, Liberty, MO 64068, U.S.A.
• Phone: +1 816-524-2500
• Email: nlgi@nlgi.org
•
Verify products at www.nlgi.org/certifications/product
S
S
S
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MARINE ENGINE OILS
The National Marine Manufacturers Association (NMMA) licenses two-stroke and four-stroke
cycle gasoline inboard and outboard engine oils worldwide. Its longstanding FC-W and TC-W3
licenses were joined in 2009 by a third category for catalyzed marine engines (“FC-W Catalyst
Compatible”).
Contact: Scott Berry, NMMA, 231 S. LaSalle St., Suite 2050, Chicago, IL 60604, U.S.A.
• Phone: +1 312-946-6254
• Email: sberry@nmma.org
•
Verify products at www.nmma.org/certification/oil
MOTORCYCLE ENGINE OILS
JASO, representing six automotive and oil organizations in Japan, licenses motorcycle engine
oils meeting its JASO T-903 standard for four-stroke engine oils (licensed as MA, MA1, MA2
and MB) and JASO M345:2018 for two-cycle oils (licensed as FB, FC and FD). Marketers of
conforming oils can submit data, pay a fee and be listed in JASO’s “On-File” system, in both
Japanese and English.
Contact: JASO Engine Oil Standards Implementation Panel; c/o Business Dept., Japan
Lubricating Oil Society; 2-16-1, Hinode, Funabashi-shi; Chiba 273-0015, Japan.
• Phone: +81 47-433-5181
• Website: www.jalos.or.jp/onfile
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TRANSMISSION FLUIDS
Each U.S. automaker maintains its own factory- and service-fill specification for automatic
transmission fluids.
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles recommends using licensed ATF+4 in transmissions that specify
ATF+4, ATF+3, ATF+2, and ATF+. Licensing and quality monitoring is administered by the
Center for Quality Assurance.
Contact: Center for Quality Assurance, Attn: Licensing Administration, 4800 James Savage
Rd., Midland, MI 48642, U.S.A.
• Phone: +1 989-496-2399
• Email: ATF+4@CenterForQA.com
• Website: https://www.centerforqa.com/contact/
Ford’s ATF license system, administered by Southwest Research Institute, uses the Mercon
brand and permits use of only Mercon V, Mercon LV and Mercon ULV products for all
its vehicles.
Contact: Chintan Ved, Chairperson, MERCON Committee, Ford Motor Co., Livonia ATO, 35500
Plymouth Rd., Box 215, Livonia, MI 48150, U.S.A.
• Email: cved@ford.com
General Motors licenses its trademarked Dexron products, with sub-licenses managed by
Afton Chemical, Infineum and Lubrizol.
Contact: GM Customer Care and Aftersales, Attn: Garret Paul Bien, (Mail Code 480-204-150),
31057 Louis Chevrolet Road, Warren, MI 48093-2355, U.S.A.
• Phone: +1 586-492-8282
• Email: garret.1.bien@gm.com
• Website: www.gmdexron.com
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LNG factbook 2021 2022