10. At the start the dyes are placed in the solvent in a closed container The chromatogram at the end of the run. The sovent front is marked with a pencil
11. Chromatography This is what it may look like whilst the solvent front rises up the paper. One doesn’t always need expensive apparatus!
12. The results can look complicated BUT, with the help of R f values we can simplify them
17. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION Fractional distillation This differs from simple distillation by using a fractionating column between the flask and the cold water condenser. It may be used to separate liquids with closer boiling points