1. GOLDEN RULE #1
TENSES MOVE “BACKWARDS”
WILL/ CAN
WOULD/COULD
PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINOUS PAST CONT.
PAST SIMPLE & PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT
2. GOLDEN RULE #2
INTRODUCE REPORTED SPEECH AS FOLLOWS:
HE SAID ( TO ME) THAT
HE TOLD ME (THAT)……….. + AFFIRMATIVE
SENTENCE ORDER
HE ASKED ME IF/
WHETHER…………….
He said that she was a dull girl.
He told me he wanted to get rid of the old junk.
He asked me if I was cross with him.
3. GOLDEN RULE #3
SOME TIME AND PLACE EXPRESSIONS
MIGHT CHANGE:
TIME EXPRESSIONS PLACE EXPRESSIONS
NOW THEN HERE THERE
TODAY THAT DAY IN THIS CLASS IN THAT CLASS
TONIGHT THAT NIGHT IN THESE SHOPS IN THOSE SHOPS
YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE
NEXT THE
FOLLOWING…
LAST THE PREVIOUS…
BEFORE EARLIER
