Russia - in the world: past, present, future.

RUSSIA - in the world: past,RUSSIA - in the world: past,
present, futurepresent, future
Eric Van Cauwenberge
Former lecturer KATHO (now VIVES)
April 23–2019

Welcome - TopicsWelcome - Topics
Background – some history (1)
The Russian Federation (10)
Introduction – name (1)
Maps (5)
People (12)
Health care (14)
The State of Psychiatry (3)
Well being (7)
School system (3)
Disable people (3)

Structure of Russia (8)
Government Profile (27)
The president and his wife (36)
The Presidential Executive Staff (3)
FSB (2)
The Juridical Branche (6)
Economic profile (13)
BRICS (14)
Gazprom (5) - LUKoil (3)
Pipelines (7)

Russia international (6)
Russia and the EU (12)
Corruption (5)
Cartoons (10)
The media (2)
Navalny (6)
Geo-politics (9) + Frozen conflicts
Oligarchs (2)
The Military Branch (5)
The Faces of Russia (3)
Sources (25)

The Kremlin – The center of the world?The Kremlin – The center of the world?

Background – some historyBackground – some history
In December 1991 splintered the USSR into 15
independent republics – the Soviet flag above the Kremlin
was lowered for the last time (dec 25th
)
The Russian Federation was born
Russia emerged from a decade of post-Soviet economic
and political turmoil to reassert itself as a world power

The Russian FederationThe Russian Federation
Boris Yeltsin won the first democratic presidential elections
in June 91. Re-elected in July 1996
A period of rapid privatization under the rule of President
Boris Yeltsin (early 1990s) created a powerful group of
magnates - known as "oligarchs" - with vast energy, media
and other business interests
A sharp contrast to widespread economic hardship among
ordinary Russians

The Russian Federation (1)The Russian Federation (1)
Former KGB officer V Putin quickly moved to break the
oligarchs' influence - a close-knit circle of his associates
has since - directly or indirectly - to a large replaced extent
them in their control of key economic assets
Income from vast natural resources, above all oil and gas,
have helped Russia overcome the economic collapse of
1998
The state-run gas monopoly Gazprom supplies a large
share of Europe's needs in gas and oil

Economic strength has allowed Vladimir Putin to enhance
state control over political institutions and the media
A process supplemented more recently by an emphasis on
fierce nationalism and hostility to the West
Back by a booming economy (in the 2000s) it adopted a
more assertive foreign policy stance
Began to promote its perceived interests in former Soviet
states more openly - even at the cost of antagonizing the
West

The resulting tensions first became acute in August 2008,
when a protracted row over two breakaway regions of
Georgia escalated into a military conflict between Russia
and Georgia
Further diplomatic friction followed over US missile
defense plans in Eastern Europe - since shelved - and
Moscow's role in Iran's nuclear energy programme
A "reset" of Russia-US ties early in 2010 resulted in a new
nuclear arms treaty - but fell foul of Kremlin anger at US
criticism of its treatment of opposition activist

The Ukrainian revolution of February 2014, which ousted
Russian ally President Viktor Yanukovych and ushered in a
Western-leaning leadership, triggered an even more
serious crisis in East-West relations - especially after
Russia responded by annexing Crimea
The US, EU and other Western states accused Moscow of
directly supporting the subsequent pro-Russian rebellions
in eastern Ukraine
Imposed sanctions against businesses and individuals
close to President Putin

Even a new Cold War
Russia's recent economic power has lain in its key natural
resources - oil and gas
The energy giant Gazprom is close to the Russian state
and critics say it is little more than a tool used by the
Kremlin to bolster control both at home and abroad
Moscow has more than once reminded the rest of the
world of the power it wields as a major energy supplier -
most recently in the Ukraine conflict in 2014

The country is now ruled by the ”St Petersburg set”
The economy (averaged 7% growth during the 1998-2008
period as oil prices rose rapidly) has seen diminishing
growth rates since then due to the exhaustion of Russia’s
commodity-based growth model
A combination of falling oil prices, international sanctions,
and structural limitations pushed Russia into a deep
recession in 2015, with GDP falling by close to 2.8%
The downturn continued through 2016 (GDP - 0.2%), but
was reversed in 2017 as world demand picked up

Government support for import substitution has increased
recently in an effort to diversify the economy away from
extractive industries
Russians make up more than 80% of the population
-Orthodox Christianity is the main religion - there are many
other ethnic and religious groups - Muslims are
concentrated among the Volga Tatars, the Bashkirs (North
Caucasus)
Separatists and latterly armed Islamists have made the
Caucasus region of Chechnya a war zone

Area: 17.098.242 square kilometres - 11 time zones -
comparison to the world: 1
Population: 142.122.776 (July 2018 est.)
Capital: Moscow (12.4 million) largest city in Russia
1.8 times the size of the USA - 518 times Belgium
9th
in the ranking of the population number
Etnic groups Russian 77.7%, Tatar 3.7%, Ukrainian
1.4%, Bashkir-Chuvash-Chechen 1%, other 10.2%, (2010
est.) - nearly 200 national and/or ethnic groups are
represented

Introduction - NameIntroduction - Name
Conventional long form: Russian Federation
Conventional short form: Russia
Local long form: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya:
Former Russian Empire
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Map – general mapMap – general map

Map – surrounding countriesMap – surrounding countries

Map in perspectiveMap in perspective

PeoplePeople
Median age
total: 39.8 years - male: 36.9 years - female: 42.7 years
(2018 est.)
Population growth rate
- 0.11 % (2018 est.) - ranking 205th
Death rate
13.4 deaths/1000 population (2018 est.)
Death rate is double the average for developed
countries

People (1)People (1)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 71.3 years – USA 79.8 – EU 80.2 years
male: 65.6 years - female: 77.3 years (2018 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163th
Total fertility rate
1.61 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Death rate
13.4 deaths/1.000 population (2018 est.) USA 8.2/1000

People (2): Life expectancy 1990-2017People (2): Life expectancy 1990-2017

Life expectancy – comparaison ‘50-2014Life expectancy – comparaison ‘50-2014

People (3)People (3)
Infant mortality rate
total: 6.7 deaths/ 1.000 live births - USA 5.8 deaths/1.000
live births - EU 4 deaths/1.000 live births
HIV/people living with HIV/aids
1 million (2017 est.) - country comparison to the world:
11th
25-04-19

People (4) Evolution of populationPeople (4) Evolution of population

People (5) Evolution of populationPeople (5) Evolution of population

0-14 years : 17.21% (male 12.566.314 /female 11.896.416)
15-24 years: 9.41% (male 6.840.759 /female 6.530.991)
25-54 years: 44.21% (male 30.868.831 /female
31.960.407) 55-64 years: 14.51% (male 8.907.031 /female
11.709.921)
65 years and over: 14.66% (male 6.565.308 /female
14.276.798) (2018 est.)
People (6) – Age StructurePeople (6) – Age Structure

People (7) Population Pyramid (2018)People (7) Population Pyramid (2018)

People (8) – the problem of RussiaPeople (8) – the problem of Russia

The life of RussianThe life of Russian
WomenWomen

Who believes inWho believes in
GodGod

Health careHealth care
Hospital bed density
8.2 beds/1.000 population (2013)
Sanitation facility access – improved
urban: 77% of population - Belgium 100%
rural: 58.7% of population
total: 72.2% of population
Sanitation facility access – unimproved
urban: 23% of population
rural: 41.3% of population
total: 27.8% of population (2015 est.)

For the state healthcare fund employees and employers pay around
2 to 3 % of wages to a social tax - then a small percentage of that
money goes into the healthcare fund - The state fund covers a basic
healthcare package
Dependent family members are covered by the contributions paid by
employed family members - The unemployed, old age pensioners
and people on long-term sickness benefit are also entitled to free
health (the state covering their contribution)
Vulnerable groups are not exempt from fees payable directly to
doctors, which again makes healthcare virtually impossible, for them
The self employed must pay their own contributions in full

Once an employer pays this compulsory medical insurance, he has
the right to free medical assistance from public healthcare clinics
Hospitals and clinics exist in all major towns and cities of Russia
-Patients are admitted to hospital either through the emergency
department or through a referral by their doctor - Once a patient is
admitted treatment is controlled by one of the hospital doctors
Emergency treatment is provided at the emergency room of all
hospitals. Emergency departments are open non-stop all year
While it is by no means perfect, healthcare in Moscow is far better
than in many parts of Russia, where some 17.500 towns and
villages across the country have no medical infrastructure to speak
of

The conditions in most of the states hospitals are very bad - it is
estimated that over one third of the country's hospitals and clinics
lack hot water and some of them have no running water at all
Citizens who can afford private insurance can ensure that they
receive the best medical care available
Private medical services include treatment by specialists,
hospitalization, prescriptions, pregnancy and childbirth and
rehabilitation
Few can afford this option and those in dire need of good medical
care may be forced to take out private insurance
Most doctors will ask for extra payment or take a bribe for their
services because medical professionals are often very poorly paid

People and health carePeople and health care
This service gap could be exacerbated if the government realizes
its plans to cut an already-stretched healthcare budget by a third in
2017
“The families of patients are often forced to bring them food”
A mere 2 % of Russians say they are proud of the country’s state
health care system
Waiting times for treatment have increased, and patients have
been forced to pay for more services that were previously free
Due to its poor organizational structure, lack of government funds,
outdated medical equipment and poorly paid staff, many Russian
citizens fail to access an acceptable level of healthcare (public
services)

Russia spent just 5.6 % of its GDP on healthcare (average of 9 %
spent by other major countries) - 2016
A 2016 report from the Institute of Modern Russia claims that doctor
training in Russia is very outdated, with many practicing doctors
educated in Soviet times and qualifications lagging behind the west
Only 5 % of Russian citizens had health insurance in 2015, most of
them living in major cities
Putin announced a large-scale health care reform in 2011 and
pledged to allocate more than 300 billion rubles ($10 billion) in the
next few years to improve health care in the country - He also said
that obligatory medical insurance tax paid by companies for
compulsory medical insurance will increase from current 3.1% to
5.1%
Health care – spendingsHealth care – spendings

In May 2012 Putin signed the May Decrees which included a plan to
double the wages of healthcare staff by 2018 and gradual
privatisation of state health services
In November 2014 the wage rises in Moscow led to the closure of 15
hospitals and 7.000 redundancies
According to Mark Britnell the constitutional right to healthcare is
"blocked by opaque and bureaucratic systems of planning and
regulation"
Reimbursement rates which do not cover providers costs and high
levels of informal payment to secure timely access - a "mosaic" of
federal and state level agencies responsible for managing the public
system

Doctors are known as vratch and are the first point of contact with
the state health system - Citizens can register with the doctor of their
choice - the doctor must be contracted into the medical scheme
-When you visit the doctor, you need to present your insurance
cover, to determine the level of medical care available
Health centers are known as polyklinika or polyclinics. They may or
may not be associated with a hospital - They employ GPs (called
therapists) and various specialists - Doctors are qualified to give out
prescription medicine, but they often want additional payment
The government has doubled monthly child support payments and
offered a one-time payment of 250.000 Rubles (around US$10.000)
to women who had a second child since 2007

The crisis in Russia's health care system has continued for a number
of years
Despite the large number of hospitals and a huge army of medical
doctors, they been unable to provide people with an acceptable level
of health care services
This is mainly due to a continued lack of funds, medical and
technical equipment and supplies, and, finally, to the ineffective
organization of health care delivery services - As a result, the quality
of services and their accessibility remains quite low
Under present conditions of economic crisis, most medical facilities
have given the highest priority to problems of lack of finances and
financial instability
Health care in generalHealth care in general

External causes of death such as suicide (1.8%), road accidents
(1.7%), murders (1.1%), accidental alcohol poisoning (1.1%), and
accidental drowning (0.5%), claimed 244.463 lives in total (11%)
Other major causes of death were diseases of the digestive system
(4.3%), respiratory disease (3.8%), infectious and parasitic diseases
(1.6%), and tuberculosis (1.2%)
It is estimated that 330.000-400.000 people die each year due to
smoking-related diseases. A smoking ban was introduced in 2014
Alcohol consumption and alcoholism are major problems - A recent
study blamed alcohol for more than half the deaths (52%) among
Russians aged 15 to 54
Major health issuesMajor health issues

Coordination of activities in responding to AIDS remains a challenge
for Russia, despite increased efforts - In 2006, treatment for some
patients was interrupted due to delays in tender procedures and
unexpected difficulties with customs
Additionally, lack of full commitment to an in-depth program for
education on sex and drugs in schools hinders effective prevention
programs for children
With a rate of 27.1 suicides per 100.000 people, Russia has one of
the highest suicide rates in the world
In 2007 about 22% of all suicides were committed by people aged
40–49, and almost six times as many Russian males commit suicide
than females
Major health issuesMajor health issues

Top 10 causes of death (2017) %- change,Top 10 causes of death (2017) %- change,
2007-2017, all ages, number2007-2017, all ages, number

Top 10 causes of years of life lost – 20Top 10 causes of years of life lost – 2017 - %17 - %
change, 2007-2017 - all ages - numberchange, 2007-2017 - all ages - number

Top 10 causes of years lived with disability 2017Top 10 causes of years lived with disability 2017
% change - 2007-2017 - all ages - number% change - 2007-2017 - all ages - number

Since 2000, one-third of inpatient psychiatric facilities have been
found to be unsuitable because of unsanitary conditions
During the Soviet era, psychiatric hospitals were often located in
former barracks, monasteries, and even concentration camps
Deinstitutionalization has not affected many of them, and people still
perish in these buildings.
In 2013, just outside Moscow and Novgorod, some 70 people died in
a fire
Living conditions are frequently inadequate and at times gruesome:
12 to 15 patients in a big room, no bedside tables, bars on the
windows, not enough toilets, and often no partitions
The State of PsychiatryThe State of Psychiatry

Despite difficult conditions and restrictions on their independence,
some medical directors of these facilities manage to provide a
decent psychological atmosphere and good psychiatric patient care
in their institution
Always funded just to the verge of collapse, Russian psychiatry is
going through a severe crisis
Constant attempts at cost saving affect the mentally ill, who are
generally perceived as a burden on society or as a hidden danger,
and their rights are openly ignored
By 2012, there were 277 such clinics instead of the 318 available in
2005

There have also been reductions in the number and quality of
medications available to patients with psychiatric illnesses
Physicians and staff must work at least 50% longer
On average, every specialist in the public sector of psychiatry
manages 20 to 25 patients at the same time and receives a salary of
US $200 to $500 per month
We provide a glimpse into Russian psychiatry from the point of view
of the Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia (a professional
human rights organization)

Current well-being strengths andCurrent well-being strengths and
weaknesses in the Russian Federationweaknesses in the Russian Federation

How’s Life – Changes in the last 10 yearHow’s Life – Changes in the last 10 year

How’s Life - Changes in the last 10 yearHow’s Life - Changes in the last 10 year

How’s Life - well-beingHow’s Life - well-being

Better Life IndexBetter Life Index
The Better Life Index is an interactive web application that allows
users to compare well-being across OECD countries and beyond
on the basis of the set of well-being indicators used in How’s Life?.
Users chose what weight to give to each of the eleven dimensions
shown below and then see how countries perform, based on their
own personal priorities in life
https://www.oecd.org/russia/Bett
er-Life-Initiative-country-note-
Russian-Federation.pdf

How’s Life - Changes in the last 10 yearHow’s Life - Changes in the last 10 year
For Russian users of the Better Life Index, health, housing and
income are the three most important topics

Pre-school Optional for ages three to six - Fees are usually payable,
and they’re not always sufficient government subsidized places
Primary School Compulsory from age six to 10 for all children
-Education at primary level is free
Secondary School Secondary school from age 11 - 15 is mandatory
- Following exams, students decide to remain in school to prepare for
university attendance, take vocational courses, or leave education
The school year: from the first of September through to May -
although some students will have to come to school during June for
exams
School systemSchool system

The year is split into four terms, with short breaks in between them In
most cases, the school day starts at around 8am, and runs until 1 or
2pm
School is open five days a week, but some schools also require
students to do some extra hours of school-based study over the
weekends
Russia has the highest literacy rate of 99.5% in the world
Literacy (definition: age 15 and over can read and write)
male: 99.7% - female: 99.6% (2015 est.)
School systemSchool system

Russian higher education system has four levels
2 years Diploma of Incomplete Higher Education, known as diploma
4-year program, known as Bakalavr degree
1-2 years postgraduate program, a Specialist Diploma known as
Magistr degree
3 years scientific degree, (Candidate of Science). This is usually
same as the Ph.D program
 5 to 10 years scientific degree, (Doctor of Science)
This is the highest award in the study of sciences. Same as the
degree of habilitation in Germany and other European countries
Higher educationHigher education

Minister of education - Olga VasilyevaMinister of education - Olga Vasilyeva

Under the new system, health authorities award grants according to
the loss of a particular function of the body
Only patients deemed to have lost at least 40% of one of their body
functions can now apply for financial assistance
As a result, the number of Russians formally recognized as disabled
has dropped by almost 500.000 in 18 months – from 12.9 million in
early 2014 to 12.5 million in September 2015
Many children with disabilities remain segregated in specialized
schools for children with certain types of disabilities
These schools are often located far from children’s homes and may
offer limited academic programs
Disable people careDisable people care

Other children with disabilities stay isolated in their homes, with very
limited interaction with peers and visits from teachers a few times a
week
Some school administrators have refused to admit children with
disabilities based on assumptions that they are unable to learn, are
unsafe around other children, or engage in disruptive behavior
Russian law ban disability-based discrimination in all spheres of life
beginning on January 1, 2016
Human Rights Watch researchers visited 10 state orphanages for
children with disabilities in Russia in 2013-2014 and found that many
children suffered serious abuse and neglect on the part of institution
staff
Disable people careDisable people care

According to federal laws relating to access, every car park (public
and private) should have at least 10 percent of the total number of
spaces dedicated as special parking places for the disabled, and
there should be at least one disabled place. Disabled people (or their
driver) can use these parking places free of charge
The law grants people with disabilities free use of public transport
(not including taxis), however this is limited to Russian citizens -
Each municipality decides how to issue benefit cards to the disabled
people living in that area
Provision for education for the disabled or those with special needs
in Russia is below that of most advanced countries, especially in
languages other than Russian
Disable people care – the lawDisable people care – the law

Structure of RussiaStructure of Russia
Government type
federation
Capital
Moscow (S Sobaynin)
Administrative divisions
46 oblasts, 21 republics, 4 autonomous okrugs,
9 krays, 2 federal cities

Structure of Russia (1)Structure of Russia (1)
46 Oblasts to compare with a province
4 autonomous okrougs = districts - governor
21 autonomous republics - a president, parliament - a
representative in the Duma
9 autonomous krays = territories
2 federal cities
Each 2 representatives in the federation council

Administrative divisions

South (*) including Crimea, annexed by Russia - 2014
Federal Districts: federalnyje okroega (8)

Federal districts: federalnyje okroega - groupings of the
federal subjects of Russia
All federal units are grouped under 8 districts
Headed by the governor-general - Nominated by the
president - Plenipotentiary Representative of the
President - presidential decree
Since May 13 2000 created by Putin to have more power
on internal affairs (terrorism)
To reassert federal authority
Federal districts are not provisioned by the Constitution
of Russia

Independence
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday
Russia Day, 12 June (1990)
Constitution
adopted 12 December 1993
Now 25 years

Legal system
based on civil law system
Suffrage
18 years of age – universal
Flag description
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue,
and red

Structure of Russia – branches of power (6)Structure of Russia – branches of power (6)

Government profile – The executive BGovernment profile – The executive B
Executive Branch
The president
oThe Presidential Executive Office
The government
oThe prime minister
oThe deputy prime ministers
oMinisters
Federal services-agencies
Security council
State council

Government ProfileGovernment Profile
Executive branch
Chief of state:
President Vladimir Putin
Elected on March 18, 2018 (76.7 %)
Elected for six years by the citizens on the basis of a
general, equal and direct vote by secret ballot

Executive branch
Prime minister: D Medvedev (former president)
First deputy prime minister: Anton Siluanov (since May
2018)
GovernmentGovernment

2012 - They changed of job2012 - They changed of job

Government (1)Government (1)
• Executive branch
Deputy prime ministers: M Akimov (2018), Y Borisov (2018),
K Chuychenko (2018), T Golikova (2018), Olga Golodets (
2012), A Gordeyev (2018), D Kozak (2008), V Mutko
( 2016), Y Trutnev (2013)
K Chuychenko - head of the government executive office

The Russian governmentThe Russian government

• Executive branch
Foreign affairs minister: Sergey Lavrov
Finance minister: A Siluanov
Defence minister: S Shoygu
Chief of the Government Staff: K Chuychenko

Ensures a financial, credit and monetary policy, a policy in
the area of culture, science, education, health, social
welfare, ecology, and other spheres of social life.
Is headed by the Prime Minister. It includes the deputy
prime ministers and federal ministers. The Government
includes federal structures and federal agencies
The Presidential Executive Office: providing support
for the President’s work and monitoring implementation
of the President’s decisions
Head Anton Vaino

Foreign Intelligence Service: called upon to protect individuals,
society and the state from foreign threats - S Naryshkin
Federal Security Service (FSB) - A Bortnikov
Federal National Guard Service - V Zolotov
Federal Guard Service: - D Kochnev
Federal Service for Financial Monitoring: responsible for countering
money laundering and terrorism financing – Y Chikhanchin
Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and
Welfare: - A Popova
Federal Service for Environmental, Technological, and Nuclear
Supervision: - A Aleshin
Government (4)-Government (4)- Federal Services-AgenciesFederal Services-Agencies

The Presidential Executive Office (1)The Presidential Executive Office (1)
Supports the President’s work, including by preparing draft
laws for the President to submit to the State Duma
as legislative initiatives
Drawing up bills submit to the State Duma
for consideration - repares drafts of decrees, orders,
instructions - speeches and other documents (including
the President’s Annual Address to the Federal Assembly)
Co-ordinates the work with political parties, non-
governmental, non-profit organizations, unions, foreign
governments and their representatives

Co-ordinates Russian and foreign politicians and public
figures and international organizations
Analyzes all information on socioeconomic, political
and legal trends both domestically and internationally
-examines individual petitions and proposals from non-
governmental or non-profit organizations, local authorities -
reports to the President accordingly
Managed by the Chief of Staff Anton Vaino

A Vaino: chief of staff – burocrat – Tallinn – worked in
governmental staff – was deputy chief
S Kiriyenko: first deputy chief of staff - Union of Right
Forces party - Former Plenipotentiary Envoy to the Volga
Federal District – Former prime minister -
Former head of Rosatom
Alexey A Gromov: first deputy chief of staff –
former diplomat – former press attache of Putin
Dmitry Peskov: presidential press secretary

Kiriyenko in the staffKiriyenko in the staff

The Security Council (5)The Security Council (5)
Encompasses the security of the individual, society
and the state in the face of both internal and external
threats - Composed of key ministers and agency heads
Involves priority areas: state security, public safety,
socioeconomic security, security in the spheres of defense,
information, the military and international affairs
Draws up crucial documents defining conceptual
approaches to national security
Secretary: N. Patrushev
Advisory institution

Meeting with the security councilMeeting with the security council

The State Council (6)The State Council (6)
Chairman: the president
Members: the speaker of the federation council - the
speaker of the state duma - presidential plenipotentiary
envoys to the federal districts - senior officials in Russia’s
federal constituent entities - heads of the political parties -
individuals holding senior official positions (state and
civic)
Advisory body that assists the President in guaranteeing
coordinated functioning and interaction of the various
state bodies of power
Secretary: Igor Levitin

The State CouncilThe State Council

Government Profile (7)Government Profile (7)
Legislative branch – chapter 5 constitution
Bi-cameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye
Sobraniye:
 The Federation Council or Sovjet Federatsii
 Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma

Legislative branch: Federation Council
170 seats - consists of two delegates from each Russian
constituent component (83)
One representing the given region's legislative assembly
(member of the component region's legislative assembly)
-The other representing the provincial executive
authorities (appointed by the Governor)
Chairman: Valentina Matviyenko
Task:The Council is charged in cooperating with
the Duma in completing and voting on draft laws

Legislative branch: State Duma
Speaker V Volodin - important for the party United Russia
o 450 seats - 225 elected from party lists in a single nationwide
constituency on proportional basis (5 % of the vote) – 225 seats are
elected in single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post
system
o Members elected for 5 years
o Elections – last held 18 September 2016
o Is mainly a legislative body
o Tasks: adoption of federal constitutional and federal laws - control
over the activity of the Government - appointment and dismissal of
heads of the Central Bank

Government Profile - Duma (10)Government Profile - Duma (10)
Party % of votes Seats
United Russia 54.2 339
Communist Party 13.3 43
Liberal Democratic Party 13.01 39
A Just Russia 6.22 23
Rodina – CPI - Independent 3
Total 450
Turnout of 47% = low

Government Profile - Duma (10-1)Government Profile - Duma (10-1)
206 constituencies with United Russia candidate: they won 203 –
19 constituencies without United Russia candidate: 7 won by A Just
Russia - 5 by Liberal Democratic Party of Russia - 4 by Communist
Party, and 1 each by an independent candidate, Civic Platform and
Rodina

Putin Domination in the DumaPutin Domination in the Duma

The turnover since 2003The turnover since 2003

Election Day – United Russia celebratesElection Day – United Russia celebrates
A spoiled ballot reads: "Against all -
Pikachu I vote for you!" - a reference to
the Pokemon Go game

Putin speaking for party membersPutin speaking for party members

Juridical branch
The Constitutional Court`s main purpose is to make
certain that the Russian federal decrees are in harmony
with the Russian Constitution - consists of 19 members
Supreme Court of the Russian Federation responsible for
the supervision of all commercial, administrative and
criminal cases - 170 members to be selected by a special
exam – Saint Petersburg – Yury Chaika prosec.-general
o “The Kremlin’s power over the country’s judicial system”
The juridical branchThe juridical branch

Juridical branch - Supreme Court
Organized into the:
o Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs
o The Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs
o The Military Panel
o Country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil,
criminal, administrative cases, military cases, and the
disciplinary judicial board
o Jurisdiction over economic disputes
The juridical branch(1)The juridical branch(1)
V Lebedev Chief Supreme Court

Yuri Chaika prosecutor-general

Juridical branch
All members of the courts appointed by the Federation
Council upon nomination by the President
Subordinate courts:
o Higher Arbitration Court - regional (kray) - provincial
(oblast) courts
o Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts
o Autonomous province and district courts
o The 14 Russian Republics have court systems specified by
their own constitutions
The juridical branch (2)The juridical branch (2)
V Zorkin President Constitutional
Court

The juridical branchThe juridical branch

Constitutional court meetingConstitutional court meeting

Putin 60 years old - ProtestPutin 60 years old - Protest

““Femen” protesting against PutinFemen” protesting against Putin

The president – powers – CV – familyThe president – powers – CV – family
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin

The PresidentThe President
The presidency: created in December 1993, when Boris
Yeltsin's draft constitution won endorsement in a national
referendum
Yeltsin was the first Russian president in the Russian
Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), one of the
Soviet Union’s fifteen republics
V Putin is now president
http://eng.letters.kremlin.ru/send

Putin again president (2018)Putin again president (2018)

The President (1)The President (1)
The position of the president is defined in Chapter 4 of the
Constitution of the Russian Federation
He is the head of state
He is the guarantor of the constitution, civil and human
rights and freedoms
He should protect Russia's sovereignty, independence
and territorial integrity

He is able to issue decrees.
He is commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
He conducts the negotiations and signing of inter-national
treaties to ensure Russia’s sovereignty.
He is responsible for the national security agencies
He represents Russia in international relations, conducts
negotiations and signs international treaties and
agreements.
He is responsible for the annual budget.

He may veto legislation after it has been passed by the
federal legislature
He determines the composition of the government
He is the chairman of the Security Council
His basic state policy guidelines is laid out in a key
document, the annual address to the Federal Assembly

Born: October 7, 1952 in a workers family
Graduated from Leningrad State University Law School
(1975)
1997 Ph. D in Economics – Dissertation: “Strategic
Planning of Regional Raw Material Operations in a Market
Economy”
1975 joined the KBG in charge of intelligence abroad
Two daughters: Maria (1985), Katerina (1986).

Worked in Germany (Dresden ’85-’90)
90-91: advisor of the Leningrad City Council
91-96: chairman of the Committee for External Relations,
St. Petersburg Mayor’s office
97-98: deputy head of Presidential Administration
(protected by Chubais)

98-99: director of Federal Security Service (FSB)
99 (August): secretary of security council
99-2000: prime minister
99 (December)-2000 (May) acting president
2000 (March) elected president
2004 (March) re-elected (70%)
2007 - 2016 Named Time magazine's person of the year
2008 Prime Minister
2012 Re-elected president for another 6 years
2018 Re-elected president till 2024

Approval of Putin/Russian Governement - %Approval of Putin/Russian Governement - %
‘12: Ratings fell down to 63%. After the annexation of Crimea the ratings soared to nearly 90%.
Even a recession, falling real wages and rampant inflation have barely dented his numbers

Approval of Putin’s actionsApproval of Putin’s actions

Eric Van CauwenbergeDo you approve the activities of V Putin as the president?

Putin trustworthy?Putin trustworthy?

Putin is always “late”Putin is always “late”

Hello VladimirHello Vladimir
SpeakingSpeaking

Competitive authoritarian regimes - in which autocrats
submit to meaningful multiparty elections but engage in
serious democratic abuse
A candidate for president must be at least 35 years old and
has to have permanently resided in Russia for the past 10
years, and cannot serve more than two terms
consecutively
Navalny the nation’s most prominent opposition voice, has
been blocked from running in these elections - his
campaign to "boycott" the elections
The system of RussiaThe system of Russia

The President (recent pictures)The President (recent pictures)

The Putin familyThe Putin family

Ludmilla has a new “friend”Ludmilla has a new “friend”

The Putin family – the secund daughterThe Putin family – the secund daughter
31 August 1986- Ekaterina
Vladimirovna Tikhonova -
rock 'n' roll dancer and
scientist

The Putin family - the secund daughterThe Putin family - the secund daughter
Ekaterina ex-husband Kirill Shamalov a Russian businessman, when 32-year he
wed Vladimir Putin's daughter in 2013 and suddenly found his fortunes on the rise - to
the tune of $2 billion in shares and a lucrative post at a petrochemical giant. In 2014
he purchased an additional 17 % share with a loan from the state-owned
Gazprombank. But amid rumors of his separation from Katerina Tikhonova, Mr
Shamalov appears to have been cast out of favour, demoted from his position as
deputy chief executive at Sibur and his wealth halved.

Putin and the church - alliesPutin and the church - allies
For many analysts the term Russky mir, or Russian World, epitomizes an expansionist
and messianic Russian foreign policy, the perverse intersection of the interests of the
Russian state and the Russian Orthodox Church

The church and politicsThe church and politics

Cathedral of Christ the Savior
Church destroyed by Stalin – Rebuilt by PutinChurch destroyed by Stalin – Rebuilt by Putin

Putin – Annual press conferencePutin – Annual press conference
o Continued to position himself
as the West's main
geopolitical foe
o He focused on the economy,
which is expected to return to
moderate growth after
flagging under low oil prices
and Western sanctions
o He says it's 'not my job' to
create rivals for his 2018
election bid
o 1640 journalists - Selected
questions
o The victories he can trumpet
is that in Syria - He said the opposition “shouldn't make noise in the streets,” hinting
at the street protests

Putin – Annual press conferencePutin – Annual press conference

FSB – managementFSB – management
Federal Security Service (FSB)
Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti
FSB is a federal executive body with the authority
to implement government policy in the national security
The protection and defense of the state border of the
Russian Federation
Counterterrorism
Exercising the basic functions of the federal security
services specified in the Russian legislation

FSB – management (1)FSB – management (1)
Federal Security Service (FSB)
Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti
The protection of internal sea waters, the territorial sea,
the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf and
their natural resources
Ensuring the information security of Russia
Coordinating the counterintelligence efforts of the federal
executive bodies that have the power to do so
Director – Alexander Bortnikov
Closer to Medvedev than the Kremlin siloviki!

Economic profile – growth GDP vs OilpriceEconomic profile – growth GDP vs Oilprice

Economic Profile (1)Economic Profile (1)
GDP – Euro 1.403 trillion (2017 est.) – 6th
GDP per capita: Euro 24.810 (2017 est.) - Eurozone:
Euro 31.213
GDP – composition by sector of origin:
agriculture 4,7 %, industry 32,4 % services 62,3 % (2017
est)
Labour force - by occupation:
agriculture 9,4%, industry 27,6%, services 63% (2018
est)
Russia is building pipelines to Europe but much of its
own country has no gas or even plumbing

Unemployment rate: 5.2 % (2017 est.) -77th
Population below poverty: 13.3% (2015 est.)
GDP – real growth rate: 1.5% (2017 est.) - 173th
Inflation rate: 3.7% (2017 est.) – 149th
Still too dependent of
the oil price

IncomeIncome
in Russiain Russia

Oil - production
10.58 million bbl/day (2017 est.) 1th
Refined petroleum products - production
Oil - proved reserves
80 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.) 8th
Crude Oil exports

Natural gas - production
665.6 billion m³ (2017 est.) 2th
Natural gas - exports
210.2 billion m³ (2017 est.) 1st
Natural gas - proved reserves
47.8 trillion m³ (2018 est.) 1st
Diamonds
35 million carats - worth euro1.51 billion (2006)

Economy Profile (5)Economy Profile (5)
Exports
Euro 313.9 billion (2017 est.) 14th
- USA 1.51 tril.US$
*1.42 tril. Euro - EU 2.259 tril. US$ *2,4013 tril. Euro
Exports – commodities
petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals,
wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety
of civilian and military manufactures
Exports – partners
China 10.9%, Netherlands 10%, Germany 7.1%, Belarus
5.1%, Turkey 4.9% (2017)

Imports
Euro 211.6 billion (2017 est.) 20th
* 153.11 bill. Euro – USA
2.273 tril. US$ * 2.2730 tril Euro – EU 2.249 tril.
US$ * 2.1165 tril. Euro
Imports - commodities
machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic,
semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical
and medical instruments, iron, steel
Imports - partners
China 21.2%, Germany 10.7%, US 5.6%, Belarus 5%, Italy
4.5%, France 4.2% (2017)

Currency
Russian ruble (RUR) - Governor Elvira Nabiullina
Exchange rates –collapse of the Rubble
Russian rubles per US dollar: 63.86 (2019) - 56.26
(2018) - 59.90 (2017)- 64.72 (2016) - 60.22 (2015)-
54.28 (2014) – 31.8 (2013) – 30.84 (2012) – 30.37
(2010) - 31.74 (2009) - 24.85 (2008) - 25.581 (2007) -
Russian rubles per EURO: 71.82 (2019) - 70.01 (2018) -
64.63 - 68.52 - 86.49 – 68.74 - 50.47 in 2013

Putin and Governor Elvira NabiullinaPutin and Governor Elvira Nabiullina

Some Russian banknotesSome Russian banknotes

Russian Oil reserve – billion barrelsRussian Oil reserve – billion barrels

Russia - the other brics – grow GDPRussia - the other brics – grow GDP

BRICS – General indicatorsBRICS – General indicators

Biggest employer of Russia (469.600)
The largest supplier of natural gas to Europe and Turkey
In 2018: gas exports hit a record of 201.8 billion meters³
European market 30% of total gas consumption and
64.3% of total imports
EU market these figures were 29.3% - 43.1%
Russian state owns 50 % of the stocks
Chain of pipelines: Blue Stream, North Stream,
Turkstream, Yamal (European pipeline)
GazpromGazprom

Holds the world’s largest natural gas reserves - The share
in the global and Russian gas reserves amounts
to 17% and 72 % per cent respectively - Accounts for 12
% and 68 % of the global and national gas output
correspondingly
Owns the world’s largest gas transmission system with
a total length of 172.1 thousand kilometers –S ells more
than half of its gas to Russian consumers
Exports gas to more than 30 countries within and beyond
the former SU
Is among Russia’s top four oil producer
Gazprom - No. 1Gazprom - No. 1

Gazprom and partners (2)Gazprom and partners (2)
Key International Partners:
o E.ON - BASF – Wintershall - Verbundnetz Gas – VNG
-Siemens (Germany) * Eni (Italy)
o ENGIE – EDF – Total (France) * OMV (Austria)
o Botas (Turkey) * Pagnig (Poland) * MOL (Hungary)
o EDF - Total (France) * SPP (Slovakia) * EAD (Bulgaria)
o Gasunie – GasTerra (Netherlands) * CNPC (China)
o Fortum (Finland) * Srbijagas (Serbia)
o Dong Energy (Denmark)
o Statoil (Norway) + Shell international

Gazprom – meeting shareholders (3)Gazprom – meeting shareholders (3)
Alexy Miller: Chairman of Gazprom's Management
Committee - Deputy Chairman of Gazprom's Board
of Directors
Viktor Zubkov Chairman of the Board of Directors, Russian
Special Presidential Representative for Cooperation with
Gas Exporting Countries Forum

Share of Russian gas consumption - %Share of Russian gas consumption - %

This gas pipeline is designed to deliver Russian natural
gas to Turkey across the Black Sea bypassing third
countries
It supplements the gas transmission corridor running from
Russia to Turkey via Ukraine, Moldova, Romania and
Bulgaria
The 1.213 km long gas pipeline consists of an overland
and a submerged section
Capacity is 16 billion cubic meters of gas annually
Blue Stream pipelineBlue Stream pipeline

Blue Stream pipeline in the systemBlue Stream pipeline in the system
Italian
Eni – Gazpr
om’s key
partner

TurkStream gas pipelineTurkStream gas pipeline

Is a new export gas pipeline stretching from Russia
to Turkey across the Black Sea -The first string is intended
for Turkish consumers
While the second string will deliver gas to southern and
southeastern Europe
Will have the throughput capacity of 15.75 billion m³ each
2016 Agreement – Works started 2017
Will start on the Russian coast (Anapa) - 900 km through
the Black Sea to come ashore Thrace region of Turkey
2019
TurkStream gas pipelineTurkStream gas pipeline

Yamal gas pipelineYamal gas pipeline Russia, Belarus,Russia, Belarus,
Poland, GermanyPoland, Germany

North Stream Pipeline - readyNorth Stream Pipeline - ready

North Stream Pipeline 2North Stream Pipeline 2

2 % of global production of crude oil – V Alekperov
The largest privately owned oil & gas company in the world
by proved oil reserves - Employs 110.000 people
Full production cycle to control the entire value chain from
upstream to downstream - 13.594 billion barrels of oil and
23.946 trillion cubic feet of gas
Proved The first Russian company to receive full listing on
the London Stock Exchange
LUKOilLUKOil
President of LUKOIL

Implementing oil & gas exploration and production projects
in 12 countries
Oil refineries in 5 countries
Russian and international markets - 15% of Russian oil
production - 15% of Russian oil refining - Every day
millions of people in 30 countries of the world buy their
products
5.390 filling stations (including franchises) and 84 storage
facilities with total capacity of 0.84 mln m³
LUKoil (1)LUKoil (1)
Valery Grayfer : Chairman
of the Board of Directors

Filling Stations – LUKOil (2) – 24 countriesFilling Stations – LUKOil (2) – 24 countries

A framework for exchanging experience + information
among Member Countries - objective to increase the level
of coordination and strengthen - international
governmental organization - gathering of the world’s
leading gas producers - The Secretariat is the executive
body - Seyed Mohammad Hossein Adeli (CEO-Iran)
Algeria, Bolivia, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago, United Arab
Emirates, Venezuela. Azerbaijan, Iraq, Kazakhstan, the
Netherlands, Norway - Oman and Peru: Observer
Members
Gas exporting forumGas exporting forum

Eurasian Economic UnionEurasian Economic Union
Vladimir Putin's - Restoring Big Soviet Dream
Supreme Eurasian Economic Council meeting
Tigran Sargsyan

The meeting was attended by President of Russia Vladimir
Putin, President of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan Serzh ,
President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko , President of
Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev Prime Minister of
Kyrgyzstan Sapar Isakov, Chairman of the Board of the
Eurasian Economic Commission Tigran Sarkisyan and
President of Moldova Igor Dodon

International organization for regional economic integration
Provides for free movement of goods, services, capital and
labor, pursues coordinated, harmonized and single policy
in the sectors - The Supreme Council is the Union's
supreme authority - Chairman: Tigran Sarkisyan
Armenia – Belarus – Kazakhstan - Kyrgyz Republic - the
Russian Federation
A single economic market of 182.7 million people – 3 % of
the world GDP – 3.7% of the global production – 3 % of the
world export - Oil production: 607.5 million ton (1st
in the
world) - Gas production: 682.6 million m³ (2nd
in de world)

The summit was attended by President of Russia Vladimir Putin,
President of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan, President of Azerbaijan Ilham
Aliyev, President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko , President of
Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev , Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
Sapar Isakov, President of Moldova Igor Dodon, President of
Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon , President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly
Berdimuhamedov, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, and
Chairman of the CIS Executive Committee and CIS Executive
Secretary Sergei Lebedev.
CIS summit meetingCIS summit meeting

Sangahi Cooperation Organisation
Summit

2017: Russia was the fourth largest partner for EU imports
of goods and the third largest partner for EU exports of
goods
2017: manufactured goods dominated exports of goods
from the EU to Russia with a share of almost 90 %
More than two thirds of EU imports of goods from Russia
were energy products
Russia joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 22
August 2012 - This accession is important for the EU
Russia and the EURussia and the EU

Germany was the largest trading partner with Russia in
2017- with imports of goods of EUR 29 billion and exports
of goods of EUR 26 billion
EU exports to Russia are dominated by machinery:
transport equipment – chemicals – medicines
-manufactured products
Russia and the EU (1)Russia and the EU (1)

Russia and the EU (1)Russia and the EU (1)

The postion of Russia in trade (1)The postion of Russia in trade (1)

The world and the EU (1)The world and the EU (1)

The world and the EU (2)The world and the EU (2)

In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea and
continuing destabilization of Ukraine - including aggression
by Russian armed forces on Ukrainian soil - the EU has
suspended talks on visas and a new EU-Russia agreement
Most EU-Russia cooperation programs have been
suspended
Targeted measures have been taken including:
o Access to capital markets
o Defense
o Dual-use goods
Russia and the EU - SanctionsRussia and the EU - Sanctions

Targeted measures have been taken including:
o Sensitive technologies (including those in the energy
sector)
The European Investment Bank and the European Bank
for Reconstruction and Development have suspended the
signing of new financing operations in Russia
The duration of the sanctions to the complete
implementation of the Minsk agreements
The Council prolonged the economic sanctions until march
2020
Russia and the EU (1) - SanctionsRussia and the EU (1) - Sanctions

Bribery + corruption have become endemicBribery + corruption have become endemic
According to economist Alexandra Kalinina, despite the
improved score, corruption in Russia remains “not a
problem, but a business.”
Ordinary Russians describe the level has “high” or “very
high” - Bribe of survival (Yukos)
Independent experts maintain that corruption consumes
as much of 25 % of Russia’s GDP - A World Bank report
puts this figure at 48 %
Corruption has penetrated all levels of government and
most other aspects of life in Russia

Bribery + corruption have become endemicBribery + corruption have become endemic
The most corrupt spheres (in terms of household
corruption): healthcare, education, housing and
communal services
Law-enforcement agencies (including the State Traffic
Safety Inspectorate) – on top of the sphere
Russians have more words for “bribe” then the Eskimos
for “snow”
Russian Public Television, theoretically an autonomous
institution, is dependent on the state - the president
appoints its general manager and board of directors

Corruption Perceptions ranking –Corruption Perceptions ranking –
Transparency International 2018Transparency International 2018

Corruption IndexCorruption Index
– Evolution– Evolution
Public sectorPublic sector

Is Putin blamed for the corruption?Is Putin blamed for the corruption?

Recycling inRecycling in
RussiaRussia

Putin cartoonPutin cartoon

Russia and the financial crisisRussia and the financial crisis

Some cartoonsSome cartoons

Gazprom-Media-Holding: a leading media company in
the production, distribution and promotion of entertainment
and information content across all media platforms
Owns and operates a wide-ranging portfolio of renowned
news and entertainment television brands, radio and print
press assets, online resources, film production and
advertising companies
Offer high information, entertainment and analytic value for
a mass audience and are in demand throughout Russia
and the foreign markets - D Chernyshenko CEO
Gazprom media holdingGazprom media holding

In 2000 it acquired NTV (the only nationwide state-
independent television in Russia of the time) + the media
assets of V Gusinsky's Media Most group - which raised a
major controversy and resulted in considerable changes in
their editorial policy
In 2005 Gazprom-Media purchased Izvestia, a leading
nationwide newspaper - Gazprom sold the group to
Gazprombank
6 TV channels, 28 thematic TV-channels, 10 radio’s, 3
internet companies, 1 satelitte TV-provider, 23 websites
Gazprom media holdingGazprom media holding

Blog of Alaksy NavalnyBlog of Alaksy Navalny
Sometimes in prison and released
A blog is difficult to stop – anti-corruption site: Rospil
United Russia “the party of thieves and crooks” is one of
his sayings - The Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK)
Has set out claims linking a notorious criminal gang and a
series of questionable property deals to the family of the
man at the top of Russia’s judicial system: the prosecutor
general, Yuri Chaika.
Called to “protest” against the fraude in the elections
Maybe is able to unite the oppositon – Progress Party

Alaksy NavalnyAlaksy Navalny

A Navalny – “boycot the elections”A Navalny – “boycot the elections”

Frozen Conflicts: Transnistria-Moldova, South-Ossetia, and
the Russian-Georgian dispute“ - Abkhazia - Nagorno-
Karabach - Human rigths in South Caucasus area –
Cechnia-Dagestan
Ukraine –The Krim – occupied and a piece of Russia
The east of Ukraine invaded and Russian troops – country
destabilised – war is still going on – different groups
fighting
Who shot down the Malaysia passenger plane?
Should we be afraid of Russia? New cold war = Medvedev
Geo-politics of RussiaGeo-politics of Russia

Frozen conflicts – a mapFrozen conflicts – a map

Nagorno- Karabakh (Azebaijan)
Transnistria (Moldova)
Abkhazia – South Ossetia (Georgia)
Donbas and Crimea (Ukraine)
Post-Soviet Frozen Conflits
Keeps this countries unstable
A challenge for European Security
Frozen conflicts – an overveiwFrozen conflicts – an overveiw

The bridge between Russia & CrimeaThe bridge between Russia & Crimea

The bridge between Russia & CrimeaThe bridge between Russia & Crimea
Kerch bridge transport capacity -
a direct link between the Krasnodar
region and Crimea

Why is the EU so weak in international politics? –
EU sanctions – smart ones – Russia has now economic problems
with investments and the weak Rubble
Who is next? What with recognized borders?
What will Trump do, regarding to Russia?
The cease fire of Minsk? – The shooting is going on - NATO is
constructing a rapid intervention force
Gas as a weapon of war – price differences
The Syria crisis Russia active involved – Pax Russia?
Effects on elections: USA, Estonia, Bulgaria, Moldavia, The Czech
Republic – Investigation ongoing in the US - Brexit
Geo-politics of Russia (1)Geo-politics of Russia (1)

OligarchsOligarchs
Oligarch is a synonym of “business magnate” = a person
who controls a large position of a particular industry -
Financed the re-election of Yeltsin in 1996 and get of lot of
power
Russian oligarchs lose US$11bn in just 10 days during oil
price crash
R Abramovich is estimated to have lost US$ 820 mil. –V
Potanin - mining companies has seen losses of up to
US$1.3 bn - his net worth fell to US$13.3 bn
A Usmanov - steel tycoon who owns 1/3 of Arsenal - is
estimated to have lost US$ 910 mil

Off the rich – Russia – Rest of worldOff the rich – Russia – Rest of world

The military branchThe military branch
Chief of the General
Staff of Russia’s Armed
Forces Valery
Gerasimov

End of the Syria OperationEnd of the Syria Operation

Post Sovjet Union – Wealthiest countriesPost Sovjet Union – Wealthiest countries

The “faces” of RussiaThe “faces” of Russia

The biggest annoyance of the RussiansThe biggest annoyance of the Russians

The biggest annoyance of the RussiansThe biggest annoyance of the Russians
How expensive is a bottle of Vodka?

Rusians buy “foreign” productsRusians buy “foreign” products

The Russian bear knows the facts

V Putin – the new Tsar?V Putin – the new Tsar?

How Putin meddles in Western democraciesHow Putin meddles in Western democracies
The Economist

SourcesSources
www.indexmundi.com
www.russiaprofile.org
http://news.bbc.co.uk/
www.nvcreports.com/developmentofrussianeconomysincet
hecollapseofthesovietunioncontrastedwiththeuseconomy.ht
ml
http://vladimirputin.4u.ru/
www.economist.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index
http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfile/WSDBCountryPFView.as
px?Language=E&Country=RU

SourcesSources
www.ceriseonline.be
www.fas.org/irp/world/russia/fsb
www.mosnews.com/mn-files - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
www.waytorussia.net
http://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelong-learning-
programme/erasmus_en.htm
http://www.rferl.org/content/key-players-in-russias-new-
government/24588318.html?s=1
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-
GI-11-001/EN/KS-GI-11-001-EN.PDF

SourcesSources
Different Belgian newpapers, magazines
http://www.russiatoday.ru/en/politics/state/
www.infoplease.com/ipa
www.englishpen.org/writersintranslation
www.newtimes.ru/eng/persons.asp?
www.tvradioworld.com/region3/rus/
www.electionworld.org/russia.htm
www.theotherrussia.org/
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/creating-opportunities/bilateral-
relations/countries/russia/

SourcesSources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin
www.kremlin.ru/eng/articles/L_Putina_eng.shtml
http://mosnews.com/images/g/billioners.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_R
ussia
http://government.ru/eng/power/
Le Monde Diplomatique
www.axisglobe.com
www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2015/cr15211.pdf
RIA Novosty photo archives
www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr13310.pdf

http://eng.da-medvedev.ru/
http://eng.da-medvedev.ru/svetlana-medvedeva
http://eng.special.kremlin.ru/state/administration
http://www.council.gov.ru/eng/about/status/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin
www.poetinblog.nl/2012/07/kremlin-dit-is-poetin.html
www.transparency.org/country#RUS
www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/politics-and-
society/aleksey-navalny/
SourcesSources

http://eng.state.kremlin.ru/president
http://eng.kremlin.ru/news
http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/russia/documents/eu_ru
ssia/econ_stat_en.pdf
http://en.rian.ru/photolents/20120521/173587132_2.html
www.gazprom.com/f/posts/00/463337/gazprom-reference-
figures-2008-2012-eng.pdf
www.transparency.org/gcb2013/country//?country=russia
http://imrussia.org/society/376
www.focus-economics.com/countries/russia
SourcesSources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia
http://government.ru/en/
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/trad
oc_113440.pdf
http://europa.eu/newsroom/highlights/special-
coverage/eu_sanctions/index_en.htm
http://eeas.europa.eu/russia/index_en.htm
http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfiles/RU_E.htm
www.gazprom.com/f/posts/29/761233/gazprom-in-figures-
2009-2013-en.pdf
SourcesSources

www.gazprom.com/f/posts/21/014436/gazprom-annual-
report-2013-en.pdf
www.gazprom.com/about/marketing/europe/
oc_113440.pdf
http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfiles/RU_E.htm
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr14175.pdf
• http://council.gov.ru/en/
The CIA Factbook
SourcesSources

www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2931753/Vladimir-Putin-
s-little-known-mystery-daughter-rock-n-roll-dancing-
businesswoman-scientist-middle-Vladimirovna-claims-
Russian-journalist.html
www.gazprom.com/f/posts/00/463337/gazprom-in-figures-
2010-2014-en.pdf
www.gecf.org/about/overview.aspx
http://eec.eaeunion.org/en/Pages/default.aspx
www.tradingeconomics.com/russia/inflation-cpi
www.theguardian.com/world/datablog/2015/jul/23/vladimir-
putins-approval-rating-at-record-levels
SourcesSources

www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/publication/rer
http://country.eiu.com/russia
http://www.oecd.org/eco/outlook/russian-federation-
economic-forecast-summary.htm
www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/oilprices/12104181/Russian-
oligarchs-lose-11bn-in-just-10-days-during-oil-price-
crash.html
www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20160213_02126221?
_section=60147435&utm_source=standaard&utm_medium
=newsletter&utm_campaign=avondupdate&M_BT=159224
866061&adh_i=b61518c880ebef54590fcd5bfa22ff9e&imai
=
SourcesSources

www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/19/russia-stays-
loyal-kremlin-election-record-low-turnout
http://government.ru/en/
www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17839672
www.vsrf.ru/catalog.php?c1=English&c2=Judicial System
of the Russian Federation&c3=&id=9640
www.ksrf.ru/en/Info/Pages/default.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_legislative_election,_
2016
http://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/russia/tradestats
SourcesSources

www.demorgen.be/buitenland/wordt-deze-man-de-
opvolger-van-poetin-bc933dd7/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_of_Russia
http://government.ru/en/department/113/
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/424231478762
595715/pdf/110037-WP-P161778-PUBLIC-ENGLISH-
NovfinalRussiaInchingtowardsGrowthRERfinal.pdf
www.tradingeconomics.com/russia/indicators
www.economonitor.com/thoughtsacrossatlantic/2016/05/17
/the-russian-economic-crisis-how-severe-and-how-long/
SourcesSources

www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2016/02/daily-
chart-4
www.economist.com/news/europe/21689626-russias-
president-impervious-woes-afflict-normal-leaders-vladimir-
unbound
www.aei.org/spotlight/election-day-for-putins-russia/
www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/s345_e.pdf
www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp445_e.htm
http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfile/WSDBCountryPFView.as
px?Language=E&Country=US,E28
SourcesSources

www.groene.nl/artikel/poetin-stoomt-hockeymaatje-klaar-
voor-presidentschap
http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio
www.carnegiecouncil.org/publications/articles_papers_rep
orts/727
www.ra-national.ru/sites/default/files/analitic_article/Russia
%E2%80%99s%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Sector%20in
%202015%20(eng).pdf
http://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/russia
SourcesSources

http://turkstream.info/
http://www.gazpromexport.ru/en/projects/6/
http://en.transneft.ru/about/
http://www.lukoil.com/materials/doc/documents/Global_tren
ds_to_2025.pdf
http://www.eaeunion.org/?lang=en#info
oc_111720.pdf
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-
regions/countries/russia/
SourcesSources

http://europa.eu/newsroom/highlights/special-
coverage/eu_sanctions_en#5
oc_113440.pdf
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/qua
rterly_report_on_european_gas_markets_q4_2015-
q1_2016.pdf
https://www.euractiv.com/section/europe-s-
east/linksdossier/post-soviet-frozen-conflicts/#ea-
accordion-further-reading
SourcesSources

www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-18/putin-s-
united-russia-gets-45-in-duma-election-exit-poll-shows
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Guard_of_Russia
https://sputniknews.com/russia/201604061037574204-
russian-national-guard-explained/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin
www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-
releases/2016/09/15-eu-prolongs-sanctions/
www.euractiv.com/section/europe-s-east/linksdossier/post-
soviet-frozen-conflicts/#ea-accordion-further-reading
SourcesSources

www.worldometers.info/world-population/russia-population/
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/424231478762595715/p
df/110037-WP-P161778-PUBLIC-ENGLISH-
NovfinalRussiaInchingtowardsGrowthRERfinal.pdf
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/12/19-
sanctions-russia/
http://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/rus/#Exports
www.uitpers.be/artikel/2017/02/01/pax-ruusia-syrie/
http://www.levada.ru/en/ratings/
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-
releases/2017/09/14/ukraine-sanctions/
SourcesSources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_presidential_election,_2018
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-
cage/wp/2017/12/06/yes-the-kremlin-is-worried-about-russias-own-
presidential-elections/?utm_term=.37b385c10893
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/preview-2018-
russia-election-vladimir-putin-navalny-medvedev-sobchak-vote-
a8113521.html
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/vladimir-putin-
annual-press-conference-news-q-and-a-russia-election-opposition-
a8111226.html
SourcesSources

http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/publication/rer
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28930
/30-11-2017-17-58-52-forwebNovFINALRERENGfull.pdf?
sequence=7
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2017/07/10/Russian-
Federation-2017-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-
45054
https://tradingeconomics.com/russia/indicators
http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/russia-population/
https://www.populationpyramid.net/russian-federation/2017/
http://www.worldstopexports.com/russias-top-import-partners/
Further information?: eric.van.cauwenberge@skynet.be
SourcesSources

https://www.statista.com/statistics/263772/gross-domestic-product-
gdp-in-russia/
gdp-per-capita-in-russia/
gdp-growth-rate-in-russia/
https://www.statista.com/statistics/271346/main-export-partners-for-
russia/
https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/russia/tradestats
https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/russia/tradestats#source_2
https://www.statista.com/chart/3710/putin-is-held-in-low-regard-
around-the-world/
SourcesSources

http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-
regions/countries/russia/
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-
releases/2017/12/21/russia-eu-prolongs-economic-sanctions-by-six-
months/
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_111720
.pdf
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/26/russian-billionaire-
loses-half-fortune-divorcing-vladimir-putins/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Russia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Russia
http://www.newsweek.com/2016/12/02/dire-russia-health-care-
523380.html
SourcesSources

https://www.expatica.com/ru/healthcare/healthcare-basics/russian-
healthcare-the-russian-healthcare-system-explained-104030/
https://www.ap-companies.com/services/ekspatam/russia/
https://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF124/CF124.chap5.ht
ml
http://www.healthdata.org/russia
https://transferwise.com/gb/blog/russian-education-overview
https://www.ribttes.com/top-10-facts-education-in-russia/
https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/russia/healthcare/people-with-
disabilities/disabled-organisations
http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/special-reports/state-psychiatry-
russia
SourcesSources

https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-disabled-new-rules-hit-hard-take-
everything-away/27609451.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russian_presidential_election
http://duma.gov.ru/en/duma/about/
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?
title=File:EU-
28_exports_to_and_imports_from_Russia_by_product_group,_2008
_and_2017.png
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?
title=Russia-EU_
%E2%80%93_international_trade_in_goods_statistics
SourcesSources

https://ged-project.de/ged-blog/improving-public-understanding-of-
economic-globalisation/globalization-report-2018-what-about-the-
brics-countries/
http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2017/JSP-2017.pdf
https://warsawinstitute.org/post-soviet-frozen-conflicts-challenge-
european-security/
Eric.van.cauwenberge@skynet.be
SourcesSources

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