2. Introduction
• The concepts that seeded nanotechnology were
first discussed in 1959 by renowned physicist
Richard Feynman.
• In which he described the possibility of
synthesis via direct manipulation of atoms.
• The term "nano-technology" was first used by
Norio Taniguchi in 1974, though it was not
widely known
3. Some facts to visualize Nano
A nm is about the width of six bonded carbon
atoms
your fingernails grow approximately one
nanometer per second.
Another way to visualize a nanometer:
1 inch = 25,400,000 nanometers
A red blood cell is ~7,000 nm in diameter, and
~2000 nm in height
A virus is ~100 nm
4. What is Nanotechnology?
• Nano:
A Nano meter is a unit of length in the metric system,
equal to one billionth of a meter(10-9).
• Technology:
Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of
tools, machines and techniques, in order to solve a problem
or perform a specific function.
• Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an
atomic scale
5. Tool and Technology
• There are several important modern developments.
– The atomic force microscope (AFM).
– The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) are scanning probes that
launched nanotechnology.
• Various techniques of nanolithography such as:
– optical lithography.
– X-ray lithography,
– Dip pen nanolithography
– Electron beam lithography(inkjet printer)
were also developed.
Lithography in MEMS context is typically the transfer of a pattern into a
photosensitive material by selective exposure to a radiation source such as
light.
6. Approaches in nanotechnology
Top-down Approach
Creating Nano-scale
materials by physically
or chemically breaking
down larger materials
Bottom-up Approach
Assembling Nano
materials atom-by-atom
or molecule-by
molecule (self
assembling)
7. CARBON TUBES
• Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbonwith a cylindrical
nanostructure.
• Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family.
Their name is derived from their long, hollow structure with
the walls formed by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon,
called graphene.
• In electric cables and wires
• In solar cells
• In fabrics
8. Nano Materials
• Nano powders - building blocks of nano
materials (particles less than 100 nm in size)
Porous metallic ‘nanocubes’
store large amounts of H2
Nanoparticles of gold for
new catalysts
The scale of
nanopowders
10. STAGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Active nanostructure
• Passive nanostructure
• System of nanosystem
• Molecular nanosystem
11. Nanotechnology in various ways
Plant
production
Ex: Delivery of DNA
to plants
Animal
Production
Ex: Nano tube sensors
to detect hormone level
changes
Animal or
Plant Health
Ex: Detect pathogens
12. Agrochemical
Ex: Nanoparticles in
pesticides
In food
industry
Convergence
Nano-Geo-(Bio)-
Info technology
Sensing
Ex: Detect chemicals
or food borne
pathogen
Safety
Packaging
Ex: Prevent or
respond to spoilage
15. ADVANTAGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Computers can become a billion times faster and a million
times smaller
• Automatic Pollution Cleanup
• Create stronger and durable material
• Cure diseases (eg. cancer)
16. Disadvantages
• Carbon Nanotubes could cause infection of lungs
• Once nano-particles are in the bloodstream, they will be
able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
• Atomic weapons could be more accessible and destructive
17. Future of nanotechnology
National Science and Technology Council (USA)
claims that:
“Nanotechnology is an enabling technology
that will change the nature of almost every
human-made object in the next century.”
18. Conclusion
• Nanotechnology is predicted to be
developed but much depends on our
commitment to its research.
• Like the first human landing on the moon,
or the development of the modern computer,
the development of molecular manufacturing
will require the coordinated efforts of many
people for many years.
