Hussien Essa M.Sc. Thesis (EFFECT OF HATCHERY EARLY FEEDING ON BROILER PERFORMANCE)

1. EFFECT OF HATCHERY EARLY FEEDING ON
BROILER PERFORMANCE
‫التسمين‬ ‫كتاكيت‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫على‬ ‫التفريخ‬ ‫بمعامل‬ ‫المبكرة‬ ‫التغذية‬ ‫تأثير‬

2. M.Sc. Thesis
By
Hussien Gamel Mohamed Essa
B.Sc. Agric, (Poultry prod). Cairo University
(2000)
From
Environmental Studies and Research Institute,
University of Sadat City

3. Prof.Dr. ABDEL-RAHMAN MOHAMED ATTA
Prof. of Poultry Physiology, Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture,
Cairo University.
Prof.Dr. GAMALABDEL-SATAR ZANATY
Prof. of Poultry Nutrition, Head Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture,
Menufyia University.
Prof. Dr. SAYED MOHAMED MOHAMED SHALASH
Chief Researcher of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural
Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Egypt.
Prof.Dr. MAHMOUD SAAD MAHMOUD ABOUSEKKEN
Prof. of Poultry Nutrition & Production, Vice-dean for Postgraduate Studies & researches,
Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City
ADVISORY COMMITTEE

4. Prof. Dr. MAHMOUD SAAD MAHMOUD ABOUSEKKEN
Prof. of Poultry Nutrition & Production, Vice-dean for Postgraduate Studies & researches,
Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City.
Prof. Dr. SAYED MOHAMED MOHAMED SHALASH
Chief Researcher of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research
Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Egypt.
Dr.NIAMAT MAHMOUD ELABD
Lecturer of Poultry Production, Sustainable development of Environment and its Project
Management Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute. University of Sadat City.
SUPERVISION COMMITTEE

6. • In last several decades, a typical broiler chicken took 16
weeks to reach the suitable slaughter weight; in terms of
reducing the rearing period to make priority in advances
in nutrition, this reducing in rearing period could
increase critical first week of life compared with next
coming weeks. Therefore, this period increases by 15%
of rearing period as priority stage defined by Dibner
(1999).

8. • Early nutritional strategies offer the promise of sustaining progress in production efficiency and
welfare of commercial broiler chicken (Noy and Uni, 2010).
• Initial delay in feed and water consumption may cause decreased in growth rate, lower immune
system reaction and digestion disorders.
• The rate of initial limited nutrient uptake and feeding of birds effect on fatality percentage and
caused to suffer by types of disease in broiler.
• The effect of a prolonged holding time after hatch on yolk utilization, growth and gastro-intestinal
development, muscle development and immunological development were detected (Uni and
Ferket, 2004).

11. A total number of 1980 Arber Acres plus breed (AA+) Hatching eggs were
incubated in Chick Master AVIDA Hatcher at Cairo Poultry Company.
Eggs were randomly divided into equal 4 groups of nearly similar means
of Egg Wight (EW) in equal 3 replicates for each treatment.
 Eggs were hatched in suitable Hatcher baskets with experimental
materials, these eggs were hatched 1414 chicks and were sexed.
 Female Chicks were immediately sold out, while, 420 males were used in
the present experimental study.
The Experimental Design

12. The Experimental Design

13. The Experimental Design

14. A total number of 420 day-old broilers male
(AA+) chicks were individually wing-
banded and divided into four feeding trials.
 Chicks were stayed 12 hours after hatch in
carton chick boxes with the same conditions,
and were transported to the broiler farm
within 30 min.

15. 1-Control without feed at hatchery. (3 pens ×35 chicks).
2-Early access feed (Boiled eggs white) at Hatcher baskets &
chicks boxes . (3 pens ×35 chicks).
3-Early access feed (Pieces of fruit orange) at Hatcher baskets &
chicks boxes. (3 pens ×35 chicks).
4-Early access feed (Pre-starter Diet) at Hatcher baskets & chicks
boxes. (3 pens ×35 chicks).
Experimental diets were distributed as following:

16. Tested materials
1-Boiled Eggs white (Albumins) (BWE).
Nutrient Unit 1Value per 100 g
Water g 87.57
Energy kcal 52
Protein g 10.9
Total lipid (total fat) g 0.17
Carbohydrate, by difference g 0.73
Fiber, total dietary g 0
Sugars, total g 0.71
Minerals Unit 1Value per 100 g
Calcium, Ca mg 7
Iron, Fe mg 0.08
Magnesium, Mg mg 11
Phosphorus, P mg 15
Potassium, K mg 163
Sodium, Na mg 166
Zinc, Zn mg 0.03
Vitamins
Unit 1Value per 100
g
Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid mg 7
Thiamin mg 0.08
Riboflavin mg 11
Niacin mg 15
Vitamin B-6 mg 163
Folate, DFE µg 166
Vitamin B-12 µg 0.03
Source: USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard
Reference 28 slightly revised May 2016 Software
v.2.6.1.Report Run at: July 19 2016 15:01 ED

17. Nutrient OFM1 SOPM2 Maize3
Dry matter %, 24.70 89.65 86.00
Crude protein%, 5.26 10.73 9.00
Crude fiber%, 18.22 7.86 2.70
Ether extract %, 1.22 12.60 4.00
Ash %, 12.55 11.90 1.30
Nitrogen free extract% 62.75 56.91 83.00
Metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg) 2650 3988.70 3432.00
Tested materials
2. Orange fruits meal (OF).
OFM1: Agu et al., (2010), SOPM2: Sweet Orange peel meal, Maize3: According to Aduku (1993).

18. Tested materials
3. Pre-starter (PS) and other experimental diet.
Ingredient, % as fed-basis Pre-Starter diet (1-3 days) Starter diet (4-14 days) Grower diet (15-28) days Finisher diet (28-36) days
Yellow corn, 51.87 46.62 59.04 56.64
Soybean meal(46 %CP), 17.00 21.92 20.60 16.80
Full fat soya 15.81 - - 02.83
Extruded soybean 35 - 09.54 - 04.00
Corn Gluten meal ( 60%CP), 07.02 - 8.20 -
Sunflower seed m36% - - 3.80 -
Soya oil Crude - - 3.28 -
Sorghum - 05.00 - 08.00
Ray Seed - 05.00 - 08.00
Poultry by Product - 02.00 - -
Dried corn dist.(DDGS). 03.00 6.23 0.89 -
Di calcium phosphate, - 01.66 01.75 01.91
Monocalcium phosphate, 01.57 - - -
Sodium chloride, 00.34 00.33 00.37 00.35
Vitamin-mineral premix2, 00.30 00.30 00.30 00.30
DL-Methionine, 00.17 00.09 00.11 00.01
L-Lysine, 01.14 - 00.35 00.02
Limestone , 01.72 01.23 01.25 01.06
Choline Chloride 00.06 00.06 00.06 00.06
Anti-Oxidant - 00.02 - 00.02
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Vitamin-mineral premix1: (Vit. & Min.) Was added at a rate of 3 kg per ton of diet and supplied the following per kg of diet (as mg or I.U. per kg of diet): Vit. A 12000 I.U., Vit. D3 2000 I.U., Vit. E 40 mg, Vit. K3 4
mg, Vit. B1 3 mg, Vit. B2 6 mg, Vit. B6 4 mg, Vit. B12 0.03 mg, Niacin 30 mg, Biotin 0.08 mg, Pantothenic acid 12 mg, Folic acid 1.5 mg, chloride 700 mg, Mn 80 mg, Cu 10 mg, Se. 0.2 mg, I 0.4 mg, Fe 40 mg, Zn 70
mg and Co 0.25mg

19. Measurements and methods of interpreting data
 Live body weight (LBW).
 Live body weight gain (LBWG).
 Feed intake (FI).
 Feed conversion ratio (FCR).
 Growth rate (GR).
 Performance index (PI).
 Mortality rate (MR).
 Carcass Characteristics. (CC).
 Blood Parameters.(BP).
 European efficiency factor (EEF).
 Economical efficiency (EEf).

20. Statistical analysis
Using the general linear model (GLM) procedures according to SAS (2009) .
Significant mean differences between treatment means were distinguished by
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Duncan, 1955).
All statements of significance were based on P< 0.05.
The statistical model used in the experiment was as following :
• Yij = M + Ti + Eij Where:
• Yij = the individual observation.
• M = the overall mean.
• Ti = treatment effect.
• Eij = the experimental error.

21. RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION

22. 1- Live body Weight (LBW) as affected by Early Feeding

23. 2- Feed Intake (FI) as affected by Early Feeding

24. 3- Live body Weight Gain (BWG) as affected by Early Feeding.

25. 4- Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) as affected by Early Feeding

26. 5- Growth Rate (GR %) as affected by Early Feeding

27. 6- Livability ratio (Liv %)& Mortality ratio (Mort %).

28. 7-Performance Index (PI %).

29. 8-European efficiency factor (EEF).
•

30. 9- Gastrointestinal tract length (GIT) as affected by Early Feeding

31. 9- Gastrointestinal tract length (GIT) as affected by Early Feeding

32. 10- Carcass Characteristics.

34. Blood Parameters & Hematology.

35. Blood Constituents (BC) at Post hatching as affected by early
Feeding:

36. Blood Constituents (BC) at 2-d of age as affected by early Feeding

37. Blood Constituents (BC) at 10- d of age as affected by early Feeding .

38. Blood Constituents (BC) at 23-d of age as affected by early Feeding.

39. Blood Constituents (BC) at 36-d of age as affected by early Feeding.

40. Blood Hematology (BH) at 5 days of age as affected by early Feeding.

41. Blood Hematology (BH) at 36-d of age as affected by early Feeding.

43. Feed Cost (FC), Net Revenue as (NR), Economical Efficiency (EF), and Relative Economic
Efficiency (REF) as affected by early feeding.

44. 15.45
41.46
25.91
1.66
100
15.39
44.01
27.93
1.73
104
13.98
44.16
28.51
1.82
110
15.59
44.29
28.21
1.75
105
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Total feed cost
Total revenue
Net revenue
Economic efficiency
Relative economic efficiency
PS
OF
BWE
Control

45. CONCLUSIONS

46. • Early feeding with OF and PS diets results in considerable growth
performance benefits, improved Gastrointestinal tract, stimulates the
growth of internal organs (liver, Heart); increase values of Carcass %
compared to chick groups fed control or BWE.
• From Economical point of view, It can concluded that, early feeding with
OF and PS recorded the highest value of economic efficiency and relative
economic efficiency % and improved performance followed by broiler
early fed with BWE.

47. RECOMMENDATIONS
• The study recommended that placing feed in the hatcher baskets or
transportation boxes or by removing and feeding birds that hatch early
has great benefits for broilers performance under practical conditions .
• Remember, the average flock will be about 768 hours (32 days) old at
slaughter and one day is 3% of the birds’ life this means that there is little
or no time to recover if the flock has deviated from the standard.