1. Global Tourism
Managing Tourism Impacts
Ensuring Sustainability

2. By the end of this lesson
You should be able to:
1. Explain what sustainable tourism is.
2. Evaluate
the
strategies
of
sustainable tourism.

3. Sustainable Tourism
• It refers to :
– Tourism that respects both local people and
the traveller, cultural heritage and the
environment. (UNESCO)
– tourism activity that can be maintained over
the long term because it results in a net
benefit for the social, economic, natural and
cultural environments of the area in which it
takes place.

4. 3 Elements of Sustainable Tourism
1. Make optimal use of environmental resources
that constitute a key element in tourism
development, maintaining essential ecological
processes and helping to conserve natural
heritage and biodiversity.

5. 3 Elements of Sustainable Tourism
2. Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host
communities, conserve their built and living
cultural heritage and traditional values, and
contribute to inter-cultural understanding and
tolerance.

6. 3 Elements of Sustainable Tourism
3. Ensure
viable,
long
term
economic
operations, providing socio-economic benefits to
all
stakeholders
that
are
fairly
distributed, including stable employment and
income earning opportunities and social services
to host communities, and contributing to poverty
alleviation.

7. Extended Activity
• Stakeholders of tourism must work
together and respect each other for
sustainable tourism to be successful
• Each stakeholder can also play their part
in making tourism more sustainable
• In your groups, think of how your role can
help make tourism more sustainable

8. Strategies of Sustainable Tourism
1. Establish Laws and Regulations
2. Promoting Ecotourism
3. Promoting Community Based Tourism

9. Establish Laws and Regulations
• Refers to the setting up of guidelines or
restrictions by planning authorities
• This is to deter tourists from irresponsible
behaviour
• Environmental
damage
would
be
minimised and local cultures and traditions
would be respected through such law
enforcements

10. Establish Laws and Regulations
• Law of wildlife conservation in
Costa Rica
• Tourists prohibited from taking
plants and flowers
• Tourists also prohibited from
feeding wild animals to
prevent them from being
dependent on humans for
food

11. Establish Laws and Regulations
• Photographs of
certain sections of the
sacred aboriginal
landmark of Uluru
(Ayers Rock) are not
allowed to be taken
as a sign of respect to
the aboriginal culture
and tradition

12. Establish Laws and Regulations
Problems
• Not all tourists conform to the
environmentally-friendly guidelines as
many feel the use or overuse of resources
is justifiable with payment
• Tourists may also feel self-important and
show little respect for local cultures and
traditions, hence creating disharmony
among the local society

13. Promoting Ecotourism
• Ecotourism refers to environmentally
responsible travel to relatively undisturbed
natural areas that promotes conservation
and improves the well-being of locals
• Practicing ecotourism will allow tourists to
enjoy the experience of being in natural
environments, promote conservation and
ensure that the locals benefit economically

14. Promoting Ecotourism
• Sea-Canoe
ecotourism
Company
(Phuket) limits tourist
numbers to 64 per
day in consideration
of
the
carrying
capacity
of
the
ecologically sensitive
region

15. Promoting Ecotourism
Problems
• Tour operators driven by profits may fail to
conduct
tourist
activities
following
ecotourism guidelines hence end up
degrading the environment

16. Promoting Community Based
Tourism
• Refers to the development and management
of tourism that includes, consults and benefits
the local community, especially in the context
of rural villages and indigenous people
• Giving the locals control over tourist activities
will allow the local community to contribute
their intimate knowledge of the local
environment to tourism projects and help
manage the negative impact of tourism

17. Promoting Community Based
Tourism
• National
Tourism
Authority of Laos
consults
the
communities of the
Phou Khao Khouay
nature reserves in
Laos before making
decisions on various
tourist projects

18. Promoting Community Based
Tourism
Problems
• Many community-based tourism projects
have also failed due to improper
management and poor accessibility.
• A survey of 200 CBT projects in Latin
America reflected only 5% occupancy for
most accommodations.

19. What are Level Descriptor
Questions?
• Level Descriptor Questions require
students to EVALUATE various strategies
employed to create sustainable tourism
• Important to understand effectiveness and
limitation of each strategy
• An authentic example must also be
provided for each of the strategy
discussed

20. PDEA+/- Format
• Designed to help students structure their
answers to answer level descriptor
questions
P  Point
D  Describe
E  Explanation
A+  Effectiveness
A-  Limitations

21. Level Descriptor Questions
Level 1 (0 – 3 marks)
•No reference to named example(s)
•Answer limited to descriptions of measures
only
•No evaluation OR one-sided evaluation of
measures only
•Award L1/1 for simple listing of measures only
•Award L1/2 for answer that describes
measures only
•Award L1/3 for answer that evaluates
measures without the use of examples

22. Level Descriptor Questions
Level 2 (4 – 6 marks)
• Reference to named example(s) e.g. Law
of wildlife conservation in Costa Rica
•At least ONE balanced evaluation of ONE
measure
•Award L2/4 for answer that evaluates ONE
measure only
•Award L2/5 for answer that evaluates ONE
measure and describes ONE other measure
•Award L2/6 for answer that evaluates TWO
measures

23. Level Descriptor Questions
Level 3 (7 – 8 marks)
•L2/6 + Balanced argument
•Award L3/7 for L2/6 + balanced argument
that weighs level of success of measure OR
reflect understanding that there is no one
best method to ensure sustainable tourism
and it depends on where strategies are
implemented
•Award L3/8 for L2/6 + balanced argument
that weighs level of success of measure
AND reflect understanding that there is no
one best method to ensure sustainable
tourism and it depends on where strategies
are implemented

24. How to get LEVEL 3
1.Show a balanced argument
• Evaluate the strategies you have
discussed based on ONE common
factor
 Cost
 Feasibility
 Dependability/ Longevity of Strategy
 The list goes on….

25. How to get LEVEL 3
2. Understand that there is no best method
• All strategies discussed above have their
merits and disadvantages and there is no
one most successful/best method.
• Countries attempting to implement such
measures need to consider the local
situation and available resources before
implementing a one-best or a set of bestexecutable methods that best addresses
the needs of the area in question.