1. 5/2/13 7:54 PMAntibiotic-Resistant Bugs Turn Up Again In Turkey Meat : The Salt : NPR
Page 1 of 4http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/01/180045788/antibiotic-resistant-bugs-turn-up-again-in-turkey-meat
A truckload of live turkeys arrives at a Cargill plant
in Springdale, Ark., in 2011. Most turkeys in the
U.S. are regularly given low doses of antibiotics.
Danny Johnston/AP
Antibiotic-Resistant Bugs Turn Up Again In Turkey
Meat
Consumer groups are stepping up pres-
sure on animal producers and their prac-
tice of giving antibiotics to healthy animals
to prevent disease. In two new reports, the
groups say they're worried that the preventive use of antibiotics is contributing
to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which get harder to treat in
humans and animals over time.
This week, Consumer Reports released a report looking at bacteria on turkey
meat that are resistant to medicines used for humans. Scientists there tested 257
samples of raw ground turkey meat that they purchased at grocery stores
around the country. They conclude that turkey meat that came from turkeys
raised organically without antibiotics was significantly less likely to harbor re-
sistant bacteria compared with meat from conventional turkeys that were given
antibiotics.
"We think these findings underscore a very important [government] recom-
mendation that we don't need to feed healthy animals antibiotics every day to
promote their growth and prevent disease," says Urvashi Rangan, director of
the food safety and sustainability group at Consumer Reports.
The findings came on the heels of a report from another consumer advocacy or-
ganization, the Environmental Working Group, which analyzed data collected
by the federal government's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Sys-
tem. It also documented high levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in store-
bought meats.
The Food and Drug Administration took issue with this EWG analysis, saying

2. 5/2/13 7:54 PMAntibiotic-Resistant Bugs Turn Up Again In Turkey Meat : The Salt : NPR
Page 2 of 4http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/01/180045788/antibiotic-resistant-bugs-turn-up-again-in-turkey-meat
it came to "misleading conclusions." But meanwhile, the agency has weighed in
on the complex problem of antibiotic resistance by calling for the judicious use
of antibiotics in food-producing animals.
"One way FDA is working to address this issue [of resistance] is to phase out
the use of antibiotics in food animals for growth promotion and feed
efficiency," says Jalil Isa, a spokesman for the agency. "FDA believes these
drugs should be used only in situations where they are necessary for ensuring
animal health, and done so under the oversight of a veterinarian."
The most recent data from the FDA show that about 30 million pounds of an-
tibiotics each year are purchased for use in farm animals. That's about four
times more than what doctors prescribe to people.
Around 74 percent of those drugs aren't used to treat sick animals. Instead,
farmers administer them at low doses to help animals grow faster and prevent
infections.
Diana Goodpasture of Akron, Ohio, knows what it's like to be sickened by a
strain of salmonella bacteria that's resistant to antibiotic treatment. In June
2011, after she ate a turkey burger that she had grilled, she became so sick that
she was hospitalized for five days.
"It was terrible; it was the worst thing I ever experienced in my life," Goodpas-
ture tells The Salt. She was infected with salmonella Heidelberg that was resis-
tant to three types of antibiotics: ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline. The
tainted meat was part of a massive ground turkey recall.
Consumer Reports briefed several government agencies on its findings, which
were released April 30, on bacteria in ground turkey meat. In an email, the
FDA's Isa says the report leaves out information that would have been helpful,
such as "details about which types of bacteria were found to be resistant to

3. 5/2/13 7:54 PMAntibiotic-Resistant Bugs Turn Up Again In Turkey Meat : The Salt : NPR
Page 3 of 4http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/01/180045788/antibiotic-resistant-bugs-turn-up-again-in-turkey-meat
which antibiotics."
UPDATE, Wednesday, May 1, 12:30 p.m.
The FDA acknowledges that it overlooked a table in the report that does in-
clude the details on which bacteria were resistant to individual antibiotics.
And the original post continues...
The National Turkey Federation, meanwhile, says it believes turkey producers
are using antibiotics judiciously — and that their practices help keep turkey
flocks healthy. They point out that in general, the antibiotics used most in rais-
ing turkeys are not the same antibiotics that are relied upon to treat people.
NTF President Joel Brandenberger says animal agriculture is only one piece of
the puzzle in the problem of antibiotic resistance, but he recognizes FDA's ef-
forts to work with producers to restrict their use of the drugs.
"The National Turkey Federation has been cautiously supportive of FDA's
strategy," says Brandenberger.
According to poultry scientist Michael Hulet at Penn State University, the poul-
try industry has already stopped using a lot of the drugs that are still used to
treat infections in humans, like ciprofloxacin. And, he says, when the industry
does use the same drugs that doctors prescribe to sick people — drugs like
tetracycline — it's usually only to treat animals that are truly sick, not to pre-
vent disease.
"The industry has really cut back on the number of drugs used [for routine pre-
vention of disease in healthy animals] because of some of the concern about re-
sistance," Hulet says.
But Gail Hansen with the Pew Campaign on Human Health and Industrial

4. 5/2/13 7:54 PMAntibiotic-Resistant Bugs Turn Up Again In Turkey Meat : The Salt : NPR
Page 4 of 4http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/01/180045788/antibiotic-resistant-bugs-turn-up-again-in-turkey-meat
Farming says it's impossible to confirm whether the poultry industry's claims
are true, because there are no publicly available data on how the drugs are ac-
tually used. "So far, all we really have is 'trust' and no way to verify," says
Hansen.
Lawmakers on Capitol Hill have proposed new legislation that would restrict
the use of antibiotics in food animals and eight classes of antibiotics for human
use only.
"We need to take action to confront this growing public health crisis before rou-
tine infections like strep throat become fatal," Democratic New York Rep.
Louise Slaughter, author of the legislation, said in a statement.