EXPLAINS ABOUT WHAT IS BIOPESTICIE? AND ITS TYPES, APPLICATIONS.

1. BIOPESTICIDES
Dr. N. BANU
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
VELS UNIVERSITY

2. BIOPESTICIDES
Biopesticides includes any biological material
and organisms, which can be formulated as
pesticides for the management of pests.
Botanical pesticides (active compounds
extracts from neem, pongamia, etc).
Microbial pesticieds (whole organisms,
secretory or excretary products).

3. Microbial pesticides/Microbial
Insecticides
Population of pathogenic or predatory
microorganisms that are antagonistic towards
particular pest population provide a natural
means of controlling pest population.
IPM: Integrated Pest Mangement
Rather than eradication we are keeping the pest
at a non-injurious level.

4. Characteristic of Microbial pesticides
• Virulent and causes diseases to the pest at a
recommended conc.
• It should not be susceptible to the
environment.
• Pest specific
• Harmless to humans, plants and animals.

5. Adv. And Disadv. Of microbial
pesticides
Adv:
Ecofriendly, ecosafety, biodegrable.
Compatible with biocontrol agents.
Host specific.
No. devt. Of resistant.
Cost effective
No waiting time for harvest.
Well suited to rural areas.
Disadv:
Slow action.
Brief self life
Time consumption for high production.

6. Microbial insecticides
Bacterial pesticides:
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
B. Subtilis (Bs)
Viral pesticides:
Nuclear polyhedral virus (NPV)
Granulosis viruses (GV)
Fungal pesticides:
Entamogenous fungi:
Beauveria bassiana
Metarhizium anisopliae
Verticillium lecanii
Nomuraea rileyi
Antagonistic fungi:
Trichoderma sp.
Gliocladium sp.
Anatagonistic bacteria:
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Bacillus subtilis
Mycoherbicides
Insect repellants
Pheromones.

7. BACTERIAL PESTICIDES
Endospore forming – Bacillus, Clostridium
Non-endospore forming – Pseudomonas
Enterobacter
Proteus
Serratia
Xenorhabdus.

8. Bt
Tested against 140 insect sp. (Lepidotera,
Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera)
12 groups of Bt. – forms protein crystal inclusion
bodies.
Formation of endotoxin. Soluble in alkaline
condition, not soluble in water, neutral or acidic
pH.
Caterpillar larvae (pest) Midgut of this larvae is
alkaline.
Crystal is dissolved in the midgut and digested. This
digested protein attacks the gut wall and looses
the epithelial wall and leading to gut paralysis.
LD50 value = <0.9 µg/g of larvae.

9. PRODUCTION OF Bt
• Bt gene introduced into plant or plant associated
microorganisms via rDNA technology.
• Submerged fermentation.
Beet molasses, csl, calcium carbonate.
Semisolid fermentation.
Wheat bran: aerobic, 36-48 hrs, drying and
grinding the bran cake.
Commercial name: DIPEL, DOOM.

10. Bt in the field
• Only short term control
• Do not persist from year to year
• Before spry, the leaves are covered well.
• Bt inactivated by sunlight & uv to avoid this
emulsifying agents, stickers or binders and uv
protectants can be used.

11. Bacillus popilliae and Bacillus
lentimorbus
• Against milky disease in Japan beetle.
• Ingestion of viable spores by larvae.
• Germination in the gut
• Vet. Cells penetrate the gut.
• Enter the body cavity.
• Removes all nutrients from blood.
• Death.

12. Viruses as insect pests
Insect viruses present in protein coats which are insoluble
in water. This protein crystals protect the viruses for
many years.
Polyhedrosis virus: many virus particle embedded in
protein crystal.
Present in the cell nucleus – Nuclear polyhedrosis virus
(NPV).
Present in the host cytoplasm – cytoplasmic polyhedrosis
virus (CPV).
Granulosis virus: only one virus per protein crystals.
NGV and CGV.

13. Mechanism of action
• Ingestion of NPV/GV by larvae
• Multiplication of viruses in the larvae and
make them lethargic
• Affected larvae become sluggish and stop
feeding
• Die.
TAIVIRODAE – NPV contros bollworm, budworm,
Helicoverpa armigera.

14. Production of insect virus
Live insects are needed.
Bollworm larvae are raised on a semi-synthetic
medium (casein, sucrose, wheat germ, growth
factors, agar)
Chemicals – formalin, sorbic acid, aureomycin –
used to inhibit the bacteria, yeast and fungi.
Diet – inoculated by caterpillars.
Viruses sprayed on the diet which replicates on the
caterpillars to 5000 – 10,000 times in 5-7 days.
Infected caterpillars – suctioned and treated with
water , filtered, centrifuged, precipitated and spry
dried.
Packaged and sold.

15. FUNGAL PESTICIDES
Beauvaria, Metarrhizium, Entomophtora, Hirsutella and
Trichoderma.
Trichoderma:
Rapid growth
High sporulation
Production of antibiotics (gliotoxin, viridin)
Antagonist.
Commercial name: BINABTSEEPIC , against soil borne
diseases.
Trichoderma harzianum against Rhizoctonia solanii,
Fusarium sp.
Air borne against Botrytis cinerea, Puccinia.
Seed borne against Damping off of pea.
Fruit borne against Botrytis rot of strawberry,
Colletotrichum.

16. Mechanism of action
Chitinases and β-1,3 glucanases.
Mode of application:
Mycelial form
Production:
Liquid media, semi-solid medium
Commercial products:
ANTAGON, BIOCURE-F, BIODERMA, TRICHOCAN.
Mixed with organic manures, composts, dry cow
dungs, fym, neem cake.

17. Entomopathogenic nematodes
• Steinernematidae
• Heterorhabditidae
• Long term survival
• Symbiotic association with bacteria:
• Steinernema with Xenorhabdus
• Heterorhabda with Photorhabdus