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A Brief Overview of Federal Racketeering Laws in the United States Presentation at the Yaroslav Mudry National Law Academy Ethan S. Burger, Esq, Project Director & Research Associate Professor Transnational Crime & Corruption Center School of International Service Nebraska Hall, Room 206 American University Washington, D.C. 20016  [email_address] www.american.edu/traccc
Major Areas of Economic Activity for Organized Crime ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Framework for U.S. Racketeering Legislation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Principal Federal Actors ,[object Object],[object Object]
Civil RICO, 18 U.S.C. §1962 (a) – (c) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic Concepts in RICO ,[object Object],[object Object]
Basic Concepts (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Concept of “Act or Threat” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Illustrative Federal Predicate Offenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RICO Provides for 4 Criminal Violations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Major Amendments to Original Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Civil Remedies ,[object Object],[object Object]
State Anti-Organized Crime Legislation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Illustrative RICO Statistics Source: U.S. Justice Federal Statistics Data Base, Nov. 2001  99 107 Other 7 -- Threats 39 71 Extortion Credit Transactions  9 10 Robbery 3 1 Murder (1 st  Degree) 190 413 Money Laundering 5 9 Conspiracy/Murder/Conspiracy 142 62 Murder 3 13 Prostitution 26  62 Narcotics 10 10 Liquor 5 9 Gambling 14 2 Extortion 4 8 Bribery -- 2 Arson 556 779 RACKETEERING TOTAL 1996 1995 TOTAL DEFENDANTS IN CASES FILED
Racketeering and Extortion Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, Compendium of Justice Statistics for 1999, published 2001, p. 56 2 Dismissed Non-Jury 17 Dismissed Jury (includes mistrials) 105 Dismissed (Trial) 124 Not Convicted Total 9 Non-Jury Trial 101 Jury Trial 0 Nolo Contendre 865 Guilty Plea 975 Total 88.7% % of Defendants Convicted 1,099 Total Defendants
Practical Consequences: Why are There So Few RICO Cases? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
State Statistics Are Difficult to Compare without Thorough Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
USA Patriot Act: Terrorism as a Form of Organized Crime ,[object Object],[object Object]

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Civil RICO - Racketeer Influenced and Corruption Organizations Act

  • 1. A Brief Overview of Federal Racketeering Laws in the United States Presentation at the Yaroslav Mudry National Law Academy Ethan S. Burger, Esq, Project Director & Research Associate Professor Transnational Crime & Corruption Center School of International Service Nebraska Hall, Room 206 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 [email_address] www.american.edu/traccc
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
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  • 11.
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  • 13.
  • 14. Illustrative RICO Statistics Source: U.S. Justice Federal Statistics Data Base, Nov. 2001 99 107 Other 7 -- Threats 39 71 Extortion Credit Transactions 9 10 Robbery 3 1 Murder (1 st Degree) 190 413 Money Laundering 5 9 Conspiracy/Murder/Conspiracy 142 62 Murder 3 13 Prostitution 26 62 Narcotics 10 10 Liquor 5 9 Gambling 14 2 Extortion 4 8 Bribery -- 2 Arson 556 779 RACKETEERING TOTAL 1996 1995 TOTAL DEFENDANTS IN CASES FILED
  • 15. Racketeering and Extortion Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, Compendium of Justice Statistics for 1999, published 2001, p. 56 2 Dismissed Non-Jury 17 Dismissed Jury (includes mistrials) 105 Dismissed (Trial) 124 Not Convicted Total 9 Non-Jury Trial 101 Jury Trial 0 Nolo Contendre 865 Guilty Plea 975 Total 88.7% % of Defendants Convicted 1,099 Total Defendants
  • 16.
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  • 18.