This presentation has been presented on The 4th International Converence on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), on October 23-24, 2019

1. ICT Infrastructure Set and
Adoption of Filipino and
Indonesian SHS Students:
Application of UTAUT
Julius G. Garcia
College of Industrial Technology
Technological University of the Philippines
Manila, Philippines
julius.tim.garcia@gmail.com
Connie C. Aunario
College of Industrial Technology
Technological University of the Philippines
Manila, Philippines
conniecruzaunario@yahoo.com
Eva Handriyantini*
Programme of Study in Information System
STIKI Malang
Malang Indonesia
eva@stiki.ac.id

2. INTRODUCTION
Information Communication Technology (ICT)
Utilized in public
and private
educational
institutions
Makes learning a more
active and engaging
Serves as a
platform and a
tool
Prepares and equips students the set of competencies for
a competitive 21st century marketplace

3. Government Initiatives on ICT Programs
Philippines Indonesia
• In 1996, the Department of
Education (DepEd) started a
computerization program for
secondary schools.
• In 2017, the Department of
Information and Communication
Technology (DICT) presented the
National Broadband Plan
• In 1983, University of Indonesia
through Dr. Joseph F.P Luhukay
developed University Network
(UINet)
• The Ministry of Communication
and Informatics reinforces
National Connectivity through
the Medium-Term National
Development Plan (RPJMN) 2015–
2019

4. Government Initiatives on ICT Programs
Philippines Indonesia
• In 2018, ICT laboratory
packages were provided to
secondary schools and
electronic classrooms in
elementary schools.
• DepEd also has allotted $19.1M
fund for the Internet
Connectivity Program in five
pivot regions
• Ministry of Communication and
Informatics Annual Report
2017, the ICT literacy training
initiatives reached a total
26,530 people
• ICT program consists of 58
activities in 23 cities all over
Indonesia
JG1

5. Slide 4
JG1 teachers, school-age children, housewives, and people with disability from 2015 - 2017
Julius Garcia, 10/19/2019

6. Challenges
•ICT does not guarantee higher returns.
•The issues on utilization and acceptance
of ICT among students are also
paramount.
Thus, explaining acceptance of
technologies is crucial to ensure that the
investment on these ICTs are maximized.

7. Research Framework of the Study

8. Statement of the Problem
1. What is the perception of Filipino and Indonesian
students on the provision of ICT infrastructure and
resources in their respective schools?
2. Is there a significant difference between Filipino and
Indonesian students’ utilization of ICT infrastructure and
resources in learning and research?
3. Do social influence, performance expectancy and
effort expectancy influence Filipino and Indonesian senior
high school students’ behavioral intention to use ICT?
4. Does facilitating condition directly affects the ICT use
of Filipino and Indonesian senior high school students?

9. METHODOLOGY
• A total of 529 senior high school students
• 293 Filipino students
• 236 Indonesian students
• A survey questionnaire adopted from Unified Theory of
Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTUAT)
• A five-point Likert scale was employed.
• Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was conducted using
AMOS software.
• Confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were also
conducted so that it could be tested against the theory.

10. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Comparison of Internet Provision and Connectivity
Internet Provision and
Connectivity
Filipino Students Indonesian
Students
P-value
Mean SD Mean SD Sig
Internet Access in Computer
Laboratory
3.67 0.97 4.29 0.71 0.000
Internet Access in Campus
Library
3.90 0.94 4.11 0.80 0.007
Internet Connection Speed 2.27 1.11 3.36 1.10 0.000

11. Comparison of ICT Infrastructure and Resources
ICT Infrastructure and Resources
Provision
Filipino Students Indonesian Students P-value
Mean SD Mean SD Sig
Computer Laboratory in Campus 3.88 0.91 4.26 0.74 0.000
Availability of Computer
Laboratory
3.29 1.06 3.60 0.92 0.000
Availability of Computers in the
Library
3.61 0.92 3.62 0.97 0.918
Software Availability in Computer
Laboratory
4.04 0.87 3.86 0.80 0.014
Software Availability in the
Library for Use
3.94 0.97 3.97 0.79 0.685

12. Comparison of ICT Resources Utilization
Utilization of ICT Resources
and Tools for Learning and
Research
Filipino Students Indonesian Students P-value
Mean SD Mean SD Sig
Use of Projector During Class
Presentation
3.10 1.15 3.28 1.39 0.104
Use of Mobile Device During
Class Presentation
3.77 1.07 3.47 1.05 0.001
Use of SNS to communicate
with classmates and teachers
2.87 1.05 2.89 1.07 0.804
Use of Email to communicate
with classmates
2.76 1.22 2.97 1.45 0.082

13. Comparison of ICT Resources Utilization
Utilization of ICT Resources and
Tools for Learning and Research
Filipino Students Indonesian Students P-value
Mean SD Mean SD Sig
Use of Learning Management
System to communicate with
classmates
2.51 1.07 2.65 0.83 0.075
Use of online database and
journals to get research paper
or articles.
3.23 1.15 3.79 .90 .000
Use of search engines to look
for information
4.46 .87 4.08 .83 .000

14. Comparison of UTAUT Model
UTAUT Model for Filipino Students UTAUT Model for Indonesian Students

15. Model Path Coefficients Values
Path of Constructs Filipino
Students
Indonesian
Students
β R2 β R2
Performance Expectancy → Behavioral
Intention
.01 .28*
Effort Expectancy → Behavioral Inten on .29* -.17
Social Influence → Behavioral Inten on .24*** .20 .40** .24
Facilita ng Condi on → Use of Technology .32*** .43***
Behavioral Inten on → Use of Technology .46*** .39 .42*** .42

16. Conclusion
Among the three predictors of Behavioral Intentions
• only SOCIAL INFLUENCE positively influences behavioral intention or
acceptance to use ICT for learning and research of Indonesian and Filipino
students
For Filipino Students
• EFFORT EXPECTANCY influences the behavioral intention of Filipino
students
For Indonesian Students
• PERFORMANCE EXPECTANCY is the predictor that significantly
affects the behavioral intention
Behavioral Intention and Facilitating Conditions also predict the ICT use
for learning and research of Filipino and Indonesian students.

17. Conclusion
Implications
•Improve ICT facilities, infrastructure, and
technical support is crucial.
•Improve bandwidth and access to the
wireless network inside the campus
•Encourage students to utilize the learning
management system

18. Conclusion
Implications
•Increasing their awareness through interventions
such as seminars and information drives
•The social influence of the students’ close peers,
parents, siblings, and their teachers in using ICT
should not be overlooked
•The need to utilize SNS in communicating with
students and teachers can create and maintain
social capital among them

19. Conclusion
Recommendation
•increase the sample size
•include the effect of moderating variables (age,
gender etc.)
•include cultural factors in understanding ICT
acceptance and use

20. Julius G. Garcia
College of Industrial Technology
Technological University of the Philippines
Manila, Philippines
julius.tim.garcia@gmail.com
Connie C. Aunario
College of Industrial Technology
Technological University of the Philippines
Manila, Philippines
conniecruzaunario@yahoo.com
Eva Handriyantini*
Programme of Study in Information System
STIKI Malang
Malang Indonesia
eva@stiki.ac.id
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