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The rock cycle and carbon cycle
- 1. Memory Monday WWW, EBI LO: I understand there are 3 different types of rock, and can explain igneous and sedimentary rocks
- 2. ROCKS There are 3 different types of rock 1) Igneous 2) Sedimentary 3) Metamorphic Do you know what rocks are made of? Elements Compounds Minerals Rocks
- 3. 1) Igneous Rocks These are formed from magma (melted underground rock) which is pushed up through the crust – and often out through volcanoes. They contain various minerals in randomly arranged interlocking crystals. The size of the crystals (or texture) depends on the speed of cooling. Large crystals means the rock has cooled slowly. Examples: basalt, granite
- 4. Igneous rocks • Extrusive – cool quickly above ground • Intrusive – cool slowly under ground and eventually get exposed when rocks above them wear away.
- 5. 2) Sedimentary Rocks These are formed from layers of sediment (rock fragments or dead matter) laid down in lakes or seas over millions of years. These layers are cemented together by other minerals. Fossils can form in the sediments (dead remains of plants and animals). We can use these to work out the age of the rock!
- 6. Sedimentary Rocks Examples of sedimentary rocks include: • Limestone • Chalk • Sandstone
- 7. 3) Metamorphic rocks • These are the result of heat and increased pressure acting on existing rocks over long periods of time. • They may have really tiny crystals and some have layers.
- 8. Metamorphic Rocks • Examples: • Marble • Slate • Schist
- 9. Monday - Your turn • Sort the rocks into their types • Write about the 3 types of rock we have learned about today! • Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks are formed from… They contain… There are two types: • Sedimentary Rocks These are formed from.. The layers are… ___ can form in the sediments. ____ are…
- 10. Tuesday - Your turn • In your books write the last rock heading and finish your fact file about each type of rock • Metamorphic Rocks These are the result of… Some examples include… You then have a chocolate practical to complete! These demonstrate the layers of rock.
- 11. The Rock Cycle
- 12. Explain what you see…
- 16. TPS – 2mins What do all the pictures you have just seen have in common?? They are all CYCLES. Write your own definition for a cycle (2 mins)
- 17. Cycles- Key definition A series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order.
- 19. The Rock Cycle 1) WEATHERING – Breaking down rocks into smaller bits. The sun can cause rock to expand and contract therefore causing it to break, or freeze-thaw weathering. 2) EROSION – Wearing down rocks e.g. by rain 3) TRANSPORTATION – Moving the eroded bits of rock round the world by wind/water 4) DEPOSITION – laying down of sediment 5) BURIAL/COMPRESSION/CEMENTATION – Squeezing the layers of rock together – forming sedimentary rocks 6) HEAT/PRESSURE – further squashing and heating turns the rocks into metamorphic rocks 7) MELTING – makes the rock partially melt: magma 8) COOLING – solidofication of the molten rock to form igneous rocks. 9) EXPOSURE- weathering and erosion again Cycle starts again.
- 20. Weathering and erosion (2 mins) Q. What could cause the rock on the Earth’s surface to break off into smaller pieces (also known as sediment)?? A. Wind, Rain, Human activity, Freeze-Thaw Extension: What is the difference between Lava and Magma?
- 21. Deposition, compaction and cementation (3 mins) As the sediment (small pieces of rocks) enter the sea/river, the following 3 stages occur: 1. Deposition 2. Compaction 3. Cementation Q. For each stage suggest what is happening.
- 22. The sediment reaches a lake or the sea and deposits the broken down rock pieces in layers called sediments, this process is called Deposition… Deposition, compaction and cementation
- 23. The weight of the top layers squeezes the bottom layers, squeezing out water leaving salt crystals, this process is called compaction. The rocks cement together, in a process called cementation. Deposition, compaction and cementation
- 24. Metamorphic rock- Heat and Pressure pressure heat more pressure more heat Heat and pressure compress grains Grains form orderly layers Mixture of grains in structure Sedimentary rocks are turned into metamorphic rocks by the extreme pressures and temperatures deep within the Earth. These conditions change the structure of the rocks so that new layers are formed.
- 25. Under extreme heat and pressure the metamorphic rock turns into magma. This can cool above or below ground to form different types of igneous rock. And the cycle repeats… extrusive igneous rock intrusive igneous rock magma
- 26. What rock? 1) What rock is formed from magma or lava? 2) What rock requires heat and pressure to be formed? 3) Suggest what rock can contain complete fossils? 4) Suggest what rock can contain twisted fossils? 5) What rock requires compaction and cementation to be formed? 6) What rock can be intrusive or extrusive? Potential answers: • Sedimentary • Metamorphic • Igneous
- 27. What rock? 1) Igneous 2) Metamorphic 3) Sedimentary 4) Metamorphic 5) Sedimentary 6) Igneous
- 28. Wednesday 14th March LO: I can explain the carbon cycle
- 29. The Carbon Cycle
- 30. Carbon compounds are contained in every living organism. We can follow carbon as it moves through living things, into the Earth’s atmosphere and back. This is called the Carbon Cycle.
- 31. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and turn it into glucose using photosynthesis Animals eat the plants for the energy in glucose and then release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
- 32. Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen Respiration Oxygen + Glucose Carbon Dioxide + Water ENERGY ENERGY
- 35. RESPIRATION DECOMPOSERS FUNGI AND BACTERIA DEATH & DECAY
- 37. A. D. C. E. F. G. B. D. Create a key to label this diagram
- 38. A B C D E F G
- 39. A PHOTOSYNTHESIS B RESPIRATION C FEEDING D DEATH AND DECAY E DEATH AND FOSSILISATION F EXCRETION G COMBUSTION