It is an attempt to simplify the discussion on Development of an Infant from birth to teenage.

1. GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT

2. Growth Development
It is change in size/weight A gradual change in
resulting from an increase in advancement/function from
number or size of cells. lower to higher stage
It is Quantitative It is Qualitative
It is measured in terms of It is assessed in terms of
centimeters or Kgs acquisition of skills and ability
Maturation
• It is increase in competence and adaptability

3. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Prenatal Neonatal Postnatal
Genetic potential Sex
LBW Hormonal Influence
Genetic
abnormalities
Nutritional
Sex
Infection
Fetal / growth
hormones Trauma
Neonatal Seizures
Placental Factors Socioeconomical
Influences

4. ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH OF
CHILD
 Anthropometry:
It is most common method used it includes:
 Weight
 Height/Length
 Head Circumference
 Mid-Arm Circumference
 Chest Circumference

5. WEIGHT:
It is total of all organ, tissue and fluids.
 Method :
 Nude/ Minimal light clothing:
 Lever or electronic type of weighing scale
~ or less than Double the TRIPLE THE FOUR TIMES
3 kg 3kg WEIGHT THE WEIGHT
Weight
• BIRTH • 3 -10 DAY • 4 • 12 • 2 YEAR
WEIGHT MONTHS MONTHS
AGE FORMULATIONS FOR CALCULATIONS
3-12 Age (m) +9/2
Months
1-6 Years Age (y) x 2 +8
7-12 Years Age x 7 - 5

6. HEIGHT/LENGTH:
Height : ( >2 years)
• Vertical distance between head and heel of foot
• Measured in erect standing posture by stadiometer
• Formula: Age (y) x 6 +77
Length: (<2 years)
• Measured in lying down position.
Upper – Head-Pubis
• Total Length Lower – Pubis - Toe
U/L – 1:7 -birth
1:1 -7year
Until
At 1st 2-3 4th
Birth year year year puberty
50 cm 75cm 90cm 100cm
5cm/year

7. HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
 It is an estimate of brain growth
 Most useful in 2 years of life
 Method:
 Use a non-stretchable tape on occipital protuberance to the
supra-orbital ridges on forehead
 Clinical corelate:
 Microcephaly
 Macrocephaly
 Cranisynostosis
At 2nd 6th 9th
Birth month month month
35 cm 41 cm 44 cm 46 cm
1st 2nd
year year
47 cm 49 cm

8. CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE
 It is clinically important in the 5th year of life.
 Method:
 Measure at the level of nipples midway between
expiration and inspiration by Cross-tape method.
later it
At Birth CC At 1st year
exceeds i.e
< HC HC=CC
CC>HC

10. MILESTONES
Gross motor Fine motor
Development Development
Social and Key
Adaptive Language
Milestone Milestone

11. THROUGH AGE OF 1 MONTH – 9 MONTH
AGE GROSS MOTOR FINE MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
1-2 Month Moves extremity
equally
3 Month Neck Holding “Hand regard”
Observes his own hand very
intensely
4 Month Sit with support “Bidextrous Reach”
5 Month Roll over
6 -7 Month Sit in tripod fashion Transfer object
from Hand to hand
8 Month Sit without support
9 Month Stands holding with Probes with Finger No Sitting without
support support

12. THROUGH AGE OF 12 MONTH – 5 YEARS
AGE GROSS MOTOR FINE MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
12 Month Stand without Mature Pinser Grasp
Support
15 Month “ Toddler can Walk” Imitates Scribbling, Not Standing
Tower of 2 blocks Alone
18 Month Runs Makes Tower of 3 Not Walking
blocks Alone
2 years Walks Up and Down Vertical and Circular
Stairs strokes
3 years Ride Tricycles Makes Cirlce and
Tower of 9 Blocks
4 years Hops on One Foot Makes A Cross
5 years Skip, dress and Copies a Triangle
undress

13. THROUGH AGE OF 1 MONTH – 9 MONTH
AGE SOCIAL AND KEY LANGUAGE
ADAPTIVE MILESTONES
MILESTONES
1Month Regards face and Alert in Sound
follow moving object
with eyes
2 Month Social Smile (after being No Visual
talked to) fixation
3 Month Recognize Mother Musical Sound
and coos
4 Month Laugh Loud
5 Month Orient to voice
6-7 Month Recognize Stranger Monosyllable No vocalization
“Stranger Anxiety” Babbles (Ma, Pa)
8 Month
9 Month Waves “Bye- Bye” Bisyllable Babbles
(Mama, Baba)

14. THROUGH AGE OF 12 MONTH – 5 YEARS
AGE SOCIAL AND KEY LANGUAGE
ADAPTIVE MILESTONES
12 Month Comes when Called 1-2 words with
to. meaning and
understand “No”
15 Month Jargon
18 Month “ Copies Parent” 8-10 word
vocabulary
2 years Ask for food, drink and Use a 2-3 word
toilet sentence
3 years Group Play , know Ask Questions Lack of
Full name and gender imaginative Play
4 years Plays Cooperatively Sing songs or
poem
5 years Helps in house hold Ask meaning of
task words