Ok so this is my 6th PPT of the series dedicated to the Human Anatomy. The humor is mine. So just change it to fit your needs. Hope this helps.

1. Chapter II Episode III

2. Proteins: a closer look Structural Levels of Proteins Primary Structure- The Amino Acid sequence of the peptide chain, held together by covalent bonds Secondary Structure- Alpha Helix’s and Beta sheets, held together by hydrogen bonds Tertiary Structure – 3D structure of a SINGLE protein molecule, completely compacted and folded polypeptide chain, held together by Disulfide bonds and Ionic bonds Quaternary Structure- A Complex built of several protein molecules or polypeptide chains (sub-units), bound together by Covalent bonds and Disulfide bridges

3. Proteins: Denaturing What is Denaturing ? Simply put it is when a Protein Complex comes apart due to acid, alkali or heat Ex. Cooking an EGG What happens to a Protein that is Denatured? Biologically: its original properties are diminished or rendered completely useless Physically: It loses it’s “useful” shape. i.e. It ~unravels~

5. Proteins: Enzymes Many Enzymes/Catalysts must be “ACTIVATED” before they can be useful Ex. Phosphorylation ( Meaning simply: The addition of phosphate to an organic compound .) The “Active Site” is part on the enzyme that the substrate binds to. There’s WAY more to enzymes than this but… We’ll Keep it Simple ACTIVE ENZYME~POOF~

6. Nucleic Acids Moving on … I’m Excited…Aren’t you? ~oh yes~

8. Nucleic Acids: RNA vs. DNA What's the difference? RNA DNA Contains the Sugar RIBOSE Single Stranded Uses the Nitrogen-containing Base URACIL Located outside the NUCLEUS Contains the Sugar DEOXYRIBOSE Double Stranded = Double Helix ** Remember Watson and Crick? Uses the Nitrogen-containing Base THYMINE Located inside the NUCLEUS

9. Nucleic Acid: RNA vs. DNA What they have in COMMON ? A Phosphate Group The Nitrogen-containing bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine

10. Nucleic Acid: RNA vs. DNA So what matches with what? RNA DNA A = U U = A G = C C = G A = T T = A G = C C = G

11. Complete the DNA A--- T-- G-- C-- G-- G-- T-- T-- T-- --T --A --C --C --A --A --A --C --G What Do they mean? A T C G Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

12. Complete the RNA A--- U-- G-- C-- G-- G-- U-- U-- U-- --U --A --C --C --A --A --A --C --G What Do they mean? A U C G Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine

13. ATP Adenosine Triphosphate Moving on…

14. ATP: Structure Kind of looks like something familiar doesn’t it? RNA? Interesting…

15. ATP: What’s so special? The High Energy bond of the PHOSPHATE Group at the tail end of the molecule It powers most everything in the body

21. So what did you learn? Where in the cell is RNA found? Where in the cell is DNA found? In RNA what matches with A (Adenine)? In DNA what matches with A (Adenine)? Outside the Nucleus Inside the Nucleus Uracil Thymine

22. So what did you learn? What is does ATP stand for? Adenosine Triphosphate What is it about ATP that makes it the Power source for the body? The High Energy Bonds found in the Phosphate Chain If you were able to answer all of these from memory you’re a WARRIOR . If NOT ? Then study your notes again Thursday We REVIEW