ART102 Art History II Unit 6 LectureRealism and Impressionism 1848-1885 Post-Impressionism 1880-1907 Realism in France occurred around the same time as the Revolution 0f 1848, largely due to Courbet. This style champions socialism, which challenges authority and privilege of the rich. Courbet has painted an image of a funeral, a scene of commoners carrying out a simple social ritual. Devoid of political or philosophical agendas, Realism can literally be described as real: simple, everyday scenes and events. Realism and Impressionism 1848-1885 Burial at Ornans The Gleaners Luncheon on the Grass The Dance Class Plum Estate, Kameido Woman with a Parasol Luncheon of the Boating Party The Child’s Bath Symphony in White No. II Snap the Whip Gustave Courbet Burial at Ornans Ca. 1849-1850 Oil on canvas Musee D’Orsay, Paris Post-Impressionism 1880-1907 Jean-Francois Millet The Gleaners Ca. 1857 Oil on canvas Musee d’Orsay, Paris Millet creates a scene of gleaners, who were beggars of the time. These three women are picking the leftovers of grain in a field after the major harvesting (you can see the large harvest in the wagon). At the time of its exhibition in Paris, the people were scared of this scene. It reveals at what cost society has to pay for such wealth for an upper class. Realism and Impressionism 1848-1885 Burial at Ornans The Gleaners Luncheon on the Grass The Dance Class Plum Estate, Kameido Woman with a Parasol Luncheon of the Boating Party The Child’s Bath Symphony in White No. II Snap the Whip Post-Impressionism 1880-1907 Manet’s painting is considered to be the one that turned the Parisian art world on its head, and propelled the world into the Modern Art Era. It might not look like much, but this image is actually ridiculing what the traditionalists viewed as appropriate subject matter. This is a contemporary scene, with Parisians having lunch in a park with a naked woman. Another woman wearing a Roman toga plays in the water. It is obvious that this scene would never really happen in real life, and that’s the message Manet was after. He also painted it with bold, thick strokes of color. Edouard Manet Luncheon on the Grass Ca. 1863 Oil on canvas Musee du Louvre, Paris Realism and Impressionism 1848-1885 Burial at Ornans The Gleaners Luncheon on the Grass The Dance Class Plum Estate, Kameido Woman with a Parasol Luncheon of the Boating Party The Child’s Bath Symphony in White No. II Snap the Whip Post-Impressionism 1880-1907 Degas developed a painterly approach to his everyday scenes as Manet had. His compositions appear off-centered, and elements are cut-off on the edges, much like a photograph would crop a scene. This is unusual in painting at the time, and creates a image of spontaneity, as a snap-shot does. Edgar Degas The Dance Class Ca. 1874 Oil on canvas Metropolitan Museum of Art Realism and Impressionism 1848 ...

1. ART102
Art History II
Unit 6 LectureRealism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Realism in France occurred around the same
time as the Revolution 0f 1848, largely due to
Courbet. This style champions socialism, which
challenges authority and privilege of the rich.
Courbet has painted an image of a funeral, a scene
of commoners carrying out a simple social ritual.
Devoid of political or philosophical agendas, Realism
can literally be described as real: simple, everyday
scenes and events.
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners
Luncheon on the Grass

2. The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido
Woman with a Parasol
Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath
Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Gustave Courbet
Burial at Ornans
Ca. 1849-1850
Oil on canvas
Musee D’Orsay, Paris
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Jean-Francois Millet
The Gleaners
Ca. 1857
Oil on canvas
Musee d’Orsay, Paris
Millet creates a scene of gleaners, who were
beggars of the time. These three women are
picking the leftovers of grain in a field after the

3. major harvesting (you can see the large harvest in
the wagon). At the time of its exhibition in Paris,
the people were scared of this scene. It reveals at
what cost society has to pay for such wealth for an
upper class.
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners
Luncheon on the Grass
The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido
Woman with a Parasol
Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath
Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907

4. Manet’s painting is considered to be the one that
turned the Parisian art world on its head, and
propelled the world into the Modern Art Era. It
might not look like much, but this image is actually
ridiculing what the traditionalists viewed as
appropriate subject matter. This is a contemporary
scene, with Parisians having lunch in a park with a
naked woman. Another woman wearing a Roman
toga plays in the water. It is obvious that this scene
would never really happen in real life, and that’s the
message Manet was after. He also painted it with
bold, thick strokes of color.
Edouard Manet
Luncheon on the Grass
Ca. 1863
Oil on canvas
Musee du Louvre, Paris
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners
Luncheon on the Grass
The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido
Woman with a Parasol

5. Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath
Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Degas developed a painterly approach to his
everyday scenes as Manet had. His compositions
appear off-centered, and elements are cut-off on
the edges, much like a photograph would crop a
scene. This is unusual in painting at the time, and
creates a image of spontaneity, as a snap-shot does.
Edgar Degas
The Dance Class
Ca. 1874
Oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners

6. Luncheon on the Grass
The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido
Woman with a Parasol
Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath
Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Impressionist painters were inspired by the
Japanese prints that were flooding the Parisian
markets at the time. These prints first arrived in
Paris as packing materials for other items. Artists
were fascinated.
Unlike Western traditions in art, the Japanese prints
were not about creating life-like space. Instead,
these images are flat, the surface is divided into
abstract shapes. The colors are rich, and the objects
are cropped on all sides.
Having the ability to see how another culture from

7. across the globe create art was ground-breaking.
Ando Hiroshige
Plum Estate, Kameido
Ca. 1857
Wood-block print
Brooklyn Museum of Art
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners
Luncheon on the Grass
The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido
Woman with a Parasol
Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath
Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907

8. Claude Monet
Woman with a Parasol
Ca. 1875
Oil on canvas
National Gallery of Art,
Washington D.C
Monet revolutionized the process of painting, and
created a style of open brushstrokes that defy
details, yet imply the very essence of the subject.
Through this open, colorful technique, Monet
managed to paint the light. When looking at this
painting, the colors, the energy and the intensity
of the surface, you can feel the summer sun on
your back, and know how it feels to be drowned
in that intense natural light. It is that feeling, that
impression, that truly defines the Era.
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners
Luncheon on the Grass
The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido

9. Woman with a Parasol
Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath
Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Renoir follows the same format at Monet, and
creates colorful paintings full of life and energy
using bold strokes of paint. This is based on recent
scientific discoveries that putting opposing colors
side by side, it creates the illusion that they are
brighter. These colors are called complimentary, and
they are: blue and orange, red and green, yellow and
violet. See any complimentary colors side by side in
this painting?
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Luncheon of the Boating Party
Ca. 1880-1881
Oil on canvas
The Phillips Collection,
Washington, D.C.
Realism and
Impressionism

10. 1848-1885
Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners
Luncheon on the Grass
The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido
Woman with a Parasol
Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath
Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Mary Cassatt was an American painter, who traveled
to Europe to take classes offered to women there.
(Art schools were segregated at the time, and women
were still not considered worthy artists in society.)
She befriended Degas and quickly developed an
Impressionist style, complete with asymmetrical

11. compositions and cropping.
Her subject matter focuses on the roles of women
in society, during the growing women’s movement.
Oftentimes her paintings depict women and children
involved in everyday activities. At a time when infant
mortality rate was high, sociologists were putting an
increased importance on caring for children.
Mary Cassatt
The Child’s Bath
Ca. 1893
Oil on canvas
The Art Institute of Chicago
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners
Luncheon on the Grass
The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido
Woman with a Parasol
Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath

12. Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
American painter Whistler was creating paintings in
the same Impressionist style.
His white compositions show a variety of colors in
the white, ranging from yellows to pinks and blues.
Whistler’s title “Symphony” implies a parallel with
music. He saw his paintings as compositions of color
and form.
James Abbott McNeill Whistler
Symphony in White No II
Ca. 1864
Oil on canvas
Tate Britain, London
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners
Luncheon on the Grass

13. The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido
Woman with a Parasol
Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath
Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Winslow Homer was an American artist who stuck
with the tradition of Realism. He used realistic color,
created fine details and definition, and captured
scenes of everyday American life.
Winslow Homer
Snap the Whip
Ca. 1872
Oil on canvas
The Butler Institute of
American Art, Ohio
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885

14. Burial at Ornans
The Gleaners
Luncheon on the Grass
The Dance Class
Plum Estate, Kameido
Woman with a Parasol
Luncheon of the
Boating Party
The Child’s Bath
Symphony in White
No. II
Snap the Whip
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Paul Cezanne
Mont Sainte-Victoire
Ca. 1885-1887
Oil on canvas
Courtland Institute Gallery, London
While Realism and Impressionism tried to capture
the essence of the modern world, the Post

15. Impressionists were looking for a way to escape it.
Cezanne sought to make the new style of painting
credible to critics, by working on his canvases
almost endlessly in the studio, rather than capturing
impressions quickly on-site. His work is bold shapes
of color, locked together in a composition of shapes.
He let most of the details go, so that the paint itself
becomes the subject.
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Mont Sainte-Victoire
A Sunday Afternoon
on the Island of
La Grand Jatte
Starry Night
Where Do We Come
From? What Are We?
Where Are We Going?
The Scream
The Kiss
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
Seurat created a new style called Pointillism, where
he would methodically place tiny dots of intense

16. color side by side to create his paintings. This
surface gives the painting an extreme feeling of
energy, as the eye bounces around the canvas.
Georges Seurat
A Sunday Afternoon on the
Island of La Grand Jatte
Ca. 1884-1886
Oil on canvas
The Art Institute of Chicago
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Mont Sainte-Victoire
A Sunday Afternoon
on the Island of
La Grand Jatte
Starry Night
Where Do We Come
From? What Are We?
Where Are We Going?
The Scream
The Kiss
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885

17. Vincent Van Gogh
Starry Night
Ca. 1889
Oil on canvas
Museum of Modern Art, New York
Van Gogh’s unique style of painting was not
popular during his lifetime, mostly because
it is not understood. Van Gogh searched for
emotion through color, making him the father of
expressionist painting world-wide. His energetic
brushstrokes, strong color, and scenes of his
surroundings unadorned are trademarks of his work.
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Mont Sainte-Victoire
A Sunday Afternoon
on the Island of
La Grand Jatte
Starry Night
Where Do We Come
From? What Are We?
Where Are We Going?
The Scream
The Kiss
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885

18. Gauguin too found a unique style of expression
through his work. The Post-Impressionists are truly
the first in history to create such unique styles of
painting, as to make them iconic.
Dissatisfied with modern life, Gauguin went to
Tahiti, and was fascinated with their traditions.
His painting is an example of symbolism, and
represents the three stages of life as was depicted
often in Renaissance Art. Birth is on the right, youth
is at the center, and the old is on the left.
Rather than using gesture, Gauguin uses bold
shapes of intense color to create a tropical,
dreamlike atmosphere.
Paul Gauguin
Where Do We Come From?
What Are We?
Where Are We Going?
Ca. 1897-1898
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Mont Sainte-Victoire
A Sunday Afternoon
on the Island of
La Grand Jatte

19. Starry Night
Where Do We Come
From? What Are We?
Where Are We Going?
The Scream
The Kiss
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
In other areas of Europe, the Symbolism of
Gauguin’s work had a great impact, especially on the
Norwegian painter Edvard Munch.
His iconic image of the scream symbolizes all
the psychological impact modern society has on
human beings.
We can all agree that the isn’t a huge level of
precision or even sophistication of his technique,
but that’s not what he was after.
The style in which he painted this scene, as well as
how he arranged the composition, evokes a feeling
of terror and helplessness.
Edvard Munch
The Scream
Ca. 1893
Tempura and casein on cardboard

20. The National Museum of Art,
Architecture and Design, Oslo
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Mont Sainte-Victoire
A Sunday Afternoon
on the Island of
La Grand Jatte
Starry Night
Where Do We Come
From? What Are We?
Where Are We Going?
The Scream
The Kiss
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
The Vienna painter Gustav Klimt worked in a style
classified as Art Nouveau, a symbolic style that
focuses on natural patterns reinvented in a modern
design. The Kiss has a pair in a locked embrace,
where organic forms of intense patterns create the
illusion of their bodies, as their faces are rendered
with realist clarity. The gold gives it an iconic,
almost religious feeling, as Glimt is glorifying this

21. simple yet tender moment using luxurious materials
and patterns.
Gustav Klimt
The Kiss
Ca. 1907-1908
Oil and gold leaf on canvas
Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek,
Vienna
Post-Impressionism
1880-1907
Mont Sainte-Victoire
A Sunday Afternoon
on the Island of
La Grand Jatte
Starry Night
Where Do We Come
From? What Are We?
Where Are We Going?
The Scream
The Kiss
Realism and
Impressionism
1848-1885
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