2. FUELS
• Fuels are any materials that store potential energy in forms that can
be practicably released and used as heat energy.
• Fuels are required for a variety of purposes,but are
utilized chiefly for..
4. POWER GENERATION
• The generation of
electricity is the single
largest use of fuel in the
world.
• More than 60 % of
power generated comes
from fossil fuels.
6. • If we had replenish fuel sources, what direction should we go
in?
• Electric cars
• Solar power
• Wind power
OR
BUT….
7. • Any hydrocarbon fuel that is produced from organic matter (living or
once living material) in a short period of time (days, weeks, or even
months) is considered a Biofuel.
• They are also known as Agro fuel (since derived from biomass or bio
wastes)
• It is the best way to reduce greenhouse gases
• The biofuel can produce from any carbon source ( theoretically )
• It is widely used in brazil & the united states ( but expanded
throughout the world )
8. BIOFUEL VERSUS FOSSIL FUEL
• Fossil fuels are not renewable, which means they will run out at some point. As our ability
to pump fossil fuels from the ground diminishes, the available supply will decrease, which
will inevitably lead to an increase in price.
• Biofuels can be looked upon as a way of energy security which stands as an alternative of
fossil fuels that are limited in availability. Today, the use of biofuels has expanded
throughout the globe.
9. POSITIVES OF BIOFUELS
• The energy content of biodiesel is about 90% that of petroleum diesel.
• The energy content of ethanol is about 50% that of gasoline.
• The energy content of butanol is about 80% that of gasoline.
• Biofuels burn cleaner than fossil fuels, resulting in fewer emissions of greenhouse gases,
particulate emissions, and substances that cause acid rain such as sulfur.
• Biodiesel is sulfur free.
• Biodiesel has fewer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which have been linked to cancer.
• Additionally, biofuels are biodegradable, so if they do spill, less harm is done compared to
when fossil fuels spill
10. CLASS OF BIOFUELS
The Class Of Biofuels is Subdivided into “ three generations ”
First Generation Biofuels
Second Generation Biofuels
Third Generation Biofuels
11. FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS
• The first generation biofuels refer to the fuels
that have been derived from sources like
starch, sugar, animal fats and vegetable oil. The
oil is obtained using the conventional
techniques of production
12. SECOUND GENERATION BIOFUELS
• 2nd generation biofuels are produced
from sustainable feedstock. No second
generation biofuel is also a food crop,
though certain food products can
become second generation fuels when
they are no longer useful for
consumption. Second generation
biofuels are often called “advanced
biofuels.”
13. THIRD GENERATION BIOFUELS
• The term third generation biofuel has only
recently enter the mainstream it refers
to biofuel derived from algae. Previously,
algae were lumped in with
second generation biofuels
14. LIST OF BIOFUELS DERIVED FROM
BIOMASS
1.Bio Alcohols
2.Biodiesel & Green Diesel
3. Bioethers
4.Biogas
5.Aviation Biofuel
6.Solid Biofuels
7.Advanced Biofuels
15. BIO ALCOHOLS
• It is an alcohol substance ( which are
made when sugar is fermented ) and
like CNG, it has found application in the
transportation sector by way of being
cleaner fuel.
• It is normally blended with gasoline as
a form of car fuel
• Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
are the first four alcohols
16. BIODIESEL & GREEN DIESEL
• Both of these products are refined
from vegetable oil and occasionally
animal fat
17. BIOETHERS
• Bio ether is made from either wheat or
sugar beet
• It can also produce from waste glycerol
• China is leading in this research
18. • Biogas refers to a mixture of different
gases produced by the breakdown of
organic matter in the absence of
oxygen. Biogas can be produced from
raw materials such as agricultural
waste, manure, municipal waste, plant
material, sewage, green waste or food
waste.
BIOGAS
19. AVIATION BIOFUEL
• Aviation biofuel is a biofuel used for aircraft.
It is considered by some to be the primary
means by which the aviation industry can
reduce its carbon footprint
20. SOLID BIOFUELS
• Solid biomass fuels. Examples include wood,
sawdust, grass trimmings, domestic refuse,
charcoal, agricultural waste, nonfood energy crops,
and dried manure. Whensolid biomass is already in
a suitable form (such as firewood), it can burn
directly in a stove or furnace to provide heat or
raise steam
21. The term advanced biofuels is a bit misleading because can be advanced as long as it is made from sustainable
feedstock
Is available in large enough quality to meet a reasonable proportion of our energy demands
Has less greenhouse gas emissions
Does not have an impact on biodiversity
Doesn’t result in major land use changes
o Lignocelluloses
o Jatropha
o Camelina
o Algae
