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UNIVERSITY OF PRISHTINA
SUBJECT : Use of ENGLISH TENSES
F K a s t r a t i
PRESENT SIMPLE
T h e p r e s e n t s i m p l e t e n s e i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s :
• a h a b i t
• a f a c t w h i c h i s a l w a y s t r u e
• a f a c t w h i c h i s t r u e f o r a l o n g t i m e .
S U B J E C T + V E R B
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
T h e p r e s e n t c o n t i n u o u s t e n s e i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s :
• a n a c t i v i t y h a p p e n i n g n o w
• a n a c t i v i t y h a p p e n i n g a r o u n d n o w,
b u t p e r h a p s n o t a t t h e m o m e n t o f s p e a k i n g .
• a p l a n n e d f u t u r e a r r a n g e m e n t
A M / I S /A R E + V E R B + I N G
PAST SIMPLE
• T h e P a s t S i m p l e t e n s e e x p r e s s e s
a n a c t i o n t h a t i s n o w f i n i s h e d .
I v i s i t e d P a r i s i n 2 0 11 .
S U B J E C T + V E R B I N PA S T S I M P L E T E N S E
PAST CONTINUOUS
• T h e P a s t C o n t i n u o u s Te n s e e x p r e s s e s a p a s t a c t i v i t y
t h a t h a s a d u r a t i o n .
• T h e a c t i v i t y b e g a n b e f o r e t h e a c t i o n w a s e x p r e s s e d
b y t h e P a s t S i m p l e .
• A n a c t i v i t y i n p r o g r e s s b e f o r e a n d p r o b a b l y a f t e r, a
t i m e i n t h e p a s t .
A M / I S /A R E + V E R B + I N G
PRESENT PERFECT
T h e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t t e n s e l o o k s b a c k f r o m t h e p r e s e n t
i n t o t h e p a s t a n d i t i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s w h a t h a s
h a p p e n e d b e f o r e n o w. T h e a c t i o n h a p p e n e d a t a n
i n d e f i n i t e t i m e i n t h e p a s t .
• T h e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t t e n s e i s a l s o u s e d t o e x p r e s s
a n e x p e r i e n c e a s p a r t a s s o m e o n e ' s l i f e .
• T h e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t t e n s e i s a l s o u s e d t o e x p r e s s
a n a c t i o n w h i c h b e g a n i n t h e p a s t a n d c o n t i n u e s t o
t h e p r e s e n t .
H AV E / H A S + PA S T PA R T I C I P L E O F T H E M A I N V E R B
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
T h e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s Te n s e i s u s e d t o
e x p r e s s :
• a n a c t i v i t y w h i c h b e g a n i n t h e p a s t a n d c o n t i n u e s
t o t h e p r e s e n t .
• t o r e f e r a n a c t i v i t y w i t h r e s u l t i n t h e p r e s e n t .
H AV E / H A S + B E E N + V E R B + I N G
PAST PERFECT
T h e P a s t P e r f e c t i s u s e d f o r p a s t e v e n t s t h a t
h a p p e n e d B E F O R E o t h e r p a s t e v e n t s :
B y t h e t i m e w e a r r i v e d a t t h e t r a i n s t a t i o n , t h e t r a i n
h a d a l r e a d y l e f t .
W h e n I w o k e u p , I s a w t h a t m y h u s b a n d h a d m a d e
b r e a k f a s t .
F i v e m i n u t e s a f t e r l e a v i n g m y h o u s e , I r e a l i z e d I ’ d
f o r g o t t e n t o l o c k t h e f r o n t d o o r.
H A D + PA S T PA R T I C I P L E O F T H E M A I N V E R B
PAST PERFECT CONTINOUOS
T h e P a s t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s i s u s e d f o r p a s t a c t i o n s t h a t
c o n t i n u e d u p t o a n o t h e r p o i n t i n t h e p a s t :
B e f o r e I l o s t m y j o b , I h a d b e e n w o r k i n g o n s o m e
i m p o r t a n t p r o j e c t s .
( “ w o r k i n g ” w a s a c o n t i n u o u s a c t i o n u n t i l t h e p o i n t I l o s t m y j o b )
T h e y h a d b e e n h o p i n g J o h n w o u l d m a k e a f u l l r e c o v e r y
a f t e r t h e a c c i d e n t , b u t h e d i e d .
( “ h o p i n g ” w a s a c o n t i n u o u s a c t i o n u n t i l J o h n d i e d )
S h e ‘ d a l r e a d y b e e n s t u d y i n g E n g l i s h b y h e r s e l f f o r
s e v e r a l y e a r s b y t h e t i m e s h e s t a r t e d t a k i n g c l a s s e s .
( “ s t u d y i n g ” E n g l i s h b y h e r s e l f w a s a c o n t i n u o u s a c t i o n u n t i l t h e t i m e
w h e n s h e s t a r t e d c l a s s e s )
H A D + B E E N + V E R B + I N G
FUTURE SIMPLE
• We u s e G o i n g t o f o r p l a n s , a r r a n g e m e n t s , a n d
p r e d i c t i o n s :
N e x t y e a r, I ’ m g o i n g t o s t u d y m e d i c i n e .
We ’ r e g o i n g t o m o v e t o a d i f f e r e n t c i t y n e x t m o n t h .
• We u s e W i l l f o r p r o m i s e s , o f f e r s , p r e d i c t i o n s a n d
d e c i s i o n s m a d e i n t h e m o m e n t o f s p e a k i n g .
P r o m i s e : I ‘ l l c a l l y o u l a t e r.
O f f e r : We ‘ l l g i v e y o u a r i d e h o m e .
P r e d i c t i o n : I h a v e a f e e l i n g t h a t t h i s n e w s i n g e r w i l l
b e c o m e v e r y p o p u l a r.
D e c i s i o n m a d e i n t h e m o m e n t :
I ‘ l l h a v e t h e s p a g h e t t i a n d a s i d e o r d e r o f s a l a d .
G O I N G TO
W I L L + V E R B
FUTURE CONTINUOUS SIMPLE
T h e F u t u r e c o n t i n u o u s i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s :
• A c t i o n s t h a t w i l l b e i n p r o g r e s s a t a t i m e i n t h e
f u t u r e .
D o n ’ t c a l l m e a t 6 , b e c a u s e I ’ l l b e d r i v i n g h o m e
f r o m w o r k .
A t 1 0 : 3 0 t o m o r r o w m o r n i n g , w e ’ l l b e g i v i n g a
p r e s e n t a t i o n i n E n g l i s h c l a s s .
H e ’ l l b e w a t c h i n g t h e f o o t b a l l g a m e t o n i g h t a t 8 .
W I L L + B E + V E R B + I N G
FUTURE PERFECT
T h e F u t u r e P e r f e c t i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s :
• A c t i o n s t h a t w i l l b e c o m p l e t e d b e f o r e a f u t u r e t i m e .
I w i l l h a v e w r i t t e n a b o o k b e f o r e I ’ m 4 0 .
We ’ r e l a t e . B y t h e t i m e w e g e t t o t h e t h e a t e r, t h e
m o v i e w i l l h a v e s t a r t e d a l r e a d y.
We w i l l h a v e t r a v e l e d t o 1 2 d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s b y
2 0 1 5 .
W I L L + H AV E + PA S T PA R T I C I P L E O F T H E M A I N V E R B
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
T h e F u t u r e P e r f e c t i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s :
• A c t i o n s t h a t w i l l c o n t i n u e u p t o a f u t u r e t i m e :
B y t h e t i m e s h e g r a d u a t e s , s h e w i l l h a v e b e e n
s t u d y i n g f o r 7 y e a r s .
B y 7 P M , I w i l l h a v e b e e n w o r k i n g o n t h i s p r o j e c t f o r
e i g h t h o u r s s t r a i g h t .
B y t h i s t i m e n e x t y e a r, t h e y w i l l h a v e b e e n l i v i n g i n
J a p a n f o r t w o d e c a d e s .
N o t e : B Y a n d B Y T H E T I M E a r e c o m m o n l y u s e d w i t h
t h e f u t u r e p e r f e c t c o n t i n u o u s .
W I L L + H AV E + B E E N + V E R B + I N G

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The Use of English Tenses

  • 1. UNIVERSITY OF PRISHTINA SUBJECT : Use of ENGLISH TENSES F K a s t r a t i
  • 2. PRESENT SIMPLE T h e p r e s e n t s i m p l e t e n s e i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s : • a h a b i t • a f a c t w h i c h i s a l w a y s t r u e • a f a c t w h i c h i s t r u e f o r a l o n g t i m e . S U B J E C T + V E R B
  • 3. PRESENT CONTINUOUS T h e p r e s e n t c o n t i n u o u s t e n s e i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s : • a n a c t i v i t y h a p p e n i n g n o w • a n a c t i v i t y h a p p e n i n g a r o u n d n o w, b u t p e r h a p s n o t a t t h e m o m e n t o f s p e a k i n g . • a p l a n n e d f u t u r e a r r a n g e m e n t A M / I S /A R E + V E R B + I N G
  • 4. PAST SIMPLE • T h e P a s t S i m p l e t e n s e e x p r e s s e s a n a c t i o n t h a t i s n o w f i n i s h e d . I v i s i t e d P a r i s i n 2 0 11 . S U B J E C T + V E R B I N PA S T S I M P L E T E N S E
  • 5. PAST CONTINUOUS • T h e P a s t C o n t i n u o u s Te n s e e x p r e s s e s a p a s t a c t i v i t y t h a t h a s a d u r a t i o n . • T h e a c t i v i t y b e g a n b e f o r e t h e a c t i o n w a s e x p r e s s e d b y t h e P a s t S i m p l e . • A n a c t i v i t y i n p r o g r e s s b e f o r e a n d p r o b a b l y a f t e r, a t i m e i n t h e p a s t . A M / I S /A R E + V E R B + I N G
  • 6. PRESENT PERFECT T h e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t t e n s e l o o k s b a c k f r o m t h e p r e s e n t i n t o t h e p a s t a n d i t i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s w h a t h a s h a p p e n e d b e f o r e n o w. T h e a c t i o n h a p p e n e d a t a n i n d e f i n i t e t i m e i n t h e p a s t . • T h e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t t e n s e i s a l s o u s e d t o e x p r e s s a n e x p e r i e n c e a s p a r t a s s o m e o n e ' s l i f e . • T h e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t t e n s e i s a l s o u s e d t o e x p r e s s a n a c t i o n w h i c h b e g a n i n t h e p a s t a n d c o n t i n u e s t o t h e p r e s e n t . H AV E / H A S + PA S T PA R T I C I P L E O F T H E M A I N V E R B
  • 7. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS T h e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s Te n s e i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s : • a n a c t i v i t y w h i c h b e g a n i n t h e p a s t a n d c o n t i n u e s t o t h e p r e s e n t . • t o r e f e r a n a c t i v i t y w i t h r e s u l t i n t h e p r e s e n t . H AV E / H A S + B E E N + V E R B + I N G
  • 8. PAST PERFECT T h e P a s t P e r f e c t i s u s e d f o r p a s t e v e n t s t h a t h a p p e n e d B E F O R E o t h e r p a s t e v e n t s : B y t h e t i m e w e a r r i v e d a t t h e t r a i n s t a t i o n , t h e t r a i n h a d a l r e a d y l e f t . W h e n I w o k e u p , I s a w t h a t m y h u s b a n d h a d m a d e b r e a k f a s t . F i v e m i n u t e s a f t e r l e a v i n g m y h o u s e , I r e a l i z e d I ’ d f o r g o t t e n t o l o c k t h e f r o n t d o o r. H A D + PA S T PA R T I C I P L E O F T H E M A I N V E R B
  • 9. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUOS T h e P a s t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s i s u s e d f o r p a s t a c t i o n s t h a t c o n t i n u e d u p t o a n o t h e r p o i n t i n t h e p a s t : B e f o r e I l o s t m y j o b , I h a d b e e n w o r k i n g o n s o m e i m p o r t a n t p r o j e c t s . ( “ w o r k i n g ” w a s a c o n t i n u o u s a c t i o n u n t i l t h e p o i n t I l o s t m y j o b ) T h e y h a d b e e n h o p i n g J o h n w o u l d m a k e a f u l l r e c o v e r y a f t e r t h e a c c i d e n t , b u t h e d i e d . ( “ h o p i n g ” w a s a c o n t i n u o u s a c t i o n u n t i l J o h n d i e d ) S h e ‘ d a l r e a d y b e e n s t u d y i n g E n g l i s h b y h e r s e l f f o r s e v e r a l y e a r s b y t h e t i m e s h e s t a r t e d t a k i n g c l a s s e s . ( “ s t u d y i n g ” E n g l i s h b y h e r s e l f w a s a c o n t i n u o u s a c t i o n u n t i l t h e t i m e w h e n s h e s t a r t e d c l a s s e s ) H A D + B E E N + V E R B + I N G
  • 10. FUTURE SIMPLE • We u s e G o i n g t o f o r p l a n s , a r r a n g e m e n t s , a n d p r e d i c t i o n s : N e x t y e a r, I ’ m g o i n g t o s t u d y m e d i c i n e . We ’ r e g o i n g t o m o v e t o a d i f f e r e n t c i t y n e x t m o n t h . • We u s e W i l l f o r p r o m i s e s , o f f e r s , p r e d i c t i o n s a n d d e c i s i o n s m a d e i n t h e m o m e n t o f s p e a k i n g . P r o m i s e : I ‘ l l c a l l y o u l a t e r. O f f e r : We ‘ l l g i v e y o u a r i d e h o m e . P r e d i c t i o n : I h a v e a f e e l i n g t h a t t h i s n e w s i n g e r w i l l b e c o m e v e r y p o p u l a r. D e c i s i o n m a d e i n t h e m o m e n t : I ‘ l l h a v e t h e s p a g h e t t i a n d a s i d e o r d e r o f s a l a d . G O I N G TO W I L L + V E R B
  • 11. FUTURE CONTINUOUS SIMPLE T h e F u t u r e c o n t i n u o u s i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s : • A c t i o n s t h a t w i l l b e i n p r o g r e s s a t a t i m e i n t h e f u t u r e . D o n ’ t c a l l m e a t 6 , b e c a u s e I ’ l l b e d r i v i n g h o m e f r o m w o r k . A t 1 0 : 3 0 t o m o r r o w m o r n i n g , w e ’ l l b e g i v i n g a p r e s e n t a t i o n i n E n g l i s h c l a s s . H e ’ l l b e w a t c h i n g t h e f o o t b a l l g a m e t o n i g h t a t 8 . W I L L + B E + V E R B + I N G
  • 12. FUTURE PERFECT T h e F u t u r e P e r f e c t i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s : • A c t i o n s t h a t w i l l b e c o m p l e t e d b e f o r e a f u t u r e t i m e . I w i l l h a v e w r i t t e n a b o o k b e f o r e I ’ m 4 0 . We ’ r e l a t e . B y t h e t i m e w e g e t t o t h e t h e a t e r, t h e m o v i e w i l l h a v e s t a r t e d a l r e a d y. We w i l l h a v e t r a v e l e d t o 1 2 d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s b y 2 0 1 5 . W I L L + H AV E + PA S T PA R T I C I P L E O F T H E M A I N V E R B
  • 13. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS T h e F u t u r e P e r f e c t i s u s e d t o e x p r e s s : • A c t i o n s t h a t w i l l c o n t i n u e u p t o a f u t u r e t i m e : B y t h e t i m e s h e g r a d u a t e s , s h e w i l l h a v e b e e n s t u d y i n g f o r 7 y e a r s . B y 7 P M , I w i l l h a v e b e e n w o r k i n g o n t h i s p r o j e c t f o r e i g h t h o u r s s t r a i g h t . B y t h i s t i m e n e x t y e a r, t h e y w i l l h a v e b e e n l i v i n g i n J a p a n f o r t w o d e c a d e s . N o t e : B Y a n d B Y T H E T I M E a r e c o m m o n l y u s e d w i t h t h e f u t u r e p e r f e c t c o n t i n u o u s . W I L L + H AV E + B E E N + V E R B + I N G