FleetCarma data-logged electric vehicles in real-world fleet applications and present the impacts of hot weather on the vehicles' efficiency and driving range.

1. Electric Vehicles in Hot Weather
“the other side of the bow tie”
LIVE WEBINAR
2pm EDT September, 2012

2. 45min Presentation
15min Q&A
Audio Options:
- Use headset
- Call: 1 (647) 497-9387
- Access #: 783-744-346
Poll Questions:
- Don’t close window = you’ll
exit the webinar
Technical Questions:
- Message Megan

9. Hybrid & Electric Vehicles: Decisions Destined for Success. Car-Buying, Based on You.
Faster, Better, Cheaper Save dollars, gallons, and tons. Save dollars, gallons, & tons.
Services & prototypes sold Products for vehicle selection and Dealership product for customer
to vehicle OEM/ monitoring: FleetCarma TCO/ROI engagement and conversion.
manufacturers. and Energy & Emissions. Decision-support for customers.

10. Conventional vehicles require conventional wisdom.
EVs require EV wisdom

11. Cold Weather Webinar:
Refresher
“Bow ties and bathing suits”

18. Heating loads were significant
Heating loads varied by driver.
Heating loads varied by storage type
(ie. heated garage, outdoors, etc.)
Range started decreasing as soon as
the temperature was less than a
thermostat’s set point.
The decrease in range followed the
bow-tie analogy.

19. COMPLETED: NEEDED:
The real-world The real-world
performance of plug-ins performance of plug-ins
in cold weather in hot weather

20. Hot Weather
…. The other side of the bow tie

22. EVs are often initially
Over 50 % of EVs expected to be sold in
rolled out in warmer
the US this year are located in the 17
weather states hottest states.
e.g. Nissan LEAF initial Drivers in warmer climates deserve
markets: consideration as well.
• Arizona
• California
• Hawaii
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Oregon
• Washington

23. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
• Lab data on i-MiEV shows air conditioning
reduces range from 34% to 46% depending
on the mode
Nissan USA
• 70 miles: highway driving
-32%
at 95 °F (35 °C)
-30% 100% • 68 miles: city driving
at 110 °F (43 °C),
Provides great data for the “worst case”. What about real-world operation?

24. 
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25. •
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•
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26. Nissan LEAF Range
Sorted by Range
miles km
200
125 200
180
113 180
160
100 160
140
88 140
120
75 120
100
63 100
50 80
80
38 60
60
25 40
40
13 20
20
0 0
0
125

27. Chevrolet Volt: electric only available range
miles km Sorted by Range
56 90
50 80
44 70
38 60
31 50
25 40
19 30
13 20
6 10
0 0

28. Ford Transit Connect Range
miles km Sorted by Range
125 200
200
113180
180
100160
160
88 140
140
75 120
120
63 100
100
50 80
80
38 60
60
25 40
40
13 20
20
0 0
0

29. Mitsubishi i-MiEV Range
Sorted by Range
miles km
200
125 200
180
113 180
160
100 160
140
88 140
120
75 120
100
63 100
50 80
80
38 60
60
25 40
40
13 20
20
0 0
0

31. 2011 Transit Connect Electric “A”
Stored Outside “HVAC Harriett”
Auxiliary Loads
4.5kW (incl. Heating & Cooling)
Auxiliary Load
2.8kW
1.2kW
110km
68miles
Range
89km
72km 55miles
45miles
Vehicle Range
11C 23C 35C
52F 73F 95F

32. 2011 Transit Connect Electric “B”
Stored Inside Heated Garage “Garage Gary”
Auxiliary Loads
(incl. Heating & Cooling)
Auxiliary Load
3.0kW
1.1kW
1.1kW
108km
67miles
Range
97km
60miles 80km
49miles
Vehicle Range
11C 23C 35C
52F 73F 95F

33. 2011 Transit Connect Electric “C”
Stored Outside “Fresh-Air Frank”
Auxiliary Loads
(incl. Heating & Cooling)
Auxiliary Load
1.0kW 1.0kW 1.0kW
122km
119km
126km 76miles
74miles
78miles
Range
Vehicle Range
11C 23C 35C
52F 73F 95F

34. Real-World
Cold Weather Hot Weather
Base
HVAC Harriett
-3.2 km/ºC 110km -1.8 km/ºC
-1.1 miles/ºF 68 miles -0.6 miles/ºF
Garage Gary
-0.9 km/ºC 108km -2.3 km/ºC
-0.3 miles/ºF 67 miles -0.8 miles/ºF
Fresh-Air Frank
-0.6 km/ºC 126km -0.3 km/ºC
-0.2 miles/ºF 78 miles -0.1 miles/ºF

35. Nissan Leaf Chevrolet Volt:
(Electric Only)
3 6
2.5 5
Auxiliary Power (kW)
Auxiliary Power (kW)
2 4
1.5 3
1 2
0.5 1
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
Temperature(°C) Temperature(°C)
250
120
200 Leaf 1 100
Volt 1
Leaf 2 80
Range (km)
Range (km)
150 Volt 2
Leaf 3
60 Volt 3
Leaf 4
100
Leaf 5 40 Volt 4
50 Leaf 6 Volt 5
20
Leaf 7
0 Both the Leaf & the Volt have two main user types:
0
0 10 20
Temperature(°C)
HVAC Harriett & Garage Gary 10 Temperature(°C)
30 40 0 20 30 40

36. Nissan LEAF Temperature vs. Range
No air conditioner usage
miles km
124 200
112 180
99 160
87 140
Range
74 120
62 100
50 80
37 60
25 40
12 20
0 0
15 20 25 30 35 40 C
59 68 77 86 95 104 F
Temperature
Slight upward trend indicates better component efficiency at higher temperatures

37. HVAC Harriett Garage Gary Fresh-Air Frank
(Rare)

39. Build Your Own Bow Tie
Data needed. Apply inside.

40. Electric Driving Range Will Vary by Operating Conditions
MPGe will vary
based on duty cycle,
operator climate
control usage, and
component efficiency
Determine the source
of decreases in your
EV’s efficiency and
take corrective action

41. Electric Driving Range Will Vary by Operating Conditions
MPGe will vary
based on duty cycle,
operator climate
control usage, and
component efficiency
Determine the source
of decreases in your
EV’s efficiency and
take corrective action

42. Exportable to Excel – Trip log and Charging log

43. Fleet Wide Reporting For All Vehicle Types
Fleet wide energy and emissions profile in one report
Vehicle miles traveled, idling, eco-driving scores

45. Matt Stevens
m@fleetcarma.com Megan Allen Eric Mallia
mallen@fleetcarma.com emallia@fleetcarma.com
www.fleetcarma.com
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800.975.2434 (toll-free)