2. Linguistics
To study English linguistically is to study its
structure, its historical development, and its
variety and relationship to other languages.
3. English: the Lingua Franca
A Lingua franca is a bridge language, allowing
people from different cultures to communicate
even if they have different native languages.
4. English: the Lingua Franca
•India
•Official Language: Standard Hindi
•Primary Language: English (Indian English)
5. English: the Lingua Franca
Kenya
•Official Language: Bantu
Swahili
•Official Language: English
6. International Usage
English is a Lingua Franca, not because it is spoken
by more people than any other language, but
because many people speak it and because it has
greater international usage than any other language.
7. Lingua Franca
English has remained a Lingua Franca
even after colonization because the
onset of the technological revolution,
particularly the use of the Internet,
increased the need to know English.
8. Lingua Franca
The power of the Internet in maintaining
English as a Lingua Franca has been
changing recently because of foreign
Internet browsers and because of the
translation capabilities of U.S. browsers
and websites.
9. NgugiwaThiong'o
•NgugiwaThiong'o is an Kenyan author who currently
teaches Comparative Literature at the University of
California at Irvine. He wrote Decolonizing the Mind while
imprisoned for speaking against the Kenyan
governmental authorities.
10. In 1967, Thiong'o eventually
renounced English and began
writing exclusively in his native
language: Gikuyu (kikuyu)
11. Caribbean English
Because of colonization, the Caribbean
is divided, with some areas being
French-speaking, other areas Spanish-
speaking, still other areas Dutch-
speaking, and finally, some areas,
English speaking.
12. Jamaican English
•Creole English
Sometimes referred to as Jamaican
Patois or Jamaican Creole; it has no
standardized spelling and is often
used in informal settings and in
popular music.
13. Jamaican English
•Jamaican Standard English (JSE)
Combination of American and
British English, particularly in terms
of vocabulary. It incorporates some
lexicon from Jamaican Patois and is
usually the language of education,
government, and media. JMS is
used for writing and is used within
educational institutions.
14. English in India
India
Official Language: Standard Hindi
Primary Language: English (Indian English)
15. Today, English remains a primary
language in India because of the
class associations with language
and because of globalization.
16. National Variations of American
English
One of the most important terms in the study
of English in American (U.S.) is dialect.
17. National Variations of American
English
Dialect--a dialect is the variation of a
standard language used by a particular
cultural, social group
18. Dialects of SAE
African American Vernacular English
(AAVE)--this is the largest dialect
White Vernacular English (WVE)
(sometimes referred to as EAVE--
European American Vernacular
English)
Hispanic Vernacular English (HVE)
19. Dialects of SAE
Each dialect of SAE has its own variations--
according to region, ethnicity, economics,
and gender.
20. AAVE
Examples of words and phrases in the AAVE
Lexicon
Ashy
Saditty
Kitchen
PotLiquor
Get my praise on
Nigga
Dogg
21. AAVE
•It is not only the lexicon which distinguishes
AAVE from SAE but also the highly
metaphorical nature of AAVE
22. AAVE
Being rooted in the language of the newly arrived
Africans and their descendants, AAVE became not
only a language to communicate but also a
language of hidden meaning.
