Out of Africa, back to Africa - a botanists view on coffee
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Piet Stoffelen, Meise Botanic Garden African Diaspora Agro Food Forum 2018 25th April 2018 Bouchout Castle, Botanic Garden Meise Belgium
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Out of Africa, back to Africa - a botanists view on coffee
- 1. Out of Africa, back to Africa A botanist's view on coffee Piet Stoffelen Meise Botanic Garden 1Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee
- 2. Introduction coffee = the most popular beverage and an important commodity coffee = income of more than 25 million farmers/house holds Copyright: Pete Lewis/Department for International Development 2Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee
- 3. 3Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee
- 4. Botanist + coffee = Coffea 44Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee
- 5. A botanist’s view on Coffea arabica: Out of Africa Ethiopian wild coffee Yemen Java La Réunion BourbonTypica Amsterdam 1706 1715-18 Slide courtesy A. Ebert Adapted from: Anthony et al., 2002 ?? 500-1500 5 18th century ?? Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee Narrowing genetic diversity
- 6. A botanist’s view on Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee): Out of Africa C. arabica 950–2000 m alt. C. canephora 50–800(-1500) m alt. 6Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee 1901: the introduction in to culture
- 7. 7Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee Mean threats: Average age of coffee farmers in Latin America is 56 year Prices on the world market are versatile Climate change is causing many problems in (arabica) coffee plantations (e.g. new pests) Will we drink coffee in the future? Yes, we will still drink our cup of coffee if we look for alternative species in Africa if we bring back the knowledge to Africa if we will develop the coffee farms in Africa
- 8. # Coffea-species Σ 104 2 3 874 ≥961 5 1 1 1 1 + 30 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 2 1 1 1 10 5 1 4 2 8 1 6 1 7 179 8Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee n° species WC Africa 22 Ethiopia 1 E Africa 19 Madagascar 59 Mascarenes 3 Total 104 Will we drink coffee in the future? The Botanist’s answer
- 9. Will we drink coffee in the future? The Botanist’s answer 99Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee
- 10. An example: the Kivu Coffee Project 1010Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee We identified during our research a species endemic in Kivu: Morphologically resembling to Arabica Genetically closely related to Arabica Ecologically similar to Arabica
- 11. 1111Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee Aim of the project: Characterizing the species Conserving the species in/ex-situ Multiplying the species Testing the organoleptic characteristics >> in order to introduce the species in culture and make it available for farmers and breeders in the RD Congo An example: the Kivu Coffee Project
- 12. 1212Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee Local Universities and Research Institutes (Bukavu, Graben and Lwiro) ICCN NGO: Rikolto-RDC Cooperatives of Coffee farmers Meise Botanic Garden An example: the Kivu Coffee Project
- 13. 1313Coffea: a botanist‘s view on Coffee Thank you! Questions? Thank you ! Contact: piet.stoffelen@botanicgardenmeise.be
Notas del editor
- In the North: The coffee industry is responsible for 1,694,710 jobs in the US economy The total economic impact of the coffee industry in the US in 2015 was $225.2 billion Coffee-related economic activity comprises ca. 1.6% of the total U.S. gross domestic product Increasing consumption in Asia and Rusland In the South: ca. 25 million small farmers (house holds) are producing 80% of worlds coffee production Coffee is the second most important export product e.g. coffee makes up over half of Uganda’s exports and three-quarters of Burundi’s.