This presentation describes the use of observation archetypes in openEHR clinical modelling, using a real-life use case as an illustration.

1. Hildegard McNicoll
openEHR Archetypes:
Observations

2. Use Case
New Falls Risk Assessment
Existing archetypes don’t fit
Intention to share

3. OBSERVATION archetypes
Gathering of evidence
Measurable / observable data
Patient history, physical examination
Lab tests, imaging
Scores and scales

4. ENTRY sub-type features
Provider
Subject
Data
History
Event
Protocol State Activities Pathway
OBSERVATIONS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
EVALUATIONS Yes Yes Yes
INSTRUCTIONS Yes Yes Yes Yes
ACTIONS Yes Yes Yes Yes
ADMIN_ENTRY Yes Yes

5. ENTRY sub-type features
Provider
Subject
Data
History
Event
Protocol State Activities Pathway
OBSERVATIONS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
EVALUATIONS Yes Yes Yes
INSTRUCTIONS Yes Yes Yes Yes
ACTIONS Yes Yes Yes Yes
ADMIN_ENTRY Yes Yes

6. ENTRY: History/Event feature
All data inside event
Allows complex, repeated
‘events’ to be captured efficiently
Multiple pulse readings
Apgar scores at different times
Support averages, max , min etc

7. Blood Pressure, Published Archetype [Internet]. openEHR Foundation,
openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager [cited: 2016-03-09]. Available
from: http://openehr.org/ckm/#showArchetype_1013.1.130
http://www.openehr.org/releases/RM/latest/docs/data_structures/diagrams/history_ogtt.png

8. ENTRY: ’State’ feature
State of patient with possible impact on interpretation
Exercise level
Fasting state
Anxiety
Stress
Other confounding factors

9. ENTRY: ’State’ feature
State of patient with possible impact on interpretation
Exercise level
Fasting state
Anxiety
Stress
Other confounding factors

10. ENTRY: ’Protocol’ feature
Secondary information about the method or
circumstances of data collection
Device/ methodology e.g. Cuff size
Extension slot

11. SLOTS
Allow modeller to leave a gap
‘plug in’ another archetype
Allows building complex ideas by
mixing combinations of archetypes

12. SLOT Rules
Defined in Reference Model
Compositions
Sections, Entries, Clusters (in context only)
Sections
other Sections, Entries
Entries
Clusters only
i.e. Entries cannot be nested

13. Report, Published Archetype [Internet]. openEHR Foundation,
openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager [cited: 2016-03-09].
Available from: http://openehr.org/ckm/
#showArchetype_1013.1.677
Laboratory test, Draft Archetype [Internet]. openEHR Foundation,
openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager [cited: 2016-03-09]. Available
from: http://openehr.org/ckm/#showArchetype_1013.1.2191

14. SLOT Constraints
Determine which archetypes can fill the slot
Good practice
Keep slot options ‘open’
Use the slot constraint to define common slot fills
Only occasionally ‘lock down’ the slot to specific
archetypes

15. SLOT constraint examples
Blood Pressure, Published Archetype [Internet]. openEHR Foundation, openEHR
Clinical Knowledge Manager [cited: 2016-03-21]. Available from: http://
www.openehr.org/ckm/#showArchetype_1013.1.130

16. Data types
Ordinal
Count?
Quantity?
Text

17. Let’s build an observation
Data
Protocol (Extension slot)
State (Confounding factors)
Events (Point in time)