2.  Concept of Values
 Values & Ethics
 Values & Attitudes
 Types of Values
 Determinants of Values
 Importance of Values in OB

3.  Values are the basic convictions that give us a sense of
right and wrong, good and bad.
 Thus values form the basis of ethical behaviour.
 A value system is a set of consistent ethic values and
measures used for the purpose of ethical or ideological
integrity.
 A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s
values in terms of their intensity forms his/her value
system.

4.  Values are beliefs that affect an individual’s
judgemental ideas about what is good or bad.
 Ethics is the way the values are acted out.
 Ethical behaviour is acting in ways consistent with
one’s personal values and the commonly held
values of the organization and society.
 Ethics is a set of moral principles or values which is
concerned with the righteousness or wrongness of
human behavior and which guides your conduct in
relation to others.
 Ethics involves learning what is right or wrong, and
then doing the right thing

5. Ethics
Virtues and Rights
Standards and Policies
Morals and Values
Culture, Religion, Tradition

6. 1. Both are learned or acquired from the same sources, experience.
2. Both affect behaviour of people.
3. Both are difficult to change.
Values Attitudes
It represent judgement of what is right. It represent predispositions to respond
They represent single belief that guides
An attitude represents several beliefs
actions and judgement across objects
relating to a specific object or situation.
and situations.
Values are derived from social and Attitudes are derived from personal
cultural mores. experiences.

7. Terminal Values Instrumental Values
 Terminal Values
 The desirable end-states of existence; the goals an
individual would like to achieve during his/her life time.
 Instrumental Values
 The way to achieving goals.
 The preferable modes of behaviour or means of
achieving one’s terminal values.

8. Terminal Values Instrumental Values
1. World Peace 1. Honest
2. Happiness 2. Helpfulness
3. Equality 3. Self-Control
4. Beauty in nature 4. Obedience
5. Friendship 5. Open Mindedness
6. Freedom 6. Politeness
7. Pleasure 7. Affection & Love
8. Wisdom 8. Courage
9. Social Respect 9. Responsibility
10.Family Security 10.Intelligence

9. Family Factors
Social Factors
Cultural Factors
Personal Factors

10. 40% of one’s values is genetically determined.
 Family Factors
 Practices adapted by parents to shape the personality of their child.
 Social Factors
 School play the most important role in developing the value system of
an individual.
 Cultural factors
 It includes everything that is learned & passed on from generation to
generation.
 Personal factors
 Personal attributes (characteristics quality)

11.  Values lay the foundation of understanding
 Attitudes (what ought & what ought not to be)
 Perceptions (Right & Wrong)
 Motives
which shape the behaviour of individuals.
 A system of shared values of the organizational
members help in developing the organizational
culture.
 Organizational values which are ethical and in the
interest of the society enhance the image of the
organization.