The document discusses Chapter 13 on the bureaucracy. It provides an overview of the key topics in the chapter, including why Congress allows bureaucratic rulemaking, potential conflicts with this system, models of bureaucracy like the Weberian model, and modern attempts at bureaucratic reform through initiatives like deregulation, privatization, and whistleblower protections. It also addresses the size and organization of the federal bureaucracy along with congressional control over bureaucratic agencies and departments.

1. Chapter 13: The Bureaucracy

2. Tonight’s Class
 Review schedule
 Politics in the news
 The Presidency

3. Schedule
Ch 12
4/21 The Presidency
Ch 13
4/28 The Bureaucracy
Ch 14
5/5 The Judiciary
5/12 •Foreign policy Ch 16
•Wars in Iraq &
Afghanistan
5/19 •Global warming
•Review for the final
5/26 Final exam

4. Final exam
 50 multiple choice questions from ch. 7-14
 Two essays selected from:
 The current economic crisis
 Foreign policy
 Global warming

5. The Bureaucracy: The Power of
Rule-Making
5
Click the icon to open the movie
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

6. Questions
6
 Why does Congress allow for bureaucratic
rulemaking?
 What are the potential conflicts in a system that
allows bureaucratic rulemaking?
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

7. Bureaucracies
7
 Bureaucracies are often handy political targets to
blame for society’s ills.
 Yet, the same bureaucrats who are blamed for red
tape have also accomplished some remarkable tasks:
 NASA
 TVA
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

8. Bureaucracies (cont.)
8
 Americans tend to be against “Big Government” in
the abstract, but they also demand all kinds of
government services.
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

9. © 2003 AP/Wide World Photos 2002 AP/ Wide World Photos
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning 9

10. Bureaucracy and the Policy Process
10
 Client Groups
 Congress
 Triangles and Subgovernments
 Issue Networks
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

11. The Veterans Affairs “Triangle”
11
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

12. The Politics of Bureaucracy
12
 Bureaucracy and Public Opinion
 Bureaucracy and the President
 Bureaucracy and Policymaking
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

13. Models of Bureaucracy
13
 Weberian Model
 Hierarchy
 Specialization
 Rules and regulations
 Neutrality
 Acquisitive Model
 Monopolistic Model
 Bureaucracies Compared
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

14. The Size of the Bureaucracy
14
Today there are about 2.7
million civilian
employees of the federal
government.
(UPI Photo/Bill Greenblatt/Landov)
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

15. A Profile of Bureaucracy: Government Employment—
Federal, State, and Local
15
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

16. © Bob Daemmrich /Stock, Boston /PictureQuest
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning 16

17. Federal Agencies
and Their Employees
17
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

18. 18
Government
Employment at the
Federal, State, and
Local Levels
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

19. Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning 19

20. The Organization of the Federal Bureaucracy
20
 Cabinet Departments
 Independent Executive Agencies
 Independent Regulatory Agencies
 The Purpose and Nature of Regulatory Agencies
 Agency Capture
 Deregulation and Reregulation
 Government Corporations
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

21. Major Regulatory Agencies
21
 The Federal Trade Commission (1914)
 The Federal Communications Commission (1934)
 The Securities and Exchange Commission (1934)
 The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (1978)
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

22. Deregulation
22
 The government regulation of industry, which
increased during the New Deal administration of
FDR, had by the 1970s, become a target of criticism.
 In the 1970s, President Carter called for deregulation
of airlines, banking, trucking, railroads, and
telecommunications.
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

23. The Growth of Social Regulation
23
 Although considerable deregulation of
transportation, communications, and financial
industries took place, social regulation increased
during the 1970s and 1980s.
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

24. Staffing the Bureaucracy
24
 Political Appointees
 The aristocracy of the federal government
 The difficulty of firing civil servants
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

25. Modern Attempts at
Bureaucratic Reform
25
 Sunshine Laws
 The 1966 Freedom of Information Act
 Changes after 9/11
 Sunset Laws require congressional review of existing
programs to determine their effectiveness. If
Congress does not explicitly reauthorize a program,
it expires.
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

26. The Civil Service
26
 The Spoils System
 The Road to Reform
 1850s
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

27. The Carter Reforms
27
 The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
 Whistle-blowers
 The Senior Executive Service
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

28. “I’m sorry, dear, but you knew I was a
bureaucrat when you married me.”
The New Yorker Collection 1980. Robert Weber from cartoonbank.com. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning 28

29. Modern Attempts at
Bureaucratic Reform (cont.)
29
 Privatization
 Incentives for Efficiency and Productivity
 The Government Performance and Results Act
of 1997
 Saving Costs through E-Government
 Helping Out the Whistle Blowers
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

30. Bureaucrats as Politicians and Policy-Makers
30
 The Rulemaking
Environment
 Waiting periods and court
challenges
 Negotiated Rulemaking
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

31. Congressional Control of the Bureaucracy
31
 The ultimate control is in the hands of Congress
because Congress controls the
purse strings.
 Congressional control of the bureaucracy includes
the establishment of agencies and departments, the
budget process, and oversight conducted through
investigations, hearings, and review.
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

32. Questions for
Critical Thinking
32
 What could be done to eliminate iron triangles?
 In modern times, we tend to equate the term
“bureaucracy” with “red tape” or inefficiency. How
does the goal of neutrality and the need for
specialization help reinforce those images?
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

33. Web Links
33
 US Office of Personnel Management
 The Project on Government Oversight
 USA Jobs
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning

34. Web Links (cont.)
34
 GAO—U.S. Government Accountability Office
 FAS—Federation of American Scientists
 OMB Watch
 Openthegovernment.org
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning