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Microeconomics

  Oligopoly

  Few to Sell
Perfect                 Monopolistic
                              Monopoly                    Oligopoly
                Competition               Competition
 Number of
                   Many         One          Many           Few
   Firms
  Type of
                  Identical    Unique       Brands         Similar
  Product
Ease of Entry       Easy      Blocked         Easy          Hard
  Demand          D = MR      D > MR       Dynamic       Game Theory

                                                         STC-Mobily
                                            Brands
                Commodities                              HyperPanda
                              Utilities      Coke
 Examples          Rice                                    Danube
                            Government      Apple
                  Apples
                                                            Pairs
Key Terms   Collusion
            Dominant Strategy
            Nash Equilibrium
            Cooperative Equilibrium
            Non-cooperative Equilibrium
Oligopoly
Oligopoly

   Small number of
interdependent firms
      compete
Oligopoly
Oligopoly
Cannot use usual methods

Demand curves not obvious
   Complex Strategy
Oligopoly
Oligopoly
   Don’t know Demand Curve

Don’t know Marginal Revenue curve

 Don’t know where to find profit
       maximization point
Eddie
  Prisoner's
  Dilemma
                             Silent                 Betrays
                    Eddie                     Eddie
          Silent    1 Year                   Goes Free
                                  Willie                  Willie
                                  1 Year                 10 Years
Willie
                    Eddie                       Eddie
                   10 Years                    5 Years
         Betrays                  Willie                 Willie
                                 Goes Free               5 Years
Prisoner's Dilemma
Prisoner's Dilemma

Pursuing the Dominant Strategy
 Results in Non-Cooperation
     and Leaves Everyone
          Worse Off
Game Theory
Game Theory
   Rules
 Strategies
  Payoffs
John Nash
    (1928 - )

 Game Theory
Nash Equilibrium

  Nobel 1994

A Beautiful Mind
Duoploy
Duoploy

Two Sellers
Hyper Panda
                  2                      1
         Danube                 Danube
   2      1,000                  500
                  Hyper Panda            Hyper Panda
Danube               1,000                  2,000

         Danube                 Danube
          2,000                  700
   1
                  Hyper Panda            Hyper Panda
                     500                    700
Profits
  Attract
Competition
Five Competitive Forces
Five Competitive Forces
    Existing Firms
    Potential Firms
      Substitutes
        Buyers
       Suppliers

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101 oligopoly

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