2. The Linear Attenuation Coefficient (µ)
The linear attenuation coefficient (µ) describes
fraction of a beam of x-rays or gamma rays that
absorbed or scattered per unit thickness of the
medium.
Where:
I=the intensity of photons transmitted across
some distance x
I0=the initial intensity of photons
µ=the linear attenuation coefficient
x=distance traveled ( thickness )
5. CT PRINCIPLE
• The internal structure of an object can be reconstructed from
multiple projections of the object.
• Linear attenuation coefficient (μ) is the base
8. CT :TERMINOLOGY…
• Voxel: Volume element 3D)
• Pixel: Picture element (2D)
• Field of view (FOV): diameter of the area
being scanned
FOV (250mm)
• Pixel size= --------------------
Matrix size(512) – no of pixels
=0.5mm
9.
10. Why we are giving importance to CT numbers and
why not
LINEAR Attenuation coefficient (μ)
11. μ 80kV 100kV 150kV
μ muscle 0.1892 0.1760 0.1550
μ water 0.1835 0.1707 0.1504
Because, when we are changing kvp – Linear attenuation
coefficients are μ varying.
12. but, CT value of muscle at different kvp are constant
(0.1892-0.1835)
80 kV: 1000 x ---------------------- = 31
0.1835
100 kV :1000 x (0.1760-0.1707) / 0.1707= 31
150 kV :1000 x (0.1550-0.1504) / 0.1504= 31
μ 80kV 100kV 150kV
μ muscle 0.1892 0.1760 0.1550
μ water 0.1835 0.1707 0.1504
13. It is easy to remember CT value compare to Linear attenuation
coefficient value.
14.
15.
16. CT IMAGE DISPLAY
• The range of CT numbers above and below the window level
is called the window width,
which determines the contrast
• A narrow window width provides higher contrast than wide
window width
• Window level & window width can be set to any desired
value of CT number
17. Our normal eye will not recognize 2000 divisions of CT illuminations
19. -1000 to -901
-900 to -801
-800 to -701
-700 to -601
-600 to -501
-500 to -401
-400 to -301
-300 to -201
-200 to -101
-100 to -1
0-100
101-200
201 -301
301-400
401-500
501-600
601-700
701-800
801-900
901-1000
25. -1250 to -1201
-1200 to -1151
-1150 to -1101
-1100 to -1051
-1050 to1001
-1000-to -950
-951to -901
-900 to -851
-850 to-801
-800 to-751
-750 to -700
-699 to -650
-649 to -600
-599 to -550
-549 to -500
-499 t0 -450
-449 to -400
-399 to -350
-349 to -300
-299 to -250
27. Window width
The window width (WW) as the name suggests is
the measure of the range of CT numbers that an
image contains. That is range of CT numbers
displayed in the CT image.
A wider window width (2000 HU), therefore, will
display a wider range of CT numbers.
29. Upper and lower grey level
calculation
When presented with a WW and WL one can calculate
the upper and lower grey levels i.e. values over x will be
white and values below -y will be black.
the upper grey level is calculated via
WL + (WW ÷ 2)
the lower grey level is calculated via
WL - (WW ÷ 2)