Aviation Safety: Implementation, Regulation,Training

2. André AuerChairman of the Conference

3. Michael ConstantinidesDeputy Chairman of FSF/SE.Europe-M.East-Cyprus

4. William VossCEO of Flight Safety Foundation

5. CatalinRaduPresident of ECAC

6. Mr. Raymond BenjaminSecretary General of ICAO

7. Christos PetrouConference Coordinator and CEO of FSF/SE.Europe-M.East-Cyprus

10. What are the different models in regulating safety? 1st SESSION Chair: William Voss, CEO of FSFSupport: I. Papadopoulos

11. Patrick GoudouExecutive Director of EASA EASAs approach to regulate safety

12. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "Aviation Safety: Implementation, Regulation, Training" EASA perspective Flight Safety Cyprus, Middle East, S.E Europe Nicosia HILTON- Cyprus27-28 April 2011

14. Systematic safety

15. Compliance based / Prescriptive regulation

16. Objective based regulation

17. Performance based regulation

18. The way forward

20. EASA exercises independent executive role as certifying authority for certain tasks

21. EASA+ National Aviation Authorities together are covering all certification needs for the whole EU/EASA civil aviation system

22. A clear separation of certification tasks between EASA and National Aviation Authorities has been defined 3 Cyprus 2011

24. The system includes nowadays all 27 EU Member States + 4 EFTA States (Norway, Iceland, Lichtenstein and Switzerland)

25. 7 Western Balkan countries are in the process of joining the system 15 Cyprus 2011

26. Cyprus 2011 16 Advantages of an Agency Legally binding rules Higher common safety standards “level playing field” Type-certificates valid across EU One European Counterpart to the FAA

27. Cyprus 2011 17 Systematic safety Total system approach is based on the fact that the aviation system components – products, operators, crews, aerodromes, ATM, ANS, on the ground or in the air - are part of a single network

28. Cyprus 2011 18 Compliance based / Prescriptive regulation Binding standards set. Inspections check. Pro – easy to understand Con – absolute and inflexible Example: EU OPS 1.125 Documents to be carried (a) An operator shall ensure that the following documents or copies thereof are carried on each flight:…

29. 09/05/2011 Cyprus 2011 19 Objective based regulation Objective, goal or target is set. Advisory material provided. Demonstrations needed. Pro – greater flexibility Con – continued achievement not guaranteed Example: CS 25.1309 (b) The aeroplane systems and associated components, considered separately and in relation to other systems, must be designed so that - (1) Any catastrophic failure condition (i) is extremely improbable; ……………

30. 09/05/2011 Cyprus 2011 20 Performance based regulation A measurable level of performance is regularly reviewed. Performance is established, maintained or improved. Pro – continuous monitoring and more transparency Con - requires intelligent definition and application Example: Commission Regulation (EU) 691/2010 on the performance scheme for air navigation services and network functions defines safety key performance indicators

31. Cyprus 2011 21 The way forward Need for change Growth Dynamic industry Complexity and interconnection Lessons learned from safety data analysis Some prescription will remain Objectives good for design requirements

32. Cyprus 2011 22 The way forward Safety Management implementation means: Identifying hazards Managing risks Performance goals and indicators Continuous monitoring Meeting the challenges of the future

33. 24-25/03/2011 ICAO-COPAC International Safety Seminar 23 Definitions Strategy The European Safety Strategy is a set of policies and objectives which are laid down by the European Commission Programme The European Aviation Safety Programme is an integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety Plan The European Aviation Safety Plan is a high level safety issues assessment and related action plan The Plan is a key element of the EASP

34. ICAO-COPAC International Safety Seminar 24 European Aviation Safety Advisory Committee (EASAC) Operational since October 2009 Advisory role Main objectives: Contribute to the development of the Strategy (with EC) Propose a Safety Programme Propose and update a Safety Plan Comprised of Commission, NAAs, Industry and Agency representatives

35. Cyprus 2011 25 The EASP manual Describes the EU Aviation Safety System and Safety Management System Describes how to build a European Aviation Safety Plan Three complementary functions: Rulemaking Oversight Safety assurance and promotion

36. Cyprus 2011 26 The European Aviation Safety Plan Deals with high level and European wide safety concerns Bottom-up approach Proposes organisational and technical actions Coordinated with MS SSP Updated every year

38. Vince GalottiDeputy Director Air Navigation Bureau of ICAO The ICAO way to regulate safety

39. ICAO’s Safety Framework and future activities related to “Regulation” Vince GalottiDeputy Director, Safety Standardization & Infrastructure Air Navigation Bureau, ICAO Nicosia, 27 and 28 April 2011

40. 30 Introduction Standards ICAO Safety Framework Specific operational safety targets by ICAO Targeting our safety resources Summary

41. Chicago Convention Article 37 – Adoption of international Standards and Procedures Each Contracting State undertakes to collaborate in securing the highest practicable degree of uniformity in regulations, Standards, procedures and organization in relation to aircraft, personnel, airways and auxiliary services in all matters in which such uniformity will facilitate and improve air navigation.

42. Annexes to the Convention Standards and Recommended Practices Any specification for physical characteristics, configuration, material, performance, personnel or procedure, the uniform application of which is recognized as necessary/desirable for the safety or regularity of international air navigation. The case of Annexes 1, 2 and 8

43. Annexes to the Convention

46. Applying the fundamentalsof Safety Management #1:LEI and Accident rates are highly correlated #2:The Traffic is a factor of Risk #3:The Traffic growth is a factor of Risk The number of Accidents is not included in the Safety index process as an direct input For a given LEI, the higher the Traffic, the higher the Risk For a given LEI, the higher the Traffic growth, the higher the Risk 36

47. Worldwide distribution < 7 000 departures > 300 000 departures 7 000 – 50 000 50 000 – 300 000 < 7 000 departures 7 000 – 50 000 50 000 – 300 000 > 300 000 departures LEI 2009 Departures per States 37

48. Tailoring Each State’s Action Plan Short-List WHO Prioritize the needs of each State according to its “profile”  Strategic resolution of safety deficiencies HOW Decrease the LEI WHAT 38

49. Where is the Risk? Import / Export Distribution for the Worldwide Short List Importers AGA/ANS Mix Exporters OPS/AIR/PEL 39

50. 40 Action Plan Tailored Action Plan Prioritization of Resources Tailored Action Plans Improve LEIs and safety oversight Infrastructure Air Navigation Deficiencies Training Leading to Measurable Results

51. 41 Extended Diversion Time Operations Safety Benefits: Current operators and new entrants will operate at same level of safety Amendment developed based on Industry Best Practices Outlines new EDTO requirements to include requirements for aeroplanes with more than 2 turbine engines Requirements for twin engine aeroplanes remain the same No change for the vast majority of current long-range operators Status: Consultation with States and Int. Organizations in progress Applicability for Standards anticipated - Nov 2012

52. 42 Fuel Carriage Requirements Benefits: Improve efficiency and reduce emissions safely New and updated provisions to address: Fuel planning and alternate aerodrome criteria Clearly define prescriptive requirements Introduce performance based alternatives Fuel advisory and emergency broadcasts Comprehensive guidance material in “Fuel Planning” Manual Status: Undergoing ANC preliminary review Consultation with States and Int. Organizations early April 2011 Applicability for Standards anticipated - Nov 2012

53. 43 Fuel Contamination Accident recommendation for ICAO to consider developing global standards and/or procedures on aviation fuel quality control Operators already have requirements to ensure fuel is delivered in accordance with acceptable quality control procedures Annex 6 Doc 8335, Manual of Procedures for Operations Inspection, Certification and Continued Surveillance ICAO airport-related manuals address aircraft fuel from perspectives of safety & design of fuel facilities Aviation fuel quality control not specifically covered in guidance material Procedures would apply to one of many services available at aerodrome New guidance material IATA to develop procedures for airport operators and fuel services ICAO wants to work in partnership with IATA on issue

54. PBN Partnership Programme (2 Year) Work area 1 – ATM Operational Implementation: Direct technical assistance to States, service provider, regulators and airlines: Airspace concept workshops (5) Provide Airspace expertise to PBN Go-teams (6) Implementation of Continuous Descent Operations (CDO) Workshops (6) Work area 2 – Development of ICAO documentation: Supporting implementation: Assist development and maintenance of PBN navigation specifications Assist Development of new performance based approach classification, Development and execution of PBN operational approval courses (including train the trainers) Expectations: Enable States to carry out their PBN implementation efforts This implementation will potentially save 108 million tonnes of CO2 over the next 2 years, through 22 RNAV routes, 54 SID/STAR RNP approaches and 25 CDOs Focus on removing roadblocks to operational deployment, concentrated on Operational Approval Process, Airspace Concept Development and Training 44

55. PBN Manual Amendment Final draft expected to be available on ICAONET by October 2011 Currently includes: Improved implementation guidance (incl. Ops approval guidance) RF turn capability for all RNP operations Nav. spec for GPS-equipped GA community that currently cannot get approval under existing nav specs RNP 0.3 for helicopter operations User input & airline support remains critically important 45

56. 46 AOC Database Rollout Develop on-line registry of AOC & Ops-Specs Benefit international commercial aviation Data collected to conform to content required by Annex 6 Collaborative effort between ICAO, IATA and CAUC Improve on-line information available to States Provide transparency as to the validity and currency of AOCs

57. 47 AOC Database Rollout Letter of Intent signed in May 2010 Prototype delivered by CAUC in July 2010 Complete development in China (CAUC) by 09/2011 Transfer, load and test application in ICAO by 10/2011 Send SL notifying States of the availability of the registry 11/2011

58. 48 International Volcanic Ash Task Force Objective: Develop a global safety risk management framework that will make it possible to determine the safe levels of operation in airspace contaminated by volcanic ash Further develop the International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW) through SARPs and guidance Test the effectiveness of regional ATM volcanic ash contingency plans Current activity: International Volcanic Ash Task Force (IVATF) International Airways Volcano Watch Operations Group (IAVWOPSG) Regional Volcanic Ash Exercises Steering Groups (e.g. EUR/NAT) Next steps: EUR/NAT Exercise VOLCEX11/01 – 13 & 14 April 2011 IVATF/2, Montreal – 11 to 15 July 2011 IAVWOPSG/6, Dakar – 19 to 23 September 2011 Establishment of Challenge Team – Fall 2011

59. 49 Sharing of Safety Information Global Safety Information Exchange (GSIE): To establish procedures for sharing aviation safety information among key players in civil aviation community MOU on GSIE signed on 28 Sep 2010 between:

60. 50 Sharing of Safety Information MOU mandated establishment of steering group involving all participants First steering group meeting - Dec 2010 Next meeting on 27 May 11 to: Establish terms of reference for GSIE Establish mechanisms for information sharing Discuss inclusion of additional partners

61. 51 Fatigue Risk Management Systems Fatigue Management SARPs to include: Mandatory FTL regulations (as current) Optional FRMS regulations (proposed) Effective FRMS standards anticipated (Oct 2011) Detailed guidance material for operators & regulators (Mar 2011) FRMS Symposium & Forum (30 Aug – 2 Sept, 2011) Thanks to IATA for collaboration and partnership on this issue

62. Upper Age Limits for Pilots Current Standard requires that if the Pilot-In-Command is 60-64 years, other pilot must be under 60 Restriction probably has little impact on flight safety… necessary to get change agreed by Council in 2006: 27 voted in favour – 24 required ICAO proposes review but data to support change is not available Timeline for review: Feb 2011: Letter to IATA requesting research documenting performance levels in different age groups, including comparison of 60-64 year olds and younger pilots Dec 2011: SL requesting views of States/Organizations In response to SL, IATA refers to research results June 2012: Initial Review by ANC of new proposal Sept 2012: Final Review by ANC March 2013: Adoption by Council Nov 2013: Applicability date 52

63. 53 Next Generation of Aviation Professionals ICAO launched NGAP initiatives in 2010: Established NGAP Task Force Held 1st NGAP Symposium (March 2010) HLSC and A/37 recommended that States should support work of the NGAP initiatives One of NGAP main task is outreach ICAO will hold regional conferences

64. 54

66. H. ChaoukDirector General of Lebanese CAA Safety Regulation in the Middle East Need of interoperability with Europe?

67. Aviation Challenges and recommendations Safety Regulation in the Middle East Interoperability with Europe Dr. Hamdi ChaoukDirector General of Civil AviationLebanon

69. Passenger Traffic Growths (2008-2010)

70. World Hull Loss / million sectorsWestern built jet hull losses

71. Jet Hull Loss Rates (2005-2010)

72. World jet Hull Loss Rate (1998-2010)

73. Regional Problems Africa high accident rate – labor problems – infrastructure problems - liberalization and privatization difficulties. Middle East Lack of growth management – Inefficiency – poor vision for the planned US$38 billion investment. Russia and CIS Safety concerns – business practice not in line with Global standards.

74. Regional Problems Europe Lack of delivery – micro-management – congestion. United States Adverse effects due to domestic politics – Weak leadership. Asia Pacific Lack of harmonization – Lack of regional aviation organization. Lack of managing huge growth.

76. Inefficient Governments Aviation Systems (autonomy, monopoly..)

77. Lack of Harmonized Laws, Decrees, Regulations and Policies.

79. Regulators (vs.) Airlines & Airport Authorities relationships.

81. Improved Regulation via Efficient Restructuring ROADMAP for RESTRUCTURING

82. Aviation Strategy

83. Efficient Regulation Via Efficient Restructuring

84. Efficient Regulation Via Efficient Restructuring

85. Lebanon Experience in LiberalizationThe turnaround after 2001

86. BRHI Airport and MEA Growths

87. Interoperability with Europe * Euro-Med Program * EMAC * Common Aviation Area * Largest Percentage of traffic flow * Largest number of airlines crossing borders * Fully mature and stable regulatory structure * The EU and EASA status * The status of the Arab League and ACAC

88. Interoperability with Europe * Cost Efficiency in safety and security * Harmonization of regulations and standards * Eurocontrol and Arab Control * Enhanced security system * Reduction in congestion over Europe * Common Trainings and Standards * Better environmental conditions

89. THE END Thank you

91. FAA’s view on regulating aviation safety: The need for closer regional cooperation Roy D.BarnettSenior FAA Representative,ME. Office,US,Embassy, Abu Dhabi,UAE

92. 78 Federal Aviation Administration FAA Safety Oversight & Rulemaking Overview Cyprus Safety Conference Nicosia April 2011 Roy D. Barnett Senior FAA Representative, Middle East Office of Policy, International and Environment

95. Requirements for foreign aircraft flying into US airspace.

96. An overview of FAA rulemaking responsibilities.

98. Flight Standards’ International Field OfficesGeographic Areas of Responsibility Anchorage IFO – Russia, CIS States and Northwest Canada San Francisco IFO – Asia/Pacific & Australia (129 Issuance) & Repair Station audits in South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, and the Pacific Islands Miami IFO – South America and the Caribbean Dallas IFO – Mexico and Central America Singapore IFO - Repair Station Audits in Asia/Pacific (except those noted above) Frankfurt IFO - Africa, Europe & Middle East New York IFU- (Canada, Part 129 Issuance, issuance of Ops Specs etc.) Website: http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/field_offices/ifo/

100. Support and participate in the continued safety review programs of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the development of related TRAINAIR program materials.

101. Perform ramp inspections of non-U.S. air carriers that conduct scheduled operations to the United States.

103. Air carriers must adhere to all parts of their operations specifications, applicable Federal Aviation Regulations, and applicable ICAO Annexes.

105. Cargo Build Up / Cargo Loading

106. Deicing

107. Ground Handling / Ground Servicing

108. Fueling

110. Surveillance of a foreign air carrier is conducted at any time on U.S. soil, and inspections are conducted on a routine or recurring basis.

113. Results are shared with the FAA office that is responsible for the oversight of the foreign carriers operations specifications

115. International standards are the primary elements for the inspection activity

116. Repeated issues with several carriers of the same State may indicate a lack of oversight by the civil aviation authority

118. Crew License Verification

119. Aircraft Records Review

121. No Action

122. Letter of Correction (company)

123. Letter of Warning (individual)

124. Civil Penalty

126. The foreign air carrier must have an air operating certificate (AOC) issued by the State of the Operator.

128. International Aviation Safety Assessment Program (IASA) The FAA established the IASA program through public policy and legislative action in August 1992. The assessment program focuses on the ability of the civil aviation authority (not the individual air carrier’s ability) to adhere to international standards.

131. These improvements will normally result in changes to both a country’s foreign and domestic aviation operations.

135. The Rulemaking Steering Committee is composed of: The Associate and Assistant Administrators with rulemaking responsibility. Representatives of the Office of General Counsel’s Regulations Division and the Office of Aviation Policy and Plan’s Regulatory Analysis Division. A representative of the Department of Transportation’s Office of General Counsel. Meets semi-annually. Sets the regulatory strategic vision for the FAA.

138. Challenges: Need for closer regional cooperation Need to do more sharing data: PTRS,VIS,IASDEX. Joint analysis and discussion of pre-cursors of what actions needed to address potential risks. RASG, Regional Aviation Safety Roadmaps. Requirement for transparency of safety data, coupled with adequate protection. Need for establishment of a “just safety culture”. Move toward predictive rather than reactive data. Challenge of assisting States to bring safety levels up.

139. Conclusion FAA’s Active International Presence Includes: Senior Representatives based outside the United States Extensive Safety Oversight of non-U.S. Air Carriers International Aviation Safety Assessment (IASA) Program Aircraft Certification Air Traffic Coordination Collaboration with ICAO

140. Questions?

142. EugenyShaposhnikovChairman of Flight Safety International-Russia Safety Regulation in Russia: Challenges and opportunities

143. The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) The FSFI input into flightsafety in the Russian Federation: history, challenges and achievements Cyprus, Nicosia April 27-28, 2011

144. 107 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) The Flight Safety Foundation Internationalis one of the seniorpublic organizations in Russia establishedin Mach, 1989 at the time of the Soviet Union It means that presently we are 22 years old

145. 108 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) The FSFI Management: Eugeny Shaposhnikov BoG Chairman Ivan Mashkivsky BoG Honorary Chairman John Enders Honorary President

147. Manufactures

148. Airlines

149. Training Centers

150. R & D Institutions

152. 111 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) An example of lawmaking process: In order to introduce changes into the Air Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 27 and 29 pertaining to State Oversightin Civil Aviation) it was necessary to change 4 Government Regulationsandsome Ordersof Transport Ministry – altogether to tackle 9 hurdles.

153. 112 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) Aviation Rulemaking Hierarhy in the Russian Federation Laws Constitution Federal Constitutional Laws Federal Laws Codes of the Russian Federation Laws of Constituent Territories of the Russian Federation By-Laws President Orders Local Normative Acts Government Regulations Acts of Federal Government Powers

154. 113 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) The FSFI activities: Promotion of national and international best practices Twice a month the FSFI disseminates between the Corporate Members on-line information (more than 500 issues over these years)on accidents and incidentsin Russia and the CIS Member States; We regularly translate into Russiantopical informationon flight safety from western periodicals(USA, including the FSF documents,UK,Canada, European Union, as well as materials provided by Boeing and Airbus).

155. 114 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) The FSFI activities: Promotion of national and international best practices Another important instrument in this area: Every year in close cooperation with international organizations and in order to implement new safety requirements into Russian airlines and other organizations practice (including SMS requirements and Global Aviation Safety Roadmap provisions) we are holdingat least 1 international workshop on flight safety problems which are of great concern at ICAO, international aviation community and Russian aviation stakeholders. With reference to these events we would like you to pay attention to the following:

156. 115 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) The FSFI Workshops Russia, Moscow, April 8-9, 2010 International Workshop Safety Culture and Reporting SystemRussia, Moscow, April 14-15, 2009 International Workshop Global Aviation Safety Roadmap and RussiaRussia, Moscow, April 10-11, 2008 International Workshop SMS in Civil Aviation and Preparation for USOAPAzerbaijan, Baku, September 12 – 13, 2007 International Workshop ALAR Tool KitRussia, Moscow May 31 – June 1, 2007International Workshop ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements: Progress Report?Russia, Moscow, June 1-2, 2006 International Workshop ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements: Are you Ready?Russia, Moscow, November 7-10, 200558th FSF International Air Safety Seminar (IASS)

157. 116 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) The FSFI Workshops Russia, Moscow, June 9-10, 2005International Workshop Air Navigation Information Today and TomorrowRussia, Moscow, June 9-10, 2004International Workshop Accident Prevention: Learning from Each OtherRussia, Moscow, July 29-30,2003International Workshop Approach and Landing Accident Reduction (ALAR Tool Kit)Russia, Magadan, July 24-25, 2002 CNS/ATM, Russia, ХХI CenturyRussia, Tyumen,2001International Workshop Civil Aviation Flight Safety Strategy in XXI Century On May, 12-13, 2011 in Moscow we are planning to hold International Workshop Flight Safety: Machine – Human – Environment, 2011

158. 117 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) The FSFI Awards: 1. Outstanding Achievements in the Field of Flight Safety Award 2. Outstanding Contribution to Enhancement of Flight Safety after the Name of M. P. Simonov, Sukhoi General Designer Award 3. Outstanding Achievements in the Field of Air Traffic Management Safety Award 4. Heroism, Courage and Resourcefulness Award 5. Contributions to Appreciation of Flight Safety’s Importance by Journalists Award. 6. Flight Safety Foundation International Certificate of Achievements

159. 118 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI)

160. 119 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) Thus, Flight Safety Foundation International making the most of above mentioned resources, closely cooperating with Russian Federation regulators and international organizations, is striving to achieve acceptable level of safety stipulated by the ICAO documents. Some of these results may be seen on the following slides:

161. 120 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) ICAO Regulations Non-Compliance Worldwide

162. 121 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) Accident Rate: Present and Forecast per 100 000 hours of flight time

163. 122 Civil Aviation Risk Rate According toSAFA The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI)

164. 123 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) FSFI has been closely cooperating with Russian aviation authorities for more than 20 years in many areas, including development of aviation safety regulations. While tackling problems related to ICAO regulations compliance, the FSFI strives for taking into accountlong-term problems; the most pressing of themis to turn Russia into acompetentand active member of the International Aviation Community. Our participation in this Conference – isanotherstep in this direction.

165. 124 The Flight Safety Foundation International (FSFI) Thank you

168. Challenges in implementing safety regulations 2nd SESSION Chair:Mr. Ulrich Schulte-Strathaus, Secretary General of the Association of European Airlines ( AEA)Support: A. Georgiou – Head of Safety, Cyprus Airways

169. C. RaduPresident of ECAC and Director General of Romanian CAA The experience of Romania

170. Challenges in implementing safety regulationsSSP -The experience of Romania Catalin RADU – Director General of Civil Aviation - ROMANIA 129

174. The European Aviation Safety Programme (EASP) build a bridge at regional level to the ICAO’s requirements for SSPs 130

176. The Gap analysis is a very useful tool when starts the implementation.131

178. Establish the placeholder of the SSP (the National CAA);

179. Nominating the Accountable manager ;

180. Establish SSP Safety Board and SSP Safety Committee;

181. Start the training for personnel involved in the implementation at very early stages.132

183. Allocation of resources need to be planned well in advance and is based of the commitement and awarness of the accountable manager.133

185. Where possible, automated systems need to be implemented to monitor daily operational activities ;

186. Automated systems of safety data collection and processing need to be installed.134

188. The establishment of provisions for the protection of safety data collection and processing systems.135

190. Establish ALoS at national level;

191. Establish the enforcement policy with the conditions and circumstances under which to deal with safety deviations .136

193. Shifting from reactive system to performance based analysis;

194. Computing capabilities and automated tools are needed.137

195. SSP Implementation - Romanian experience High level Conference held in Bucharest initiated the activities on the implementation of SSP In co-operation with ICAO, RoCAA provided training courses (SSP and SMS implementation course) for their own personnel and for aviation staff working in various domains (february and march 2009); First working group for the SSP implementations was established (Decision of the RoCAA Director no. D226 / 18.03.2009); First draft of the draft gap analysis and preliminary SSP implementation planning (july 2009); Nomination of the RoCAA General Director as SSP National Coordinator (july 2009); RoCAA starting discution with MTI/DGAC and with accident investigation agency for SSPSafety Board and SSPSafety Committee componence; An SSP implementation training course was delivered to members of the SSP Safety Board and SSP Safety Committee in co-operation with ICAO; 138

196. SSP Implementation - Romanian experience The “Romanian SSP gap analysis” was revised, finalised and approved; In order to gain experience and share information several aviation specialists participated to “SSP/SMS implementation” workshop for CERG States held in Bratislava (organised in cooperation with ICAO); The “Romanian State Safety Programme”currently in draft under internal revision; The Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure order will be developed to approve The “Romanian State Safety Programme”; 139

197. Thank you ! 140

199. Erik Merckxformer Deputy Director of Safety,EUROCONTROL Pioneers on ATM Safety Regulation

200. Pioneers on European ATM Safety Regulation Dr.Erik MerckxNicosia, Cyprus27 April 2011

202. European Regulation on Accident and Incident reporting

203. Pioneers on ATM Safety Regulation: ESARRs

204. ESARRs transposed in European Community Law

206. Annex 11 – Air Traffic Services

207. Annex 13 – Accident/incident Investigation

208. PANS-ATM – Doc 4444

209. SES 1 and 2

211. EC 1315/2007

214. ESARR 3

215. ESARR 5

216. ESARR 4

217. ESARR 6

218. ESARR 11947 2000 2004 2009

220. Aim: Harmonization

221. ESARR 2

222. Collect ECAC Data

223. Severity

224. Trend analysis

225. Initially focus on Accident Investigation

226. Mandatory Incident Reporting

227. ADREP Database

228. Just Culture

229. Voluntary Incident reporting

230. EC 1321/2007:

233. Mandatory reporting of incidents

234. EC collects the data in a central database (ECCAIRS)

235. States and International bodies have accessEuropean Regulation on Accident / Incident Reporting European Commission European Commission EUROCONTROL European Commission ICAO 1947 1994 2000 2003 2007

236. Pioneers on ATM Safety Regulation: ESARRs Risk Assessment New Systems Recruitment/ Selection Procedures Operational Processes Incident Reporting Safety Surveys and Follow-up Risk Assessment New ATC Procedures Training Incident Investigation Interfaces ATS and CNS Competency Checks Lessons Learnt CNS Maintenance Procedures Risk Assessment Airspace Changes Refresher/ Advanced Training Risk Assessment Software Changes Emergency Procedures ESARR 3 All elements of the SMS described in policies, well documented, communicated, updated, data recorded

237. Pioneers on ATM Safety Regulation: ESARRs Risk Assessment New Systems Recruitment/ Selection Procedures Operational Processes Incident Reporting Safety Surveys and Follow-up Risk Assessment New ATC Procedures Training Incident Investigation Interfaces ATS and CNS Competency Checks Lessons Learnt CNS Maintenance Procedures Risk Assessment Airspace Changes Refresher/ Advanced Training Risk Assessment Software Changes Emergency Procedures ESARR 5 All elements of the SMS described in policies, well documented, communicated, updated, data recorded

238. Pioneers on ATM Safety Regulation: ESARRs Risk Assessment New Systems Recruitment/ Selection Procedures Operational Processes Incident Reporting Safety Surveys and Follow-up Risk Assessment New ATC Procedures Training Incident Investigation Interfaces ATS and CNS Competency Checks Lessons Learnt CNS Maintenance Procedures Risk Assessment Airspace Changes Refresher/ Advanced Training Risk Assessment Software Changes Emergency Procedures ESARR 4 All elements of the SMS described in policies, well documented, communicated, updated, data recorded

239. Pioneers on ATM Safety Regulation: ESARRs Risk Assessment New Systems Recruitment/ Selection Procedures Operational Processes Incident Reporting Safety Surveys and Follow-up Risk Assessment New ATC Procedures Training Incident Investigation Interfaces ATS and CNS Competency Checks Lessons Learnt CNS Maintenance Procedures Risk Assessment Airspace Changes Refresher/ Advanced Training Risk Assessment Software Changes Emergency Procedures ESARR 2 All elements of the SMS described in policies, well documented, communicated, updated, data recorded

240. Pioneers on ATM Safety Regulation: ESARRs ESARR 1 Safety Oversight by the National Supervisory Authority of the ANSP

241. Transposition of ESARRs in European Community Law

244. 95 % of IFR traffic Safety Maturity in Air Traffic Management

245. Future: Consolidation of Regulations SMS - Airports ? SMS - Military ? ? SMS - ANSPs ? ? SMS - Airlines ? SMS - Suppliers Aircraft Avionics Ground Equipm.

247. Fred Van der Meer CEO of HERMES Airports Is there a need to regulate Airport Safety?

248. AVIATION SAFETY CONFERENCENicosia, 27 – 28 April 2011 Is there a need to regulateAIRPORT SAFETY ? Questions by Fred van der Meer CEO of Hermes Airports Ltd

249. Could you accept the following DEFINITIONS? Regulate is to control and/or supervise an activity by means of rules and regulations An airport is a location where aircraft take off and land Safety is the perception of being safe from harm or danger Need to Regulate Airport Safety?

250. Need to Regulate Airport Safety? Who is the AUDIENCE? European Union Politicians / Public Government / Government Agencies Airlines and Airline Organisations Air traffic Control and ATC organisations Airport Organisations Airport Operators

251. Is there a common UNDERSTANDING? Airport activities / facilities What safety / security are we talking about Objective – preventive, harm mitigation, identification of liability Type and level of regulations Need to Regulate Airport Safety?

252. What do we HAVE and what are we CURRENTLY DOING? FAA ICAO EU directives National laws and regulations Need to Regulate Airport Safety?

253. Alternative QUESTIONS Are we happy with what we have and what we are doing? IF NOT Is there a need for more regulations or for less regulations? or do we need different regulations ? Need to Regulate Airport Safety?

254. Before we START shouldn’t we AGREE on Organisational level to issue regulations? Activities and facilities to be regulated? Risk appetite? Need to Regulate Airport Safety?

255. Critical Question: Are we as professionals able to be innovative enough to improve on what we have or should we get OUTSIDE help? Need to Regulate Airport Safety?

256. .......perhaps ....... let’s think about it and remember that the benefit to some must be larger than the cost to others Need to Regulate Airport Safety?

258. Richard HillCEO ETIHAD Airlines The view of an airline / ETIHAD’s Challenges to safety regulation

260. Implementing Safety Regulations the Operator’s perspective Captain Richard Hill, Chief Operations Officer

261. The starting point Understanding and accepting the need for change: Clearly communicated Risk based Demonstrable safety benefit Realistic timescale Applicable to all (level playing field)

262. Harmonisation ICAO SARPs IATA IOSA EASA EU OPS LOCAL REGULATION

263. Consultation NPA, NPRM, RIA Notice period Opportunity to influence outcome Commercial impact Cost vs benefit

264. Education Risk assessment Safety case Additional Means of Compliance Clearly written background material Point of contact within the regulator with experience

265. Implementation Timescale Interpretation Consistency between regulators Consistency between FOIs

266. Etihad case study: Implementing a Safety Management System The challenges: Time Regulation Guidance Resources Experience Requirement for an EHSMS regulated by a different Authority

267. Issues to resolve Culture Resources Commitment of ALL levels of management and employees Defining Safety Performance Indicators and Goals

268. What worked for us? Taskforce

269. What worked for us? Facilitators / Safety Business Partners

270. What worked for us? Training Concept: 1 day Higher Management 3 days Management and Key Staff 2 – 4 hours Operational Staff 1 hour All Staff (ESMS)

271. What worked for us? Enhanced Meeting Culture – Internal: Safety Action Groups Postholder Meeting Safety & Quality Review Board

273. Progress

274. Plans / Intentions

275. Expectations

276. Concerns

278. The outcome Successful SMS implementation Improved safety communication Greater safety awareness Lower risk – greater efficiency Continued safe flight operations

279. Lessons learnt Communication Regulatory expertise Regulators set the standard Consultation Consistency

280. ευχαριστώ πολύ! Thank you!

282. Nicolas LyrakidesFormer Executive Vice-President for Europe of IFATCA Regulating ATM Safety / The view of ATCOs

283. FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION/ SOUTH EAST EUROPE- M. EAST – CYPRUSAVIATION SAFETY: REGULATING, IMPLEMENTING, TRAININGNicosia, 27-28 April 2011 “Regulating ATM Safety/ The view of ATCOs" Nicolas Y. LYRAKIDES -Supervisor Air Traffic Controller -Transport & Communications Counsellor of Cyprus in EU -IFATCA ex-EVP EUROPE, 2002-2006 190

284. Aviation Safety Statements Air transport is one of the safest modes of travel. It is also the fastest growing. (4.1 accidents/million departures) Safety -cannot be compromised and must be enhanced with increased traffic levels. Aviation accidents rarely result from a single failure but rather from a combination of events. Safety can never be taken for granted - constant effort is needed to maintain its high level in the changing operational and economic context of the global air transport industry. The main purpose of ATM services is to ensure that airplanes depart, fly and land safely, at a reasonable cost.

285. OVERVIEW Introduction /Aviation Safety Statements Global ATM Safety Regulation- Current situation/ IFATCA Policy Safety Regulation Approaches General View- Trends inAir Traffic Management Major Aviation Stakeholders European ATM Regulation/ATCOs perspective Think Performance Regulation in ATM- Case Study: EUROPE 1st pillar- Regulating performance SES Safety PIs- ATCOS views, suggestions Safety Culture/Just Culture Budapest Conference- 3-4 March 2011 4th pillar- Human factor Concluding remarks 192

286. Global ATM Safety Regulation- Current situation 3 basic layers of safety regulation: 1. International (Global) regulatory arrangements and requirements, established and promulgated by ICAO (SARPS, Safety Management, USOAP) 2. Regional regulatory arrangements and requirements (EU, EASA, SES II) 3. National regulatory arrangements and requirements (flexibility,inconsistency) 193 ICAO ATCOS (IFATCA) believe that: safety standards must be clearly defined at an international level (ICAO) and must be adopted on a regional basis.

287. Global ATM Safety Regulation-IFATCA POLICY 194 IFATCA supports the ultimate objective of achieving global harmonization in safety regulation. IFATCA believes that sufficient resources should be directed towards establishing robust and independent safety regulation at national, regional and global levels to encompass ATM equipment, procedures and personnel.

288. Safety Regulation Approaches 195 Objective eg. ICAO requirements for Safety Management Prescriptive Technical systems (eg. data link) Flexible solutions but inconsistency in implementation

289. General View- Trends inAir Traffic Management 196 move from: Government managed public service Commercialized- privatized environment ATCOS believe that :Safety is the absolute priority and that it takes precedence over every aspect of the current and future ATM system.

290. 197 MAJOR AVIATION STAKEHOLDERS AERONAUTICS INDUSTRY REGULATORS/ AUTHORITIES ICAO EC/EASA EUROCONTROL AIRCRAFT OPERATORS ANSPs MILITARY AVIATION STAKEHOLDERS AIRPORTS safety is the top priority for all aviation actors worldwide STAFF ATCOS PILOTS ELECTRONIC OTHERS +IFATCA CIVIL AIRSPACE USERS PASSENGERS MEDIA EDUCATION WORLD ENVIRONMENTALISTS

291. IFATCA is a major stakeholder in the ATM system and is committed to the inclusion of the controllers' viewpoint in all future developments of the ATM system. IFATCA also recognizes the importance of all parties working together to achieve the common objective of increasing capacity without compromising safety standards. 198 MAJOR AVIATION STAKEHOLDERS

292. European ATM Regulation ATM safety regulation has been developed considerably in the last 10 years. EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirements (ESARRS) ………framework for ATM SAFETY EC Single European Sky legislation ..aiming at harmonizing the arrangements across Europe and requiring the establishment of national safety regulatory bodies: National Supervisory Authorities (NSAs) 199

293. Think Performance Regulation in ATM- Case Study: EUROPESES II- Single European Sky – 5 pillarsRegulation (EC) No 1070/2009 – Improvement of the performance and sustainability of the European aviation system 200 improving safety by a factor of 10 691/2010

294. SES II- Single EuropeanSky-ATCOs’ perspective The view of IFATCA and the ATCOS family, is that the extension of EASA competency to ANS and Airports will reinforce the regulation, oversight and monitoring of ANS safety, and has a central role in the proposed approach to safety performance under the performance scheme. IFATCA has embraced the work EASA is carrying out and wishes to have robust and relevant rulemaking and regulation, which should be less influenced by political interest, but be more respectful of the EU rules and regulations for EASA . ATCOS believe that the technology pillar, SESAR, will definitely give new advanced tools to ATCOs, that will provide the new generation of ATM technologies and procedures. The new SESAR operational concept aims at moving from today's airspace based trajectories to the time based operations ("4-D trajectories"). 201

295. Regulation (EC) No 1070/2009 – Improvement of the performance and sustainability of the European aviation system The Member States, acting in accordance with their national legislation, shall establish consultation mechanisms for appropriate involvement of stakeholders, including professional staff representative bodies, in the implementation of the single European sky. Major principle: The human factor plays a key role in ensuring the change process 202

296. 1st pillar- Regulating performance Scheme Main features: Definition of Key Performance Areas (KPAs)- (safety, capacity, environment, cost-efficiency) Definition of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Defn of pan-european targets associated with the KPIs Requirement to produce national (or FAB) Performance Plans (PP) – NSAs obligation Adoption of binding PP by MS and acceptance by EC Introduction of reference periods (RPS) to assess and review results Setting up of alert thresholds and Sanctions if targets are not met 203 RP1:2012-14 RP2:2015-19

297. …../…1st pillar- Regulating performance Scheme Key Performance Areas (KPAs)- Safety 204

298. …../…1st pillar- Regulating performance Scheme Key Performance Areas (KPAs)- Safety 17 out of 29 states participating in the SES Regulation (27 EU MS plus Norway, Switzerland), have indicated that they will participate to the Safety KPA by setting some national targets. The so-called E3 (Eurocontrol, European Union and EASA) have worked to publish some metrics for KPIs for Safety. The future IR will take the form of an amendment of Regulation 691/2010. The ICAO State Safety Programme and SMS framework will be used to draft the proposal. 205

299. …../…1st pillar- Regulating performance Scheme ……./…Key Performance Areas (KPAs)- Safety The SMS will be complemented by Management Objectives of ICAO. The EC distinguish between the Service Provision Level and the State Management Level. The State’s level assessment will be verified by EASA standardisation inspections. Occurrence Severity Classification: Just Culture will be measured (including the lack of Just Culture). Concept document will be presented in a stakeholder workshop for NSAs on 13 May and wider stakeholder workshop on 17 June. Adoption in SSC 44 on 28 September 2011. 206

300. SES Safety Performance Indicators – ATCOS’ views IFATCA does understand the necessity for government to act as a control mechanism of commercialized ANSPs. But are these PIs a true measurement of the ATM system from the ATCO's perspective? Arguably not. Many factors beyond the control of any individual ATCO, or ATC Centre, that will influence the outcome of these measurements: equipment capability, capacity and serviceability, military activity, traffic priorities, resourcing, training, airspace design, and over-demand etc. Different results if measured at a system level, national level, district level or unit / facility level. ATCOs must be extremely careful where these results are broken down further to sector, console or individual ATCO level. 207

301. …/..SES Safety Performance Indicators – ATCOS’ views "quantitative" rather than "qualitative“ PIs "Safety" PIs tend to measure: rates of occurrences per distance flown or numbers of flights per volume etc. They measure "reported events" after the fact. But : do they measure "preventative" actions by the ATCO's? Can they measure professionalism, caution and separation assurance? Whilst the PIs may "infer" the success of these factors by low occurrence rates, are these successes then reflected "negatively" in the "efficiency", "accessibility "and "cost effectiveness" PIs? 208

302. SES Safety Performance Indicators – ATCOS’ views/ suggestions IFATCA concludes that PIs should not be read as being totally indicative of ATC performance from an individual, sector or unit perspective. Indeed most of the PIs as currently used have little direct relevance to the operational ATCO. So far, IFATCA is not aware of PIs that accurately measure the operational performance of an ANSP, although such PIs have been suggested for development. Concerning safety issues, these could include: number of occurrence reports received vs. investigated; number of recommendations from investigations made/accepted/implemented; etc. 209

303. SES Safety Performance Indicators – IFATCA policy Global metrics for the performance of the ATM System be developed through ICAO processes as soon as possible. Controller expertise must be used: in the establishment and settings of metrics that measure the performance of the ATM System in establishing and reviewing models used for determining performance of the ATM System to ensure that the models accurately reflect how the ATM system functions. in the interpretation of data used to assess the performance of the Air Traffic Management System to ensure that data is not misleading because it is incomplete or incorrectly applied. Important that Member Association’s of IFATCA: can understand the logic, the targets and the possible impact of these new features in their daily operational work. should get involved in the consultation process with regard to the target setting process which is currently ongoing. 210

304. The “Just culture” concept One of the objectives of a “just culture” environment is to institutionalise the improved collaboration between aviation safety and judicial authorities. The following description of “just culture” has been developed in Europe: A culture in which front line operators or others (pilots, air traffic controllers, electronic engineers, etc.) are not punished for actions, omissions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training, but where gross negligence, wilful violations and destructive acts are not tolerated” “Just Culture” is supported by ICAO (Safety Culture), EUROCONTROL, EU, STAFF ORGANISATIONS, etc. DO NOT SHOOT THE MESSENGER 211

305. Budapest Conference- 3-4 March 2011 Implementing SES- The Human Factor VP S Kallas: “ATM needs to go beyond just the control of aircraft… the social dialogue is being modernized through the establishment by the Cion of a dedicated group of experts to bring the “human factor” to life!!!! …..Here is one idea to start off the reflection: is it possible that we think already of setting up some ad hoc arrangements to improve mobility of controllers? P Griffiths-PRB: “Human factor pillar must address social dialogue, which is expressing discontent and a break down in service. Change management cannot be done at the expense of a vital section of the community. However, I will make this clear from the start, it does not mean paying these sections that hold the community to ransom more it means making sure that they are involved and buy into the change management programmes” 212

306. Budapest Conference- 3-4 March 2011 Implementing SES- The Human Factor Many view the voiced concerns of controllers as being barriers to progress. This view point is unfounded as controllers accept the fact that the advanced technologies can bring benefits to the way that they control air traffic and they are positive in change management programs, as long as these advances take place in a co-operative manner in the form of consultation with the end users who have the operational knowledge with which to turn these capabilities of technology into a service. 213

307. …../…Budapest Conference- 3-4 March 2011 Implementing SES- The Human Factor P Goudou-EASA: “…Human Factor is a key element of the safety of the European system. We have to raise safety awareness and make sure that the European pilots and Controllers are properly and regularly trained to avoid any mistakes having a possible fatal outcome. D McMillan- EUROCONTROL: Regulation should not be a system of restrictions….but rather it should be the heart of driving forward improvements-making them happen. It should be a help, not a hindrance. It needs to be fit for purpose. 214 ATCOS: WE FULLY SUPPORT THIS STATEMENT

308. 4th pillar SES II- Human factor The Human factor plays a KEY ROLE in ensuring the change process in ATM Human role -Crucial -Core -Training -Investment Mobility -no force mobility -No social dumping Just culture Social dialogue and expert group 215 Need for all ACTORS to work together in a holistic approach, in order to achieve tangible, effective and realistic results for the benefit of Air Transport Industry around the world

309. Concluding remarks Human factor: to be integrated everywhere Cooperation is the way forward Keep the human in the core of the system Social dialogue is the pivotal tool SES implementation needs the staff support Safety & just culture: work in progress 216 Cion revision of Dir. 2003/42/EC on occurrence reporting- end 2011 Flash 1

310. TRUE STATEMENTS ON ATCOS……few of many more!!! 217 -We hold more lives in our hands in one average shift than a medical doctor does in his whole career -We can’t imagine doing any other work -Everything we say is recorded -We aren't allowed to make mistakes -We are always in control -We control everything in our environment -Our spouses will never understand us or understand what we do -We all have crash dreams, rather nightmares -We will control traffic even in our sleep -No, you can not imagine the stress we have when on the board -We work in the middle of the night and on Christmas, on Easter and on weekends and on birthday anniversaries of our beloved ones Despite all these, we take extreme pride in the quality of our work and we are all VERY PROUD of the profession we serve with loyalty and care for the utmost SAFETY!

311. Thank you for your attention! Nicolas Y. LYRAKIDES -Supervisor Air Traffic Controller -Transport & Communications Counsellor of Cyprus in EU -IFATCA ex-EVP EUROPE, 2002-2006 nlyrakides@mfa.gov.cy zxnlyr@cytanet.com.cy 218

313. Thursday, 28 April 2011 3rd Session How can training assist in implementing safety regulations? Chair: Erik Merckx, former Deputy Director for Safety, EUROCONTROLSupport:SarantisPoulimenakos-ICAO Expert

314. Vince GalottiDeputy Director Air Navigation Bureau of ICAO The new ICAO Training Policy

315. ICAO CIVIL AVIATION TRAINING POLICY AND PROGRAMMESVince Galotti Deputy Director Air Navigation Bureau, ICAO Nicosia, 28 April 2011

316. Outline Current situation ICAO Civil Aviation Training Policy ICAO Training Programmes TRAINAIR PLUS Endorsement Programme 223

317. Current situation 224

318. Current situation States need assistance to identify where to go for training Training plans not established Tasks and functions not clearly identified and established Training provided does not necessarily relate to the skills development Abuse of ICAO logo and name 225

319. Current situation ICAO solution ICAO Civil Aviation Training Policy ICAO Training Programmes 226

320. ICAO Civil Aviation Training Policy Published to all States Electronic Bulletin: EB 40/2010 Defines ICAO role in the provision of aviation safety training Addresses both safety and security related training Requires formal endorsement TRAINRO/2 227

321. ICAO Civil Aviation Training Policy Scope: applicable to all training provided by ICAO Bureaus, Regional Offices and training organizations issuing a certificate of completion or a certificate of achievement with an ICAO logo. TRAINRO/2 228

322. ICAO Training Programmes ICAO role: Establish a global quality training system ensuring that training prepared and provided are competency based and comply with ICAO provisions ICAO is not looking to compete with training providers It is recognized that some training can only be developed and conducted by ICAO (Ex: roll-out plans) TRAINRO/2 229

323. ICAO Training Programmes 3 main programmes: TRAINAIR PLUS Endorsement of training courses and programmes Assistance to States and industry by developing specific safety-related courses TRAINRO/2 230

324. 231 TRAINAIR PLUS Support NGAP initiatives Requires a prior assessment of the training centre Allow sharing of training materials between members Require training materials to be developed with the same standard: All Standards Training Packages (STPS) are competency-based

325. 232 TRAINAIR PLUS EB 45/2010 Redefine the programme: Self-sustained Categories of members Revised assessment methodology Revised requirements for members (development of STPs, fees, exchange of STPs)

326. 233 TRAINAIR PLUS

327. 234 TRAINAIR PLUS With respect to training associated to the TRAINAIR PLUS Programme, ICAO launched a comprehensive training programme addressing the main posts: Course Developers (the 1st course started on 25 April in Incheon, Republic of Korea, we have an other one in May in cooperation with JAA TO, and others later this year). Instructors; and Training Managers.

328. Endorsement Programme Procedures being finalized by ICAO; ICAO will endorse at request of training organizations: Courses developed by ICAO and conducted by training organizations; Courses developed by training organizations. Not exclusively for The TRAINAIR PLUSMembers or Associate

329. ICAO Training courses In order to assist States in areas not addressed by training institutions ICAO is also developing and conducting some limited training courses: Dangerous Goods and use of Technical Instructions; SMS and SSP; USOAP audit courses for prospective auditors, subject mater experts, States employees (e-Learning); Courses related to roll-out plans; Seminar/workshops.

330. Thank you

332. Mike HoldomCEO Olympic Air Training needs of an Airline

333. How can training assist in implementing safety regulations? Captain Mike HoltomFRAeS Olympic Air Flight Safety Foundation Conference April 2011 240

334. 241

335. 242

336. 243

337. 244 Code-shares

338. 245 Domestic Network Skiathos ● ● Ikaria ●Leros Naxos ● ● Paros ●Kalymnos ●Astypalea Kithira ● Kastelorizo >> ● Karpathos Kasos● ●Sitia

340. Scale

341. Availability of crew

342. Diversity of destinations

343. Historical obstacles

345. 248 Operational Challenges – Winter 2010

346. 249 Operational Challenges D0101/11 NOTAMR D0047/11 Q) LGGG/QFWAS/IV/M /A /000/999/3657N02656E005 A) LGKY B) 1103311425 C) 1104302359 E) LGKY:ANEMOMETER RWY10 OUT OF SERVICE. CREATED: 31 Mar 2011 14:26:00 SOURCE: LGGGYNYX 800 feet

348. 1.77° downhill slopeD0084/11 NOTAMR D0083/11 Q) LGGG/QFMLT/IV/BO /A /000/999/3700N02507E005 LGPA B) 1103251530 C) 1104252359 E) ANEMOMETER RWY 17 OUT OF SERVICE. CREATED: 24 Mar 2011 07:06:00 SOURCE: LGGGYNYX

350. Relevant at 5 points climbing up the valley

351. Performance ignores downdrafts

352. Regulations allow LPC/OPC on the aircraft – but no engine cut.

353. Solution: a simulator is now used.

354. No-one is adequately trained to clear obstacles by 35 feet.

358. No pilot union

359. Breadth of management experience

361. Risk Assessment of all Cat C airfields (mostly DHC-8-100 operations)

362. FDM for all a/c including those below 27,000 kg

363. FDM rigorously applied – feedback to training

364. IOSA 2 months after starting operations

365. LOSA commenced 6 months after starting operations

366. External CRMI training course

367. 2 standby a/c for increased dispatch reliability

368. FlyBe contract (4 a/c for 14 mths) plus ongoing contracted pilots

369. Accessible Accountable Manager

370. Full-time safety office presence

371. Sound Operating Philosophy

372. Hard-line risk assessments and investigations

373. Good prioritisation (resources appropriate to risk)

374. Kenyon International full service (Platinum) 255 Proactive Measures

375. 256 Proactive Measures – Rigorous FDM Every monthly report requires responses from chief pilots and training post-holder: What actions are being taken to reduce the rates further? Responses are scrutinised by the Accountable Manager.

376. 257 SMS Safety Training 9.2.1 An Operator-Organization shall, as part of its safety promotion activities, develop and maintain a safety training programme that ensures that personnel are trained and competent to perform the SMS duties. 9.2.2 The scope of the safety training shall be appropriate to the individual’s involvement in the SMS. 9.2.3 The Accountable Executive shall receive safety awareness training regarding: 9.2.3.1 Safety policy and objectives; 9.2.3.2 SMS roles and responsibilities; 9.2.3.3 SMS standards; and 9.2.3.4 Safety assurance.

377. 258 Training Needs Analysis For illustrative purposes only

378. 259 Training Needs Analysis For illustrative purposes only

379. 260 Training Needs Analysis For illustrative purposes only

380. 261 Conclusions It is unwise to assume that managers (in all aspects of aviation) have the required management and organisation skills to implement safety regulations. The skill-set should be defined and a level of competency should be trained and checked periodically, in the same way that pilots have to demonstrate their skills. Only the Accountable Manager and Post-holders have to be acceptable to the national CAA, and that is through a subjective assessment. The more senior the position and the greater the power and influence, the more important the requirement for training and control.

381. 262 How can training assist in implementing safety regulations? In-house training is preferable (whether private enterprise, national, international) to keep it focused on relevant issues, e.g. assessments of actual risks. Training and competency checks for management skills (again, whether private enterprise, national, international) , i.e. for organisational management skills as well as safety management. Gradual evolution from the top down, that embraces appropriate industry expertise, rather than quick-fix or commercially-driven approaches. 262

382. Training Needs of an Airline Thank you Captain Mike HoltomFRAeS Olympic Air 263

384. J. Jonker Director of the JAA Training Organisation How JAA TO is supporting safety initiatives

403. Robin PurseyAirbus Evidence Based Training

404. Evidence Based Training FSF Nicosia April 2011 Flight Safety Foundation April 2011 Presented by Name Captain Robin Pursey JobTitle Chief Pilot Airbus Corporate Jets

405. DC 3

406. Caravelle

407. Lineage 1000

408. Boeing 737

409. Airbus A 319 CJ

410. What do these aircraft have in common? Only the pilot training program Are we really training pilots to fly modern aircraft?

413. Training programmes are consequently saturated with items that may not necessarily mitigate the real risks or enhance safety in modern air transport operations.

415. Pressurisation

416. Pitot-static

417. Fuel

418. Electrical

419. Hydrualic

420. Flight controls

421. Anti ice

422. Autopilot/flight director

423. Stall warning system

424. GPWS

426. 26/09/08 EASA Briefing - Training For Safety 296 Relative Importance of contributing factors in fatal accidents(Source: Civil Aviation Safety Data, 1989-2003)

428. Developed by industry stakeholdersunder the umbrella of IATA.

429. Three main elements:

430. Pilot Selection

431. Evidence Based Training

436. LOSA: Line Operation Safety Audit 4% of all approaches were unstable 97% of unstable approaches are continued to landing 10% result in abnormal landings Only 3% of unstable approaches lead to a Go-Around When a GA occurs – it is almost always poorly performed Usually a surprise to the crew Very rarely occurs at (the briefed) missed approach height. ITQI slide301

438. Unstable 8.0% (80,000)

439. Stable 6.2% (62,000)

441. AQP data: An AQP data study shows that almost twice as many pilot failed to reach the company standard in missed approach maneuver as opposed to the V1 cut. ITQI slide 304

442. Example II: Flight Deck Automation 305 EBT

443. Automation Automation – probably the most important change in the cockpit in the last 30 years. Improvement E.g. Recent study by a large airline showed better performance when using automation for maneuvers such as go-around’s, single-engine flight and NPAs ITQI slide306

444. Automation challenges LOSA 28% of flights have an Automation error Little to no dialogue between the pilots during most of the errors  Monitoring/Cross-Checking There are often misunderstandings of autopilot modes. Automation skills erode faster than manual handling skills Flight Crews are becoming more reluctant to revert to manual flying when automation is inappropriate or fails [IATA Accident study, 2009] ITQI slide307

445. 26/09/08 EASA Briefing - Training For Safety 308 Conclusions Risk of doing nothing Complacency with reliable technology Devalued and ineffective training programmes No impact on Accident rates Benefits of Evidence Based Training Evidence based programmes adapted by fleet and operation Greater focus on normal operations Greater emphasis on human performance Encourage “out of the box” thinking with developed methodologies to manage risk

446. Conclusions This type of analytical approach will allow non technical skills to be trained in a more appropriate environment, not necessarily the Level D FFS.

447. 310 Gaining the Evidence – Intuitive Risk Analysis

448. Conclusions Contacts Captain Michael Varney Project Leader - Evidence Based TrainingIATA Training and Qualification Initiative mvarneyebt@gmail.com Phil Barriball from FSI represents business aircraft operators in Europe Phil.Barriball@FlightSafety.com Intuitive Risk Analysis Captain Christian Norden christian.norden@airbus.com

449. Thank you Questions

451. Training in the field of Air Navigation Services A. Skoniezki Head of EUROCONTROL Institute of Air Navigation Services

452. EUROCONTROLTraining in the field of Air Navigation ServicesSafety Conference 27 – 28 April 2011Nicosia, Cyprus Alexander Skoniezki Head of Institute of Air Navigation Services & Training Division, EUROCONTROL Directorate Network Management

453. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 316 How can training assist in implementing safety regulations in European ATM? Presentation items Institute’s Mission Safety Management Training Safety Regulatory Training Future Safety Training Summary

454. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 317 Institute Mission To provide education, transfer of knowledge, awareness and communication to ATS Organisations and ATM Regulators in Member States of EUROCONTROL based on expressed stakeholder needs. To support the implementation of the Single European Sky, SESAR and ATM Regulation as required. To work in partnership with stakeholders to improve ATM Training in Europe. The Institute is an integral part of the Agency’s Directorate Network Management (DNM) as its Training Division and a recognised Centre of Excellence for the development, delivery and improvement of ATM Training expertise in Europe.

455. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 318 DNM Training Division at IANS in Luxemburg is an important element to keep Pan-European ATM Network operations safe, efficient and highly competent For ANSPs and FABs ensure knowledge and competence to meet ATM performance targets through common training products For Regulators and States ensure knowledge and competence to regulate and oversee ATM through common training products

456. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 319 ATM TrainingWork Programme 2011 Network Operations Training Programme Flight Efficiency Training Programme CNS and ATC Deployment Coordination Training support Safety Management Training Programme Regulatory Training Programme

457. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 320 Safety Management Training Portfolio Awareness courses E-Learning - Introduction to Safety Management Systems Describes the principles of Safety Management Safety Management System in ATM Practical implementation of an SMS to improve awareness of safety roles and responsibilities Safety Assessment Methodology Principal stages undertaken during a system safety assessment and the connection with a SMS Average duration of each course: 4.5 days.

458. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 321 Safety Management Training Portfolio Specialist Courses Human Factors for Safety Actors Fundamentals of HF - designed for a wide audience ATM Occurrence Investigation Gathering of facts, analysis, conclusions and recommendations Investigation Tools TOKAI - Tool kit to support the complete investigation process Safety Survey The role of surveys: survey model, process, methods and techniques Safety Assessment for Practitioners Practical exercises to understand how to demonstrate the safety of changes and services complemented by a Software Safety and Safety Case Course. Average duration of each course: 4.5 days.

459. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 322 SMS E-LEARNING Intro-Module Safety Assessment (Level 1) SMS Human Factors Survey Safety Assessment (Level 2) AOI Tools Safety Case Software Safety Management Training 2011 Awareness Courses Specialist Courses

460. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 323 Course Delivery Format COACHING ON-SITE CLASSROOM / REGIONAL Tailor-made Courses On-Request Courses Public Courses

461. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 324 Safety Management Training - Statistics Safety Management Training delivered by the Institute since 1998 Safety Management Training portfolio responds to user needs expressed by EUROCONTROL Safety Team complementary to the Safety Programmes (ESP and ESP+) and in support to safety regulatory requirements for ANSPs. Currently about 45 Safety Management courses delivered per year More than 700 requests for safety management course participation per year Safety Training currently represents about 35% of the entire Institute training portfolio

462. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 325 Safety Regulatory Training - NSA Training Initiative Directed to the National Supervisory Authorities / Competent Authorities In support to Safety Regulation (SRC, EASA) Specialist training package to support the Member states’ requirement to “ensure specific training for those involved in safety oversight activities within their structure”(Article 11b Commission Regulation (EC) 1315/2007).

463. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 326 NSA Training Initiative Core NSA Tasks (mandatory) Introduction to Single European Sky The Role of the NSA Audit Techniques And Practice Specialist Function Courses (mandatory 3 out of 4 modules) Oversight of Occurrence Reporting and Investigation Arrangements Oversight of Safety Management Arrangements Oversight of Competence Arrangements for ATM Staff Oversight of Safety-related Changes to ATM Systems Time to complete 6 modules with work commitments – approx 2.5 years

465. Modular courses

466. Examined

467. Endorsed by the Safety Regulation Commission

468. In support of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1315/2007Role of the NSA NSA Audit Techniques And Practice NSA Oversight ofOccurrence Reporting andInvestigation Arrangements NSA Oversight ofCompetence Arrangementsfor ATM Staff NSA Oversight ofSafety ManagementArrangements NSA Oversight ofSafety-related Changesto an ATM System Average duration of each course module: 4.5 days

469. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 328 NSA Training Initiative - Statistics NSA Training Initiative launched in January 2009 Currently more than 500 requests for NSA course participation per year… ... of which 150+ participants enrolled for the complete NSA TI 6 course module programme So far 11 participants graduated (certificate of achievement received)- this number will now increase rapidly

470. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 329 Future Safety Training Courses (2012+) Safety Management Investigation Techniques and Tools (EC Regulation 996/2010) Just Culture (new) Safety Performance Indicators (new) Safety Regulation Interoperability (EC Regulation 552/2004) (new) Safety Performance Monitoring (new)

471. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 330 Summary About 35% of the Institute’s Training activities focus on ATM Safety (SMS and Safety Regulation) Ca. 1100+ participants apply for safety training courses per year Training audience: ANSP staff and Regulators (NSAs) Institute sets Training standards for safety related tasks in ATM: Common Core Content Training exists for ATCOs and ATSEPs Common Core Content Training for Regulatory Oversight (NEW?)

472. Safety Conference Nicosia , 27-28 April 2011 331 More Information on Safety Training at the Institute EUROCONTROL Website: http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/training-institute-ians Or at: Course Reservation Office EUROCONTROL Institute of Air Navigation Services 12, rue Antoine de Saint-Exupery L-1432 Luxembourg LUXEMBOURG ians.reservation@eurocontrol.int Tel. +352 43.60.61.205