1. Female Infanticide, Female Feoticide

2. The Girl Child what do you know?
 Does modern Indian culture teach us to
desire only a son and kill the daughters?
 Why and how has this trend of decline in the
number of daughters occurred?
 Has the attitude towards daughters altered?
 Is anyone familiar with the following words:
female infanticide, female genital cutting, honor
killing?

3. The Girl Child forms of discrimination
 Female Infanticide: The murder of a female infant. It
occurs often as a deliberate murder or abandonment of
a young girl or infant.
 Selective Abortion: Also called gender-selective
abortion, sex-selective abortion, or female feticide-
selective abortion. It involves the abortion of a fetus
because it is a girl. Many women from communities or
cultures with a preference for boys practice selective
abortion.

4. The Girl Child forms of discrimination
 Female Genital Cutting (FGC): The practice that involves
the removal or the alteration of the female genitalia. It is a
centuries-old practice found in many countries among
people from various religions and beliefs, most prevalent
in Africa.
 Honor Killing: The practice of killing girls and women
who are perceived to have dishonored a family’s
reputation by allegedly engaging in sexual activity or other
improprieties before or outside of marriage. ‘Improper’
behavior justifies grounds for killing. It has expanded to
include transgressions, which are not initiated by the girl,
including rape and incest.

5. The Girl Child female infanticide
 What: The deliberate killing of a girl child.
 Who: Girl children who are born in societies
where poverty, overpopulation, and
male biases are prevalent.
 Where: In regions where poverty and
overpopulation are prevalent. It
predominantly occurs in societies
where girl children are not viewed as
economically advantageous.
 Why: Lineage, Income, Dowry, Protection,
Government

6.  The phenomenon of female infanticide is as old as many cultures, and has likely
accounted for millions of gender-selective deaths throughout history.
 It remains a critical concern in a number of "Third World" countries today,
notably the two most populous countries on earth, like India.
 In rural areas where a lot of people do not have access to sex determination
facilities, female infanticide is shockingly common.
 The parents wait until the mother gives birth, and when they find out that a
daughter is born, they go ahead and kill the baby
 Kill by adopting various means such as strangling the baby, giving her poison,
dumping her in a garbage bin, drowning her, burying her alive, starving her,
stuffing her mouth with salt, or leaving her outdoors overnight so she dies of
exposure.

7.  Female feticide is Aborting a female fetus after sex
determination test.
Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques includes:-
Ultra-sonography,
 Foetoscopy,
Amniocentesis and Taking samples of amniotic fluid,
embryo, blood or any tissue or fluid of pregnant women
after conception,

8. The determination of the sex of the foetus by ultrasound scanning,
amniocentesis, and in vitro fertilization has aggravated this situation.
No moral or ethical principle supports such a procedure for gender
identification. The situation is further worsened by a lack of awareness of
women’s rights and by the indifferent attitude of governments and medical
professionals.
The killing of women exists in various forms in societies the world over.
However, Indian society displays some unique and particularly brutal versions,
such as dowry deaths and sati.
Female foeticide is an extreme manifestation of violence against women.
Female foetuses are selectively aborted after pre-natal sex determination, thus
avoiding the birth of girls.
 As a result of selective abortion, between 35 and 40 million girls and women
are missing from the Indian population. In some parts of the country, the sex ratio
of girls to boys has dropped to less than 800:1,000.

9. Causes of Missing Daughter’s
Pre - Natal Childhood
• Female Foeticide * Child marriage,
• Physical, sexual, * Child prostitution,
Emotional abuse. * Physical, sexual, emotional
abuse by parents, relatives,
* Marginal access to schools,
education, food & many other
things.

10. Causes of Missing Daughter’s
Adolescence During Adult age
• Rapes, * Dowry,
• Sexually harassment, * Family violence & abuse,
• Murders, * Murders & rapes,
• Trafficking & Prostitution. * Emotional, physical abuse.

11. The Girl Child facts and statistics
 Currently, 50 million girls are reported as “missing” as a result
of infanticide, sex selective abortions, and neglect.
 At least 130 million girls alive today have undergone Female
Genital Mutilation, and 2 million more are at risk every year.
 It is reported that at least 5,000 women and girls are
murdered each year for “honor’s sake” by members of their
own families.
 United Nation statistics, national reports and studies initiated
by non-governmental organizations repeatedly show that girls,
as a group, have lower literacy rates, receive less health care,
and more impoverished than boys.
Source: Youth Advocate Program International: www.yapi.org
Source: Youth Advocate Program International: www.yapi.org
Source: United Nations Children’s Fund: www.unicef.org
Source: Amnesty International: www.amnesty.org

12. The world population has
a sex ratio of 990 females
per 1000 males
Sex ratio:
Japan 1041
USA 1029
Indonesia 1004
Bangladesh 953
China 944
India 933
India has one of the
lowest sex ratios in the
world

13. Source: Census of India, 2001.

14. RURAL VS URBAN
CHILD SEX ratio

17. Decreasing number of females in the society likely to increase sex related crimes
against women.
Lead to increase in social problems like rape, abduction, bride selling, forced
polyandry, etc.
There will be increase of prostitution, sexual exploitation and increase in cases
of STD and HIV/AIDS
Growth in crime against women and cause various physical, physiological and
psychological disorders in women
Health of women is affected as she is forced to go for repeated pregnancies and
abortions.

18. The Girl Child discussion
 Do you think that equal education of girls and boys
would provide more equal rights and less
discrimination against girls?
 Who should be in charge of making changes
regarding the issues we have discussed today?
 Why do you think people continue to commit these
acts, even though there are laws against them in
some places?
 What do you think you can do to help?

19. The Girl Child what can you do?
 Educate yourself about the rights of the Girl Child.
 Contact local, state, and national politicians.
• Write letters asking for their opinion on the rights of the
Girl Child.
 Talk with parents about the Gender Discrimination.
• Educate the adults in your life!
 Advocate for awareness of the Gender Eqaulity.
• Begin a social awareness/ human rights club.

20. The Girl Child
•
Steps for prevention
The Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques(Prohibition of
Sex Selection) Act, 1994.
• In order to check female foeticide, the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques
(Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 was enacted and
came into operation from 1st January, 1996 (referred to as the PNDT
Act). However, during the course of implementation of the said Act,
certain inadequacies and practical difficulties in the administration of
the Act came to the notice of the government.
• The amended Act came into force with effect from 14th February, 2003.
The Act is now read as: The Pre-conception and Prenatal Diagnostic
Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994. The main purpose
has been to ban the use of sex-selection techniques before or after
conception as well as the misuse of pre-natal diagnostic techniques for
sex-selective abortions and to regulate such techniques.

21. “Vision without action is dream, action without vision is time-pass
and vision and action makes radical change i.e. revolution.”
Nelson Mandela

22. Thanks
Special Thanks to : Mr.Ramesh Jhare
Anticipating for Relevant Questions