Analysis of bottled water line operators

1. Luisa Paula
Valente

2. • Well water: Any
underground water
• Artesian well water:
Underground water under
pressure because of a
confining layer of rock or
clay
• Spring water: Underground
water that flows naturally to
the surface
• Mineral water:
Underground water with
high mineral content.
Minerals may not be added

3. • Turbidity
• Color
• Odor
• Taste
Organoleptic: you detect it with your senses

4. Color Odor
Mineral water may not
have any smell
Otherwise, it is
contaminated except
for specific cases (e.g.
mineral waters with
sulphur)
There are “electronic
noses” apart from
odour panels (people
checking odours)
Turbidity

5. Taste
The bottled water shouldn’t have theoretically any taste but in special
cases depending on mineralization and temperature
Sensors - Language Electronics
Sensors set without difficulty basic standards of sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes at
concentrations below the human detection limit

6. • pH
• Conductivity
• Carbonates
• Sulfates
• Hardness
• Suspended Solids

7. pH
Introduce a piece of paper in the
solution, compare the colour with the
standard colours, trying to find a
conclusion
Like for conductivity there are specific
electrodes, which are mostly used
Conductivity
Introduce the electrode in the
solution, wait for the value to stabilize
Universal indicator paper
Conductivity meter

8. [HCl] = 0,0245M
Carbonates
150 mL (Sample)
TA (indicator : phenolphthalein) , pH = 8,3
Pink  Colorless
TA =
𝐶 ×[𝐻𝐶𝑙] ×50 000
𝑉(150 𝑚𝐿)
(mg CaCO3/L)
C – volume required in the titration
HCl

9. [HCl] = 0,0245M
Carbonates (continuing titration)
150 mL (Sample)
TAC (indicator: methyl orange), pH = 4,4
Orange  Red
TAC =
(𝐶+𝐷) ×[𝐻𝐶𝑙] ×50 000
𝑉(150 𝑚𝐿)
(mg
CaCO3/L)
D – volume required in the the titration
HCl

10. Sulphates - surge in groundwater by dissolving soil and rock
5 min pause
100 mL (Sample)
+
Buffer [CH3COOH/NaCH3COO]
=1,6 M (pH=4,7)
+
small portion of BaCl2
read at
= 420 nm
y = 3.5258x - 16.119
R² = 0.9946
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30 40
Turbidimetro(NTU)
conc (ppm)
y = 0.0133x - 0.0585
R² = 0.9986
y = 0.0133x - 0.0585
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0 10 20 30 40
Absorvância(nm) conc (ppm)

11. [EDTA] = 0,013M
Hardness - associated with the presence of metal cations, in particular Ca2+ and Mg2+
50 mL of sample
Indicator: ETB
Blue  Pink
Hardness =
𝐸×100[𝐸𝐷𝑇𝐴] ×1 000
𝑉(50 𝑚𝐿)
(mg CaCO3/L)
E – volume required in the titration

12.  Total Suspended Solids
1. Weight the filter paper (dried in an oven and placed and
desiccator until constant weight, B);
2. Measure a sample volume (150 mL) and put it over the
filter;
2. Proceed to the suction of the sample;
3. Place in the oven at 103 - 105°C;
4. Allow to cool in desiccator to constant weight, A.
mg TSS/L =
(𝐴−𝐵)×1 000
𝑉(50 𝑚𝐿)

13. Determined by flame atomic absorption or ionic chromatography

14. • Anions
F- fluoride
Cl- chloride
HCO3
- hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate
SO4
2- sulfate
NO2
- nitrite
NO3
– nitrate
hydrosulfide ion HS− and hydrogen sulphide (in sulphurous water)

15. • Cations
Li+ lithium
Na+ sodium
K+ potassium
Mg2+ magnesium
Ca2+ calcium
Fe2+ and Fe3+ iron
NH4
+ ammonium

16. 1- Which are the organoleptic parameters that are used to analyse
water?
A. Total Suspended Solids
B. Turbidity, color, odor and pH
C. Turbidity, color, odor and taste
D. Conductivity and Alkalinity
2- Which are the global parameteres that are used to analyse
water?
A. Turbidity, color, odor and pH
B. pH, alkalinity, conductivity, hardness and total suspended solids
C. Hardness
D. Turbidity, color, odor and taste