1. NORTH WEST UNIVERSITY
MAFIKENG CAMPUS
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
MODULE TITLE: COMMUNITY NURSING SCIENCE
MODULE CODE: NCHM322
FACILATATOR: MS T E MASENG
STUDENT NAME : GAOLAPE MPOLOKA
STUDENT NUMBER :21467560
ASSSIGMENT :1

2. 1. Define the following project management
2. Identify the characteristics of project management
3. Desribe the disadvantages of using project as a means of community development
• Complexity of the project. The more complex a plan the more likely it is that something may go
wrong
• The planning horizon, or the time frame, the further ahead a project is planned the more likely
are chances that problems may occur, it becomes more difficult to forecast without expecting
problems the further the plans in the future.
• The number of individual and organisations involved, the more the people, departments, units
or organisation involved, the greater the chances that failures may occur, because not all people
are self motivated neither do they have all have the knowledge to do what should be done. If
many people and departments are involved, good organization, co-ordination and strict control
over a project become necessary and this can lead to conflicts and tension between the
community members
• Sensitivity to uncontrollable factors, it does not matter how project is well planned, there will
always be factors which are beyond the members control, a sudden climate, economic or
political change can have a negative impact on the project
4. Identify the community development principles likely to be violated when project management is
used and motivate your answer
• Principle of human orientation
 While people are striving to fulfil their concrete needs ,their abstract needs human
needs also need to be satisfied, concrete needs and abstract needs cannot be seperated
and if they are not taken together the abstract needs will remain unfulfilled. Using
project management can bypass human dignity .and dignity is is enhanced by giving
people recognition and recognising thtat they can make their own informed decisions
and responsibility for their decisions that they have made and this can enhance their
self reliance and self sufficient
• Principle of learning
• Principle of owernership
• Principle of participation

3. • Principle of empowerment
• Principle of adapativeness
• Principle of release
• Principle of simplicity
5. Discuss the characteristics of project planning that make it (project planning) an opportunity to
learn
6. Describe the benefits of involving the communities in community development initiatives
• A healthy community is established in which people feel free and able to be who they are,
having positive prospects for their future and experiencing respect and equal fair treatment
• Enables everyone to participate in decisions that affect their lives
• Projects become relevant instruments of development and local knowledge culture sensitivity
skills and resources are identified and used and thereby set objectives are met
• Help people to learn how to plan, implement and evaluate and have authority of setting their
own agendas, seek the needed resources do as much work as they can and take responsibilities
and credit for their success of their projects or the consequences should they fail and prepares
the community to participate at higher levels above community level
• Help the community members to be self reliance and help break dependence mentality and
promotes self awareness and fully self supporting and reduces dependence on charity welfare
• People regain their confidence as people get an opportunity to examine their problems and
think positively about their solution as they are the ones that know the needs most
• Increases peoples sense of control over issues which affect their lives
• Brings even rural people within the direct influence of development activities and increases a
number of people who potentially can benefit from development
• Participation of people is an antidote for sustainability as external motivated development
projects frequently fail to sustain themselves once the initial level project of support and inputs
are diminished or withdrawn
• Conducive community is established in which people can create wealth and gives everyone a
chance to its benefits and cares for all its members when they need it throughout their lifespan
• Enables people to express and celebrate their creativity and diverse cultures and provides an
environment that is safe and attractive