zoo2

1. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
Chapter 1
By Geonyzl L. Alviola

2. Comparative Vertebrate Morphology
 Deals with anatomy and its significance
 We use “COMPARISON” as a tool.
 Emphasize the functional and evolutionary
themes.
 For example:
two types of tail shapes among fishes

4. As we compare.......
What we notice? …..D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
After observing the D __________
Whats next....?
We asked WHY?

5. Lets explain the situation....

6.  Comparison of parts highlights these
differences and help us to pose a question.
 Functional analysis helps answer our
question and give us better understanding
of animal design.
 Why does an elephant had a cylindrical
limbs?

8. Comparative analysis
 Could be used in historical or nonhistorical context
 Historical – we refer to evolutionary event.
 Nonhistorical – refers to the outside look and
usually extrapolative (process of estimating)
used in testable predictions.

9. Historical Predecessors

10. Anaximander
 Developed ideas
about the course of
change from fishlike
and scaly animals to
land forms.

11. Empedocles
 He made argument
that creatures who
came together in
practicalways to
survive

12. Acient Egyptians
 They had the basic
knowledge on
internal anatomies of
humans, cats and
other animals
because they
mummified these
animals.

13. Aristotle
 Describe and
classified bout 540
animals

14. Galen
 Assembled
anatomical writings
based on dissection
of Apes.

15. Leonardo Da Vinci
 Drawn perfect figures
of man in his arts.

16. Andreas Vesalius
 Published De Humani
Corporis Fabrica
 Corrected the work
of Galen

17. Pierre Belon
 Published the
illustration of a
human and bird
skeleton showing
 The basic archetype
of an animal is in the
mind of the Creator

18. William Harvey
 He specialized the
circulatory system
 Dissected the
animals and
advocated the study
of comparative
anatomy

19. Nehemiah Grew
 Plant physiologist and
he first used the
term “comparative
anatomy”

20. Cael von Linne
 Binomial system of
naming
 Published the
Systema Naturae
 Believed that
organism do not
change

21. Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton
 Compared the
anatomies of animals

22. Louis Agassiz
 He studied fossil of
fishes and first to
recognize evidene of
worldwide ice ages.
 Published Natural
Theology
 Evidence of the
Existence and Attributes
of the Deity Collected
from the Appreance of
Nature

23. Jean-Baptiste De Lamarck
 Published the
Philosophie
Zoologique
 Discussed the 3
issues of evolution
fact
course
mechanism

24.  FACT – species change through time
COURSE – progressive changes in species
along an ascending scale, from the lowest to
the simplest to the most complex
 MECHANISM – need itself produces heritable
evolutionary changes- when environment or
behavior changed, an animal developed new
needs to meet the demands of the
environment.

25. George Frederic Dagobert Cuvier
 Have the same belief
with Linne
 That animals do not
change.
 The efficient design fo
each animal is
evidence that it could
not have changed
since creation.

26.  Published
- Historie Naturelle des
Poisons (natural
history of fishes)
 The founder of
comparative anatomy

27. Alfred Russel Wallace
 Survival to the fittest
 He observe that the
human population
increases faster than
food to correspond
with Darwin.

28. Charles Darwin
 Natural Selection
 Books:
- On the Origin of
Species
- The Descent of Man

29. Richard Owen
 Published the 3rd
edition of
comparative anatomy

30. Thomas Huxley
 Darwin' bulldog
 One of the people who
oppose Darwin's theory

31. Karl Ernst Von Baer
 Paper on the Origin of
the Mammalian Egg
and Man
 On The Development
of Animals
 Research into the
Development of
fishes

32. Karl Heinrich Heackel
 Contribute the knowledge
of the three germ layers
 Biogenetic Law
that ontogeny recapitulates
phylogeny—i.e., the
development of the animal
embryo and young traces
the evolutionary
development of the
species.