Why do we contribute (to open source)?

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Why do individuals contribute to open source? For some, it's their day job but both principles from psychology and direct research paint a more complex story.

Tecnología

1
Why do we
contribute?
Gordon Haff
Emerging Technology
Evangelist
@ghaff
https://bitmason.blogspot.co
m
@Opensourceway

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
2
Motivations

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
3
Three types of motivation
● Extrinsic
● Intrinsic
● Internalized extrinsic

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
4
Extrinsic

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
5
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:M
oney-1428594_1920.jpg

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
6
● Grew out of drive
reduction theory (Hull
and Spence in 40s and
50s)
● Money
● Career advantages
By publishing software that
was free for all to inspect,
[individual developers] could
signal their talent to
potential employers and
increase their value in the
labor market.
Lerner & Tirole, 2002

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
7
Intrinsic

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
8
● Evolved from self-determination
theory (Deci and Ryan in 70s)
● Fun
● Altruism
● “Kinship amity” (informal gift
economy within group)
CC-By-SA 2.0
https://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/lennartt/7624475918/

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
9
● Most studies have qualiﬁed the importance of
altruism (and it’s far more important for
students/hobby programmers)
● Other work found altruism mostly a motivator among
otherwise satisﬁed developers
● Fun can be motivator (for tasks that developers
enjoy)
Open source research a mixed bag

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
10
Internalized
Extrinsic

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
11
● Peer recognition
● Learning (but meaning can be unclear)
● “Scratch your own itch”
External motivations without the
explicit carrot/stick

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
12
● Don’t expect non-extrinsic motivators to carry too
much of the load
● Ampily non-extrinsic motivators: learning, peer
reputation, recognition
● Motivators can be counter-productive when
over-rotated
Key takeaways

@ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway
#ATO2019
13
Carrots and Rainbows: Motivation and Social Practice in
Open Source Software Development. Krogh, Haeﬂiger,
Spaeth, and Wallin of ETH Zurich. 2012. Survey of 10 prior
years into open source contribution.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7712/3726f65f8fd88126357c12cad230cc832f41.pdf
Further reading

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In the thrilling conclusion to 2023, ransomware groups had a banner year, really outdoing themselves in the "make everyone's life miserable" department. LockBit 3.0 took gold in the hacking olympics, followed by the plucky upstarts Clop and ALPHV/BlackCat. Apparently, 48% of organizations were feeling left out and decided to get in on the cyber attack action. Business services won the "most likely to get digitally mugged" award, with education and retail nipping at their heels. Hackers expanded their repertoire beyond boring old encryption to the much more exciting world of extortion. The US, UK and Canada took top honors in the "countries most likely to pay up" category. Bitcoins were the currency of choice for discerning hackers, because who doesn't love untraceable money?

Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf

Overkill Security

MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors

Nanddeep Nachan

Exploring Multimodal Embeddings with Milvus

Zilliz

Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/why-teams-call-analytics-is-critical-to-your-entire-business Nothing is as frustrating and noticeable as being in an important call and being unable to see or hear the other person. Not surprising then, that issues with Teams calls are among the most common problems users call their helpdesk for. Having in depth insight into everything relevant going on at the user’s device, local network, ISP and Microsoft itself during the call is crucial for good Microsoft Teams Call quality support. To ensure a quick and adequate solution and to ensure your users get the most out of their Microsoft 365. But did you know that ‘bad calls’ are also an excellent indicator of other problems arising? Precisely because it is so noticeable!? Like the canary in the mine, bad calls can be early indicators of problems. Problems that might otherwise not have been noticed for a while but can have a big impact on productivity and satisfaction. Join this session by Christoph Adler to learn how true Microsoft Teams call quality analytics helped other organizations troubleshoot bad calls and identify and fix problems that impacted Teams calls or the use of Microsoft365 in general. See what it can do to keep your users happy and productive! In this session we will cover - Why CQD data alone is not enough to troubleshoot call problems - The importance of attributing call problems to the right call participant - What call quality analytics can do to help you quickly find, fix-, and prevent problems - Why having retrospective detailed insights matters - Real life examples of how others have used Microsoft Teams call quality monitoring to problem shoot problems with their ISP, network, device health and more.

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business

panagenda

Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024

The Digital Insurer

ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges

rafiqahmad00786416

The Good, the Bad and the Governed - Why is governance a dirty word? David O'Neill, Chief Operating Officer - APIContext Apidays New York 2024: The API Economy in the AI Era (April 30 & May 1, 2024) ------ Check out our conferences at https://www.apidays.global/ Do you want to sponsor or talk at one of our conferences? https://apidays.typeform.com/to/ILJeAaV8 Learn more on APIscene, the global media made by the community for the community: https://www.apiscene.io Explore the API ecosystem with the API Landscape: https://apilandscape.apiscene.io/

Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...

apidays

"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...

Zilliz

presentation ICT roal in 21st century education

jfdjdjcjdnsjd

Three things you will take away from the session: • How to run an effective tenant-to-tenant migration • Best practices for before, during, and after migration • Tips for using migration as a springboard to prepare for Copilot in Microsoft 365 Main ideas: Migration Overview: The presentation covers the current reality of cross-tenant migrations, the triggers, phases, best practices, and benefits of a successful tenant migration Considerations: When considering a migration, it is important to consider the migration scope, performance, customization, flexibility, user-friendly interface, automation, monitoring, support, training, scalability, data integrity, data security, cost, and licensing structure Next Wave: The next wave of change includes the launch of Copilot, which requires businesses to be prepared for upcoming changes related to Copilot and the cloud, and to consolidate data and tighten governance ShareGate: ShareGate can help with pre-migration analysis, configurable migration tool, and automated, end-user driven collaborative governance

Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff

sammart93

💥 You’re lucky! We’ve found two different (lead) developers that are willing to share their valuable lessons learned about using UiPath Document Understanding! Based on recent implementations in appealing use cases at Partou and SPIE. Don’t expect fancy videos or slide decks, but real and practical experiences that will help you with your own implementations. 📕 Topics that will be addressed: • Training the ML-model by humans: do or don't? • Rule-based versus AI extractors • Tips for finding use cases • How to start 👨‍🏫👨‍💻 Speakers: o Dion Morskieft, RPA Product Owner @Partou o Jack Klein-Schiphorst, Automation Developer @Tacstone Technology

DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam

UiPathCommunity

[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf

Sandro Moreira

Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024

The Digital Insurer

The microservices honeymoon is over. When starting a new project or revamping a legacy monolith, teams started looking for alternatives to microservices. The Modular Monolith, or 'Modulith', is an architecture that reaps the benefits of (vertical) functional decoupling without the high costs associated with separate deployments. This talk will delve into the advantages and challenges of this progressive architecture, beginning with exploring the concept of a 'module', its internal structure, public API, and inter-module communication patterns. Supported by spring-modulith, the talk provides practical guidance on addressing the main challenges of a Modultith Architecture: finding and guarding module boundaries, data decoupling, and integration module-testing. You should not miss this talk if you are a software architect or tech lead seeking practical, scalable solutions. About the author With two decades of experience, Victor is a Java Champion working as a trainer for top companies in Europe. Five thousands developers in 120 companies attended his workshops, so he gets to debate every week the challenges that various projects struggle with. In return, Victor summarizes key points from these workshops in conference talks and online meetups for the European Software Crafters, the world’s largest developer community around architecture, refactoring, and testing. Discover how Victor can help you on victorrentea.ro : company training catalog, consultancy and YouTube playlists.

Modular Monolith - a Practical Alternative to Microservices @ Devoxx UK 2024

Victor Rentea

Dubai, often portrayed as a shimmering oasis in the desert, faces its own set of challenges, including the occasional threat of flooding. Despite its reputation for opulence and modernity, the emirate is not immune to the forces of nature. In recent years, Dubai has experienced sporadic but significant floods, testing the resilience of its infrastructure and communities. Among the critical lifelines in this bustling metropolis is the Dubai International Airport, a bustling hub that connects the city to the world. This article explores the intersection of Dubai flood events and the resilience demonstrated by the Dubai International Airport in the face of such challenges.

Navigating the Deluge_ Dubai Floods and the Resilience of Dubai International...

Orbitshub

Keynote 2: APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk Paolo Malinverno, Growth Advisor - The Business of Technology Apidays New York 2024: The API Economy in the AI Era (April 30 & May 1, 2024) ------ Check out our conferences at https://www.apidays.global/ Do you want to sponsor or talk at one of our conferences? https://apidays.typeform.com/to/ILJeAaV8 Learn more on APIscene, the global media made by the community for the community: https://www.apiscene.io Explore the API ecosystem with the API Landscape: https://apilandscape.apiscene.io/

Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...

apidays

FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024

The Digital Insurer

Emergent Methods: Multi-lingual narrative tracking in the news - real-time ex...

Zilliz

Why do we contribute (to open source)?

1. 1 Why do we contribute? Gordon Haff Emerging Technology Evangelist @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.co m @Opensourceway

2. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 2 Motivations

3. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 3 Three types of motivation ● Extrinsic ● Intrinsic ● Internalized extrinsic

4. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 4 Extrinsic

5. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:M oney-1428594_1920.jpg

6. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 6 ● Grew out of drive reduction theory (Hull and Spence in 40s and 50s) ● Money ● Career advantages By publishing software that was free for all to inspect, [individual developers] could signal their talent to potential employers and increase their value in the labor market. Lerner & Tirole, 2002

7. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 7 Intrinsic

8. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 8 ● Evolved from self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan in 70s) ● Fun ● Altruism ● “Kinship amity” (informal gift economy within group) CC-By-SA 2.0 https://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/lennartt/7624475918/

9. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 9 ● Most studies have qualiﬁed the importance of altruism (and it’s far more important for students/hobby programmers) ● Other work found altruism mostly a motivator among otherwise satisﬁed developers ● Fun can be motivator (for tasks that developers enjoy) Open source research a mixed bag

10. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 10 Internalized Extrinsic

11. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 11 ● Peer recognition ● Learning (but meaning can be unclear) ● “Scratch your own itch” External motivations without the explicit carrot/stick

12. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 12 ● Don’t expect non-extrinsic motivators to carry too much of the load ● Ampily non-extrinsic motivators: learning, peer reputation, recognition ● Motivators can be counter-productive when over-rotated Key takeaways

13. @ghaff https://bitmason.blogspot.com @Opensourceway #ATO2019 13 Carrots and Rainbows: Motivation and Social Practice in Open Source Software Development. Krogh, Haeﬂiger, Spaeth, and Wallin of ETH Zurich. 2012. Survey of 10 prior years into open source contribution. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7712/3726f65f8fd88126357c12cad230cc832f41.pdf Further reading

Why do we contribute (to open source)?

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