1. MICROTEACHING
PILOT TESTING
PECEPT, NAHE
Higher Education Commission
(29 January, 2011)
Mrs. Rukhsana Nazir
rukhsanan@yahoo.com
2. Outline
• Lesson planning/Instructional planning
• Teaching skills and competencies
• Communication theory, skills and effective communication
• Knowing the learners and individual differences
• Blooms Taxonomy of Objectives
• Microteaching and micro teaching cycle
4. Teaching Strategy - Definition
• An instructional procedure designed to
relate to the objectives of teaching and
material available
• A rational ordering and balancing in the
light of knowledge and purpose, of the
several elements that enter into the
educative process, the nature of pupil
and the total learning situation.
5. Parameters of Effective Strategy (OPPEI)
1. Objectives – cognitive, psychomotor, affective
2.Planning – lesson / instructional planning
3.Presentation
- Content
- Mode
- Instructional materials
- Interaction, student participation
- Individual differences
4. Evaluation – not of student but of teacher
5.Improvement – in the light of evaluation and
feedback
7. LESSON / INSTRUCTIONAL PLAN
Teacher:_____________________________ Unit title:_____________________________
Subject:____________________ Class:____________________ Time:____________________
Major Concepts Major Mental Processes Major Skills to be developed
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
Behavioral Objectives
1.
2.
3.
Set Induction:
1. How will you start ____________________________________________________
2. Method of
>> Rapport Producing _____________________________________________________
>> Learning readiness______________________________________________________
>> Motivation / interest _____________________________________________________
>> P.K test ______________________________________________________________
Instructional Material/ ICTs
(White board, video, CDs, graphs, charts, online pictures ect.)
1.
2.
3.
8. LESSON / INSTRUCTIONAL PLAN
Presentation / Method of Delivery:
• Question – Answer
• Activities
• Interaction
• Motivation
• Known to unknown
• Easy to difficult
• Exemplification
• References
• Discussion
Recapitalization – repeating the main points of lesson
Evaluation – Activities, Questions (one or two)
Closure – End Message
Assignment – Application, utility, daily life, comprehension, analysis, synthesis, project etc.
Your own comments / Self Assessment
Lesson Learnt ____________________________________________________________
Plus points ______________________________________________________________
Shortcomings ___________________________________________________________
Limitations ______________________________________________________________
To do in next lessons _______________________________________________________
9. Skills which can be mastered
Total 103 teaching skills have been
identified necessary for an effective
teacher.
Out of these 103 skills 20 skills have been
tested by Stanford University which can be
easily mastered through microteaching.
10 out of these 20 we will try to master in
this training course
10. Ten Skills
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
11. Ten Skills…
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
PLANNING
Objectives vs Contents
If you need to teach for 40 minutes you need 40 x 5 = 200
minute for planning.
Gathering the sources
Outline from A-to-Z
Possible bottle necks
Expected questions
Time budget vs content
Method of attack (Methodology, Procedure of teaching)
Achievements of objectives
Evaluation of success through feedback (what will be the
procedure)
12. Ten Skills…
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
SET INDUCTION
How to start
Learning readiness
Motivation
Known to unknown
Easy to difficult
Rapport
Questions
Activities by students / teacher
Incidents, Stories, Events
Experimentation
Localization
13. Ten Skills…
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
Clear concepts
Sequential organization
Examplification
Linkages
Student’s participation
Activities
Knowledge and Understanding
Logical Positivism
14. Ten Skills..
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
Float the question over the heads of
all participants.
Give time to think
Give option for answering (Volunteer)
Correct the answer if wrong
Be polite
15. Ten Skills…
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
Inquiry approach
Controversies
Brainstorming
Probing
Appreciating the questions
16. Ten Skills…
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
Subject oriented
Environment oriented
Problem Solver
Relevance
Valid Examples
17. Ten Skills…
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
Pitch of the voice
Pauses
Speed
Linkages
Reference to context
Level of students
Fatigue and boredom (Avoid)
Non-verbal Communication
Humor
Pronunciation
18. Ten Skills…
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
Lecture
Demonstration
Discovery
Laboratory
Practical
Activities
Computers
Discussion, Quizcussion
Inductive
Deductive
Mastery learning
Peer teaching
Participatory learning
Inquiry approach
Problem solving
Seminar
19. Ten Skills…
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
Level of Students
IQ of students
Talented, Normal, Slow learners, Distributed
students
Knowing individual differences, difficulties etc. and
helping them out
Making the difficult concepts understandable for all
Guidance and counseling in problematic situations
20. Ten Skills…
PLANNING
SET INDUCTION
PRESENTATION
QUESTIONING
ENCOURAGING THE STUDENTS TO QUESTION
EXAMPLIFICATION
COMMUNICATION
METHODOLOGY
JUDGING THE STUDENTS PROBLEMS
END OR SUMMING UP
Summary of two minutes in the form of
message of presentation
Students usually remember it for longer time.
This may be in the form of one or two main
points
Evaluate your teaching by one or two simple
questions of that lesson
Application should be the focal point of end
message
21. Communication Skills
Communication theory, skills and effective communication
Sending
End
Medium
Receiving
End
Sender
(Teacher)
•Simple Language
•Expertise
•Correctness
•Thoughtful
•Authenticity
•Verbal-Non Verbal
•Reliability
Message
(Concept,
Matter)
•Authenticity
•Validity
•Relevance
•Acceptability
•Clear
•Interesting
•Simple Language
•Meaningful
•Latest version
•Attractive
•Latest (ICTs)
•No Medium Preferred
•No Distortion
•No Interruption
•No Bias
•Minimum Distance
•Authenticity
•Reliability
•Judgment
•Receiving Readiness
•Utility
•Usefulness
•Attentiveness
•Interest
•Insight
•Evaluative
22. Knowing the learners, Individual Differences
• Learners is focal point in total teaching
process
• Individual differences have direct correlation
with learning
• Academic and Social Background
• Personality
• Introvert Vs Extrovert
• Pessimistic Vs Optimistic
• Self-motivated Vs Other’s Motivated
• Creative Vs Recipient
• Self Esteem
• Aptitude, Attitude, Interest
• Leisure time Activities
• Track Record
23. Microteaching is a technique for,
“IMPROVEMENT OF SKILLS PREFERABLY BY
SELF PRACTICE AND SELF CRITICISM”.
Remember that it is NOT AT ALL a teaching
method.
rather than
It is a device for skill practice
It has been borrowed from Sports and Medical
Sciences
What is Microteaching
24. What is Microteaching…
Imparted at micro level i.e. one skill at one time
This technique is now extensively used in Australia,
India, Norway, England and USA (Stanford
University)
some other countries now there exist
“microteaching clinics” in the private sector where
sportsmen, surgeons and teachers visit, pay the
fees and practice the skills they feel themselves
deficient
These clinics are gaining more and more popularity
even more than the medical clinics.
25. Microteaching Cycle
The process of microteaching for skill
development is in the form of a cycle
usually known as MICROTEACHING
CYCLE.
This cycle consist of Six steps
26. Microteaching Cycle
Planning
Presentation while
being video-tapped
Viewing by
presenter along
with participants
Re-Planning
Filtration
(Summing up suggested
improvements)
Microteaching
Cycle
Discussing
First presenter then
others.
First plus points then
minus
27. Microteaching Cycle…
Planning
First Step: Planning of presentation/skill/teaching/unit.
Planning should be of only 7 to 10 minutes presentation.
It may revolve around a single concepts to be taught
It should achieve the objectives stated or latent.
Planning should be well thought sequentially in written
form.
It should concentrate upon methodology rather than
contents.
29. Microteaching Cycle
Second Step: Presentation while being video tapped.
Following points may be kept in mind:
Do not be camera conscious.
Your students are dummies, they are your participants,
and colleagues but consider them the students. They will
also be advised to behave like students.
Emphasize the following skills:
•Introducing the topic
•Your communication
•Your liveliness in class
•Class participation
•Producing the rapport and motivation (learning, readiness)
•Clarity of concepts.
•Interaction with students
•Your pronunciation
•Encouraging the students
•Answering the students questions
•Pitch and speed of your voice
•Use of appropriate ICTs (A-V Aids, Educational Technology)
•Involving the students in activities
•Summing up the presentation.
•Evaluation of your students about the teaching you have
given
31. Microteaching Cycle
Third Step: Viewing the video tapped
presentation
All the participants along with presenter will view
the presentation.
All will note down the plus and minus points
32. Microteaching Cycle
Planning
Presentation while
being video-tapped
Viewing by
presenter along
with participants
Discussing
First presenter then
others.
First plus points then
minus
33. Microteaching Cycle
Fourth Step: Discussing
Plus and minus points will be discussed in the following
order
First plus points and then the negative points where
improvements are needed.
First the presenter and then by participants Again plus
points will be pointed out before the negatives.
Negative points will in no way be considered as
criticism but a step towards improvement
Any shortcomings or negative point already pointed
out by presenter himself/herself will not be re-narrated
by any body else
34. Microteaching Cycle
Planning
Presentation while
being video-tapped
Viewing by
presenter along
with participants
Filtration
(Summing up suggested
improvements)
Discussing
First presenter then
others.
First plus points then
minus
36. Microteaching Cycle
Planning
Presentation while
being video-tapped
Viewing by
presenter along
with participants
Re-Planning
Filtration
(Summing up suggested
improvements)
Discussing
First presenter then
others.
First plus points then
minus
37. Microteaching Cycle
Sixth Step: Re-planning
The presenter will re-plan the
presentation in the light of outcomes
of the step four and present it again.
38. Microteaching Cycle
Planning
Presentation while
being video-tapped
Viewing by
presenter along
with participants
A research on microteaching
have indicated improvement
of skills upto 87% in three
Re-Planning
Filtration
(Summing up suggested
improvements)
Microteaching
Cycle
Discussing
First presenter then
others.
First plus points then
minus
cycles and upto
61% in two cycles
39. Classroom Setting
Classroom Setting for Microteaching
Teacher
Black Board T.V
Students
Video
Camera
Any other
Colleagues
Microteaching
supervisor
40. Classroom Setting
Classroom Setting may look like
T-V
Board
Teacher
Students
Microteaching supervisor
Video camera
Any Other Colleagues