Db exercises

DESIGNBUILDER ‐ Simulation Exercises
DESIGNBUILDER ‐ Simulation Exercises

This is a private draft document. The state of sources and references is incomplete.
Thi i i d f d Th f d f i i l
No distribution and/or reproduction is permitted.

K. Orehounig and A. Mahdavi
Department of Building Physics and Building Ecology
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Vi U i it f T h l A ti
www.bpi.tuwien.ac.at

Designbuilder‐Simulation Exercises , K. Orehounig January 2010 I 1

1. Exercise simple building
1. Exercise – simple building

Create simple rectangular building:
External dimensions: 30 x 20m
Wall thickness: 0.3m
Block height ground 3.5 m
Block height 1st floor 3.0 m
Pitched roof (non gable) slope 25 degrees with 0.5 m overhang
and wall thickness 0.1m


1. Exercise simple building
1. Exercise – simple building

• Check wall thickness set correctly
• Internal zone floor dimensions should be 19.4 x 29.4m
• Internal area = 570.36m²‐check in Navigator (below)


2. Exercise Drag face
2. Exercise – Drag face

Before face is After face has been
dragged dragged


2. Exercise Drag face
2. Exercise – Drag face

•D
Draw a block 20m x 20m and 6m high
bl k 20 20 d 6 hi h
•Starting at the south west corner add a block that is 3m high
and extends 12m along the south wall of the original block and
stands out from that block by 6m
• Now use the Drag face tool to pull the smaller block out to a
distance of 10m


3. Exercise cutting tool
3. Exercise – cutting tool

Using cutting and protractor tools to create a mono pitch roof
Using cutting and protractor tools to create a mono pitch roof


3. Exercise cutting tool
3. Exercise – cutting tool

Using cutting and protractor tools to create a mono pitch roof:
• Continuing from Exercise 2, use the drag face tool to increase the
height of the larger block by 2m
• Turn on the protractor and set the increment to 5°
• Use the Cut Block tool to cut the block across the south face at 5
degrees starting at a height of 5m from the south west corner
• Delete smaller cut block to leave a mono‐pitched sloping roof


4. Exercise horizontal extruded block
4. Exercise – horizontal extruded block

Using a horizontal extruded block to create a roof


4. Exercise horizontal extruded block
4. Exercise – horizontal extruded block

Using a horizontally extruded block to create a roof
h ll d d bl k f
• Draw a simple block 10m x 20m and 3.5m high
• Add
Add a gable end roof with the geometry shown below
bl d f ith th t h b l
• Ridge is 2.5m above eaves and 7m from left hand corner
• Suggest use construction line (in blue) to locate ridge
Suggest use construction line (in blue) to locate ridge
position


5. Exercise Outline blocks
5. Exercise – Outline blocks

Using Outline blocks to create complex geometry

Source: Introductory Training course, Paul Carey, DesignBuilder-Simulation-Training, London 2009 – DesignbuilderTM


5. Exercise Outline blocks
5. Exercise – Outline blocks

• From Exercise 4, switch on increment snap
• Add dormer window outline block in middle of steeper
Add dormer window outline block in middle of steeper
sloping slope roof –align vertical face with wall below
• 3 m wide, vertical wall height 1m and sloping roof at 30°
3 m wide, vertical wall height 1m and sloping roof at 30


5a. Exercise cutting plane
5a. Exercise – cutting plane

• Cut outline block using roof as cutting plane (cutting method = Select
Cut outline block using roof as cutting plane (cutting method = Select
plane)
• Convert dormer outline block to building block using wall thickness
Convert dormer outline block to building block using wall thickness
0.1m


5b. Exercise windows and holes
5b. Exercise – windows and holes

• Add a window (approximately 2 m x 0.4m)
(start at x=0.4 m, y=0.5m)
• Cut a hole in the sloping roof
• merge the dormer zone with the main roofspace zone (use
‘Merge zones connected by holes’ Model option)


6. Exercise   component blocks
6. Exercise – component blocks

Setting ground adjacencies using component blocks



Using ground component blocks to set ground adjacency

• Create a two storey building with flat roof 15m x 20m with default block
heights. Use Block wall thickness of 0.3m.
• Add gable roof with 30º slope 0.5m overlap
• The ground rises along the south wall from floor level at the west corner to
1.75m at the east corner
• Use a ground component block to set the adjacency for the south wall.



Setting ground adjacency using component block

• Note how the ground component block has
modified the layout of the default façade
• Go down to the surface level and check
that the surface next to the ground
component block has been split into 2
adjacencies


7. Exercise   Adiabatic component blocks
7. Exercise – Adiabatic component blocks


7. Exercise   Adiabatic component blocks
7. Exercise – Adiabatic component blocks

• Using adiabatic component blocks to represent other spaces at
similar conditions
• Add 4m high, 6m wide adiabatic block to middle of North facade
• Using standard component blocks for shading and reflections
•Add standard block in front of West face


8. Exercise   Assigning activities & zoning
8. Exercise – Assigning activities & zoning

• Standard block should be removed again
• Using the top floor block add a 2m wide corridor down the middle
of the block
• Insert partitions to create
4 cellular offices along west wall


8. Exercise   Zoning the building
8. Exercise – Zoning the building


8. Exercise   Renaming Blocks and Zones
8. Exercise – Renaming Blocks and Zones


9. Exercise constructions
9. Exercise ‐ constructions
Add an unconditioned pitched roof (specify space as semi‐exterior unconditioned)
Create a new external wall construction and apply it to second floor and roof
blocks:
• Outer layer –lightweight metallic cladding 2 mm thick (look under metals)
l l h h ll l dd h k (l k d l)
• Insulation polyurethane board diffusion tight, 100mm thick
•I
Inner layer ‐concrete block with 1800 kg/m³ density,
l t bl k ith 1800 k / ³ d it
100mm thick


9. Exercise constructions
9. Exercise ‐ constructions


10a. Exercise defining openings
10a. Exercise – defining openings

• Change default glazing to the whole building to Dbl LoE(e2=0 1) Clr
Change default glazing to the whole building to Dbl LoE(e2=0.1) Clr
6mm/13mm Air
• Change all top floor openings to be 20% glazed, 1.6m height and 1.0m sill
Change all top floor openings to be 20% glazed, 1.6m height and 1.0m sill
height (block level change).
p g g, g
• Alter all top floor West wall windows to have 40% glazing, 2m high with a
sill height of 1m.
• South wall ground floor has no glazing
• North wall has  a door (1 m x2 m)
• Visualize to check correct positioning


10b. Exercise   copy of openings
10b. Exercise – copy of openings

• At building level remove all ground floor West wall windows
g g
• Copy windows from West wall top floor to ground floor
• Visualize to check correct positioning


11. Exercise Heating Design Calculations
11. Exercise ‐ Heating Design Calculations

•From Exercise 10 model
From Exercise 10 model
•Set Location to London (Gatwick Airport)
•Run Heating Design Calculation,
using System sizing design margin of 1.8
g y g g g
•View Detailed and Summary results


12. Exercise Cooling Design Calculations
12. Exercise ‐ Cooling Design Calculations

• Starting from Exercise 11 model
Starting from Exercise 11 model
• Switch on Cooling in cellular offices
• Run Cooling Design Calculation, using System
sizing design margin of 1.2
•View Detailed and Summary results


13. Exercise Simulation
13. Exercise – Simulation

• We go back to our model and simulate
We go back to our model and simulate
• Monthly and Annual (for 365 days)
• Daily
y
• Hourly
• View results


14a. Exercise
14a. Exercise – Shading
• Create a volume with floor plan dimensions 20x10 Single Zone
(height 3,5m)
(h i h 3 5 )
• Run cooling design simulations
•L k tD t I t
Look at Data: „Internal gains“
l i “
• Lock axes, select „graph and table“
• Export it as report topic
Export it as report topic


14b. Exercise
14b. Exercise ‐ Shading
• Go back to the edit screen
• A b ildi l l
At building level go to the „opening tab“ and open the shading
h i b“ d h h di
header switch to „window shading“
• choose the following settings:
h th f ll i tti

• and perform cooling design simulations again
and perform cooling design simulations again
• export it again as a report topic


14c. Exercise
14c. Exercise ‐ Shading
• Go back to the edit screen
• now choose instead of „scheduled“ control type „solar“
h i d f h d l d“ l l “

• and perform cooling design simulations again
export it again as a report topic


14d. Exercise
14d. Exercise ‐ Shading
• Go back to your model
• switch off „window shading“ and switch on „local shading“
i h ff i d h di “ d i h l l h di “
• select „overhang and sidefins (1m projection)“
• run cooling design simulations again
li d i i l ti i


14e. Exercise
14e. Exercise ‐ Shading
• Go back to your model
• turn all shading options off
ll h di i ff
• on the layout tab draw a large
component block in front of
t bl k i f t f
south‐facing windows.
(1m away from the building,
(1m away from the building
and 20m high)
• Construction tab at Building level
Construction tab at Building level

Transmittance can be changed
from 0 (opaque) to 1 (maximum
transmittance)

15a. Exercise Timing   Typical workday/Schedules
15a. Exercise – Timing ‐ Typical workday/Schedules

Typical workday:
∙  Create a new project using London Gatwick location and the Default 20x10
Single Zone template.
∙  On the Model options dialog: set the timing option to Typical workday.
∙  At building level on the Activity tab, template: Office_OpenOff, Office Equipment
change the On time to 8:00 and Off time to 20:00.
∙  Now run a Cooling design calculation
∙  Use default calculation options, select just 4 Internal gains results and look at results
Use default calculation options select just 4‐Internal gains results and look at results
for Computer + Equip.


∙  Notice that the maximum heat gain is the 15 W/m2 requested x floor area of
182.7m2 = 2.74 kW.

The data displayed on the graphs is for
solar time, i.e. with no modification for
daylight saving. So at midday the sun
has maximum altitude.
Also data is displayed for the previous
30 minutes in Cooling design results (or
previous 1 hour when viewing hourly
previous 1 hour when viewing hourly
simulation results).



Computer + Equip results at 7:30
actually represent the heat gain to the
t ll t th h t i t th
space over the time 7:00‐7:30 solar
time or 8:00‐8:30 local clock time.

Times are solar times
Schedules are defined in local time


15b Exercise: 7/12 Schedules
• On the Model options dialog set the Timing option back to Schedules.
• Go to the Activity tab, building level.
• Create a new schedule to control the Office equipment.
• Cli k
Click on the Office equipment Schedule to open the list of schedules in the
th Offi i tS h d l t th li t f h d l i th
Data panel on the right then click on the + Add new item toolbar icon to
create a new schedule.
create a new schedule
• Give the new schedule a name e.g. “Occupancy schedule”.
• Leave the type as 7/12 Schedule Leave the Design days data too (This data
Leave the type as 7/12 Schedule. Leave the Design days data too. (This data
describes how the schedule should behave if you use the (default))


• Profiles are selected for cells in the grid by first selecting the cells to be
defined then by clicking on the Edit selected cells link on the right.
• So first click on the Month cell in the top left to select all cells, i.e. all
weekdays in all months.
kd i ll th
• Then click on Edit selected cells to open a list
of existing profiles. Select the profile
of existing profiles Select the profile
8:30 ‐ 16:00 and press OK
• select all weekdays and set them to
select all weekdays and set them to
the profile 8:30‐16:00
• now set the weekends to be switched off
now set the weekends to be switched off.
• Perform Cooling design calculations
(
(SummerDesignDay)
g y)

15b. Exercise: 7/12 Schedules
15b. Exercise: 7/12 Schedules
• Press OK to create the Schedule.
• select this new schedule.
• Run another Cooling design calculation

Equipment stops at 15:30
(this is 16:30 local time, and
time
Equipment starts at 8:00
corresponds to 16:00-16:30
(this is 9:00 local time, and
corresponds to 8:30-9:00


16a. Exercise
16a. Exercise ‐ HVAC

• Ensure Simple HVAC and Schedule natural ventilation model options are
selected.
• Select „Delhi“ as a location
• Window shading using “High reflectivity slats” “inside” and 4‐Solar control
with a 150 W/m² setpoint, T5 fluorescent lights, no daylight control.
• At the Activity tab set the heating setpoint to 20°C and the cooling setpoint to
26°C.


16a. Exercise

•At Building level go to the HVAC tab and load the “Packaged direct expansion
HVAC template“
• Set the Mechanical ventilation Outside air definition method to 1‐By Zone.
(This means that the Outside air ac/h rate entered on the slider below will be
used directly. Other options will be explored in the next Example.)
• Set the Mechanical ventilation Outside air delivery to be 2 ac/h.
/
• Leave the Mechanical ventilation Operation schedule to be
Office_OpenOff_Occ.
Offi O Off O


16a. Exercise

• Go to the simulation tab: select hourly and daily results for the full year
„annual simulations“


16a. Exercise

Daily results

Cooling loads, no
heating available


16a. Exercise

Change to „Hourly results“
For 7 days

Air temperature
minimum 26°C

weekend
Ach coupled with
occupancy


16b. Exercise
16b. Exercise ‐ HVAC
• Change the weather at the location tab to a colder climate “London Gatwick
ARPT”
•At building level on the “HVAC tab” set the Mechanical ventilation Outside air
definition method to be 2‐Min fresh air per person. (This means that the
d fi iti th d t b 2 Mi f h i (Thi th t th
maximum mechanical ventilation fresh air is calculated from the occupancy of
the zone and the minimum fresh air requirement per person. Both these are
the zone and the minimum fresh air requirement per person Both these are
defined by the activity.
• Go to the Activity tab” note that the “occupancy density” is set as 0.11
Go to the „Activity tab note that the occupancy density is set as 0 11
people/m2. Under “Environmental Control” > “Minimum Fresh Air
Header Note the Fresh air requirement per person is set to 10 l/s per
Header”. Note the Fresh air requirement per person is set to 10 l/s per
person. The Mech vent per area data would also be used if we had selected 4‐
Min fresh air (Sum per person + per area) option.
( p p p ) p

16b. Exercise
• Change the “Heating set back” to 16°C. This will be the set point whenever
g p
the Heating Operation Schedule has a value of 0.5.

• Go back to the HVAC tab and single‐click on the Heating Operation Schedule.
The schedule Office_OpenOff_Heat should be selected. The data for the
schedule is displayed in the Data report panel in the bottom right of the
screen.
You will see the schedule has values of 0.5 between 7pm and 6am and a value
of 1 between 6am and 7pm. Weekends and holidays have 0.5. This means that
the heating system will use setback temperature (16°C) during the night and at
weekends and holidays.


16b. Exercise
• Likewise for cooling, the main cooling setpoint of 26°C applies during the
occupied period. For AllOtherDays (i.e. Cooling design days) a value of zero
p p y ( g g y)
is used, that is heating is not required for cooling design.

• Run the simulations
for the “Winter design week”

Air temperature
minimum at night?


References:
• P Carey 2009 Introductory Training course DesignBuilder Simulation
P. Carey, 2009. Introductory Training course, DesignBuilder‐Simulation‐
Training, London 2009 – DesignBuilderTM 2009.
• DesignBuilder 2009 Simulation + CFD Training Guide Simulation Training
DesignBuilder 2009. Simulation + CFD Training Guide, Simulation Training
Manual, DesignBuilderTM 2009.


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