2. • Contents :-
Introduction of dye
1) Butea monosperma
2) Lowsonia alba
• Classification
• Origin
• Other names
• Habitat
• Morphology
• Cultivation
• Uses
3. • Introduction of dye :-
A natural or synthetic substance used to add
a colour to or change the colour of some
thing is known as a dye.
A dye is a coloured substance that has an
affinity to the substrate to which it is being
applied in a aqueous solution, and may
require a mordant to improve the fastness of
the dye on the fiber.
5. • Origin :-
Butea is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Indonesia, Java, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam in Asia.
In India butea is found in Andhra Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra-Nagar-
Haveli, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh,
West Bengal.
6. • Other names :-
English :- Flame of the forest, Bastard teak
Hindi :- Dhak, Palas
Guajarati :- Kesudo
7. • Habitat :-
Throughout India, in deciduous forests in
areas up to 1.200 m elevation, also in open
areas.
It grows on a wide variety of soils
including shallow, gravelly sites, black
cotton soil, clay loams and even saline or
waterlogged soils.
8. • Morphology :-
A medium sized deciduous tree, grows up to 12-15
m in height with gum containing grey bark
exfoliating in irregular pieces and somewhat
crooked trunk.
Leaves 3-foliate, leaflets coriaceous, obtuse,
glabrous above when old, finely silky and
conspicuously reticulate veined beneath.
Flowers bright orange red, large, in rigid
racemes, fruits pods, thickened at the sutures,
containing a single seed.
9.
10. The leaves fall off by December and
reappear during spring. When the tree is
leafless, it bears flaming orange to red
coloured flowers.
Flowers start appearing in February and
stay on nearly up to end of April.
11.
12. • Cultivation :-
Natural regeneration by both seed and root suckers
is profuse. Birds are the chief pollinators.
Artificial propagation is chiefly from direct sown
seeds, sown 25-30 cm apart in lines 3-5 m apart.
Root suckers and nursery seedlings can also be used
for propagation because of the good coppicing
power of this species, it is also a reliable method of
natural propagation.
Germination, which starts in about 10-12 days, is
completed in 4 weeks. Fresh seeds have a good
germination capacity (about 63%) at optimum
germination temperature of about 30 deg.
13. • Nursery techniques :-
The seeds can be directly sown in polypot.
Germination takes up to 15 days. Somewhat
slow growing.
One year old seedlings are better for
planting.
In 30x45 cm size bags the seedlings attain 3
feet in 6 months.
14. • Uses :-
The bark of dhak yields a kind of coarse
and brown coloured fiber, which is used for
rough cordage.
The juice exuded by the bark hardens in to
brittle ruby coloured gum beads. This gum
is sanctioned to be used as a substitute for
the Kino gum.
The dhak flowers yield an orange dye.
15. The seeds are used in ayurvedik and unani
medicine for treating a number of human
diseases.
The dhak tree acts as a host for lac insects
and is, therefore, useful in producing
natural lac.
Its leaves are essential for various religious
rituals in Hindu homes. These are also
used as cheap plates and cups for rural
feasts.
16. 2. Lowsonia alba :-
Classification :-
• Kingdom :- Plantae
• Division :- Magnoliophyta
• Class :- Magnoliopsida
• Order :- Myrtales
• Family :- Lythraceae
•Genus :- Lowsonia
•Species :- alba
17. • Origin :-
Lowsonia alba is found in Asia, Australia,
south-east Africa, middle east and Arab and
in many other parts of the world.
In India, it is cultivated in south Indian
states such as Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Kerala,
and Andhra Pradesh.
It is cultivated mainly in Haryana and
Gujarat, and to a small exalt in Madhya
Pradesh and Rajasthan.
18. • Other names :-
English :- Henna, Egyptian privet
Hindi :- Mehndi, Hena
Gujarat :- Medi, Mendi
19.
20. • Habitat :-
Dry, coastal secondary scrub wasteland
naturalized plants are often found in
temporarily flooded river beds and riverine
thickets, but also on hillsides and in rock
crevices, at elevations up to 1,350 meters.
It is traditionally used in countries like
Algeria, India, Saudi-Arabia, Pakistan and
Bangladesh, Israel, Somalia and Turkey.
21. • Morphology :-
Henna is a tall shrub or small tree,
standing 1.8 to 7.6 m tall ( 6 to 25 ft ). It is
glabrous and multi-branched, with spine-
tipped branch lets.
The leaves grow opposite each other on the
stem. They are glabrous, sub-sessile,
elliptical and lanceolate, acuminate and
have depressed veins on the dorsal surface.
22.
23. Henna flowers have four sepals and a 2
mm calyx tube, with 3 mm spread lobes.
Its petals are obvate, with white or red
stamens found in pairs on the rim of the
calyx tube.
The ovary is four-celled, 5 mm long and
erect. Henna fruits are small, brownish
capsules, 4 – 8 mm in diameter, with 32-49
seeds per fruit, and open irregularly into
four splits.
24. • Cultivation :-
Henna is found in tropical and subtropical
regions.
As a commercial dye crop, it is cultivated
mainly in Punjab, Haryana, west Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
It is propagated by seeds or stem-cuttings.
The plants grow on any type of soil, from
loam to clay loam.
It tolerates a little alkalinity in the soil.
25. Before sowing seeds are soaked in water with frequent
change of water for best sprouting and then in the
month of march the germinated seeds and fine sand
in equal quantity are mixed together and spread sown
in already prepared nursery soil.
In 3-4 months during July-august seedlings attain a
height of about 30-40 cm, at this stage seedlings are
transplanted in fields 30x45 cm distance in row.
For good growth 40 kg/ha nitrogen is to be applied at
the time of transplanting.
26. • Uses :-
The plant is famous for its anticancer and anti-
inflammatory activities. Its bark and seeds are used
in the unani and ayurveda.
It is useful against heat stroke and used against a
headache.
Henna bark and root are used for the treatment of
liver enlargement and jaundice.
Mehndi leaves are soaked in water and drunken to
cure cracking of nails and adds nutrition to the
body.
27. It acts against hair loss and strengthens
hair. Henna is used as a natural agent for
baldness.
Henna leaves used to cure sun burg and
other rashes in the body.
It acts as a cooling agent when applied on
the burns and wounds. It is an effective
sun block.
It is used for treatment of arthritis.
28. The bark can help in the treatment of skin
diseases.
It used as a useful organ for leucodermia.
It used for the treatment of some fungal
infection.
Mehandi is the application of henna as a
temporary form of skin decoration in India.
29. • References :-
Economic botany
• B. P. Panday
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