Google Self Driving Cars The Google Self-Driving Car is a project by Google that involves developing technology for autonomous cars. The software powering Google's cars is called Google Chauffeur. Lettering on the side of each car identifies it as a "self-driving car". The project is currently being led by Google engineer Sebastian Thrun, former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View. Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense. The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges. Legislation has been passed in four states and the District of Columbia allowing driverless cars. The U.S. state of Nevada passed a law on June 29, 2011, permitting the operation of autonomous cars in Nevada, after Google had been lobbying in that state for robotic car laws. The Nevada law went into effect on March 1, 2012, and the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles issued the first license for an autonomous car in May 2012, to a Toyota Prius modified with Google's experimental driverless technology. In April 2012, Florida became the second state to allow the testing of autonomous cars on public roads, and California became the third when Governor Jerry Brown signed the bill into law at Google HQ in Mountain View. In July 2014, the city of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho adopted a robotics ordinance that includes provisions to allow for self-driving cars. Videos https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCLyNDhxwpqNe3UeEmGHl8g

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Benz – Motorwagen
1886 by Karl Benz
Microprocessors
Computers
Artificial intelligence

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2014

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5. Current projects
1. Project Loon
2. Google Contact Lens
3. Project Glass
4. Google driverless car
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6. Former director of the Stanford
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
and co-inventor of Google Street
View.
Stanley (won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge)
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Team head: Sebastian Thrun

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Lexus RX450h

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Toyota Prius

9. Hardware that makes it driverless.
• LIDAR (Light Detection And
Ranging)
• Automotive Radar System
• Video Cameras
• GPS (Global Positioning System)
• Position Estimators
• Computer unit to control all the
above systems .
• Systems like ABS (Antilock
Braking System) , ESC (Electronic
Stability Control) etc..
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10. LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
• Optical Remote sensing
technology.
• Laser produces optical pulse.
• Pulse is transmitted , reflected
and returned to the receiver
• Receivers accurately measures
the travel time.
• The range finder mounted on
the top is a Velodyne 64-beam
laser.
• Range = 60m (~197 feet)
• This laser allows the vehicle to
generate a detailed 3D map of
its environment.
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11. Radar
• Four standard automotive radar sensors are used.
• 3 are placed in the front and 1 at the back.
• Used to measure distances from other objects.
• Used to measure vehicles’ speed.
• Used to locate the position of distant objects.
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12. Video Camera
• Mounted near the rear view mirror.
• Detects traffic lights & traffic signs.
• Helps the car to recognize moving
obstacles like pedestrians and
bicyclists.
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13. GPS receiver.
• For receiving GPS
(Global Positioning
System) signals.
• It is used to obtain
the location of the
car.
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14. Position estimator
• A rotation sensor
mounted on the rear
wheel.
• Measures lateral
movement and
determines exact position
of the vehicle on the map.
• The location will be more
accurate than the location
obtained using a GPS
sensor.
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19. Map
• The car must be driven by drivers fist wherever the
car must be self driven.
• The data collected at this time is synched with the
google servers to make high resolution inch
precision maps of the world.
• This map will contain other information like
• The height and position of traffic lights.
• Speed limit at which the car can be driven at that
location.
• The map is loaded to the memory of the car before
the car has to self drive at that location.
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20. • The software used in a Google’s self driving
car is named Google Chauffeur.
• A powerful computer is placed under the
rear passenger seat.
• All the hardware components are connected
to the computer.
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22. Map position is found accurately
using GPS and position estimators.
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1). Identify the position in a map.

23. 2). Detecting other vehicles.
Referring the map the car will be
able to detect moving objects.
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24. 3).Predicting the trajectory of other moving objects.
Then the software predicts the path
of vehicles, by analysing the path
travelled by the vehicle and by
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analysing the situation.

25. This prediction is done for all the
vehicles in the field of view.
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26. 4). Calculating the most appropriate path.
Then the car takes the most
appropriate and safest path.
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27. When the software has chosen the best path ahead
the software controls the following,
• Steering wheel
• Accelerator
• Break
• Gear etc.
Thus the car actuates to move itself through the
road.
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28. Testing
• In April 2014, the team announced that their
vehicles have now logged nearly 700,000
autonomous miles (1.1 million km) accident-free.
• All the cars used are Electric or Hybrid Electric.
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29. Licensing
Level 3 autonomy
The system provides an override that allows a
human driver to take control of the car by stepping
on the brake or turning the steering wheel.
Level 4 autonomy
Fully autonomous. Human’s will not be able to
control the car.
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32. Four U.S. states have
passed laws
permitting
autonomous cars as
of December 2013:
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• Nevada
• Florida
• California
• Michigan

33. Cost
• Google's robotic cars have about $150,000 in
equipment including a $70,000 LIDAR system.
• That is, the car now cost approximately one crore
Rupees.
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34. Commercialization
• Google had no immediate plans to commercially
develop the system.
• Google hopes to develop a business which would
market the system and the data behind it to
automobile manufacturers.
• Robo-Taxi : Advertising fee funded transportation
service which included autonomous vehicles as a
method of transport.
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35. Future improvements
• Ability to self drive on unmapped areas.
• Ability to self drive on bad weather conditions.
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36. Conclusion
• Imagine getting in the car and being able to go
wherever you want to go even if you don’t have a
driving license.
• Imagine a world where Government don’t have to
build new roads to reduce traffic.
• Imagine a world where no road accidents takes
place.
• Google is making it safer, easier, and more
enjoyable to get around.
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37. Reference
• Google
• IEEE Spectrum
• Wikipedia
• TED
• Google+/Google_Self_driving_car
• You Tube
• The Atlantic
• googleblog.blogspot.in/what-were-driving-at
• The New York Times
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