1. Seminar for Project FREE-Paglaum Educational Research classes
Dec. 20, 2014
MM Auditorium A, University of St. La Salle , Bacolod City,
Philippines

2.  Information, to be useful, requires
reliability: scientific accuracy, validity and
authenticity /verifiability
 Created information is intellectual property.
 Those who engage in it, rely on it, process it
and use it in further disseminating it must
observe the highest ethical behavior in
protecting its reliability.

3.  a moral/ethical issue
 “1. The appropriation or imitation of another's
ideas and manner of expressing them, as in art,
literature, etc., 2. To be passed off as one's own;
something appropriated and passed off as one's
own in this manner.” (RMIT University, 2009)
 Includes:
 failure to properly document a source
 copying material from the internet or databases
 collusion between students
 purchasing pre-written or on-demand papers from the
numerous paper mills and cheat sites

4.  a legal issue
 generally, as soon as a work is created in its final form it
is copyrighted
 “The exclusive right to produce or reproduce (copy), to
perform in public or to publish an original literary or
artistic work, pursuant to a statute usually called the
‘Copyright Act’, or some similar name.” (Duhaim Org,
n.d.)
 To qualify for protection, the work must be:
 original
 “fixed in a tangible medium of expression”, no matter how
brief
 the result of creative effort from its author/authors
 Not protected:
 Ideas
 Facts

5.  Copyright protects:
 written material such as journal articles, novels,
poems, song lyrics and reports.
 artistic works such as paintings, drawings, cartoons,
sculpture, craft work, photographs, maps and plans.
 musical works
 dramatic works such as plays and mime.
 computer programs
 compilations such as anthologies, directories and
databases.
 cinematograph films such as feature films, television
programs, and commercials.
 sound recordings such as recorded music or a
recorded lecture.

6.  both a moral/ethical and legal issue; usually
a defense against infringement
 “a doctrine in United States copyright law
that allows limited use of copyrighted
material without requiring permission from
the rights holders, such as use for scholarship
or review. It provides for the legal, non-
licensed citation or incorporation of
copyrighted material in another author's
work under a four-factor balancing test.”
(Wikipedia, 2009)

7.  Four factors:
 Purpose and character of use – derivative or
transformative?
 Nature of the copyrighted work
 Amount and substantiality of the portion used in
relation to the copyrighted work as a whole
 Effect of the use upon the potential market for
or value of the copyrighted work

8.  Document your sources and keep those records for future use,
in the event that your material is questioned.
 Give credit when using written material from another book,
magazine, newspaper, song, blog, web page, advertisement,
television or radio show.
 Material can be sourced in a footnote or simply by stating where
the information came from after you cite it.
 Give credit to anyone that you interview and any material that
you use from the interview
 Give credit to anyone that you speak with, and quote.
 Give credit to anyone that you borrow artwork or images from.
 When in doubt, give credit to your source. That way you’ll
always be safe.
 Never ever use more than three words in a row from a copy
source.
 Use ideas, and express them in your own words.
 Copyright your work.

9.  Duhaim Org (n.d.). Copyright. Retrieved from
http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/C/Copyright.aspx
 Expert Author Publishing. (2008). The difference between plagiarism
and copyright infringement. Retrieved from
http://www.expertauthorpublishing.com/articles/the-difference-
between-plagiarism-and-copyright-infringement.html
 RMIT University. (2009). Copyright, plagiarism and fair use.
Retrieved from http://www.rmit.net.au/browse;ID=obcz6j8do3ll
 Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resources.
(2009). Copyright and fair use. Retrieved from
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/
 Wikipedia. (2009). Fair use. Retrieved on July 26, 2009. from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use

10.  Duhaim Org (n.d.). Copyright. Retrieved from
http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/C/Copyright.aspx
 Expert Author Publishing. (2008). The difference between plagiarism
and copyright infringement. Retrieved from
http://www.expertauthorpublishing.com/articles/the-difference-
between-plagiarism-and-copyright-infringement.html
 RMIT University. (2009). Copyright, plagiarism and fair use.
Retrieved from http://www.rmit.net.au/browse;ID=obcz6j8do3ll
 Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resources.
(2009). Copyright and fair use. Retrieved from
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/
 Wikipedia. (2009). Fair use. Retrieved on July 26, 2009. from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use