athens gef integration dialogue

1. 3rd GEF IW LEARN – UNESCO
INTEGRATION DIALOGUE
Managing Groundwater in Coastal Areas
and SIDS
Mediterranean information office
Athena ,Greece 6-7 May 2014
Jordan Groundwater
PRESENTED BY SAMEEH AL NUIMAT / IUCN

2. Jordan in words Challenges and Opportunities
Area: 89,000km²
Population 6.4 million in 2010 and now is 9:9 million
 70% of the population (less than 30 year)
Mediterranean climatic zoon to arid
 Rainfall range from 30mm - 600m/year
More than 80% is desert, less than 100 mm/year
 4% receive more than 300mm/year
92.5% of the water lost by evaporation

3. Jordan in words Challenges and Opportunities
 Annual per capita share of
water around143m3,projected
to be 90 m3 by 2025
 low recharge of Groundwater
 Very limited Energy resources
 High opportunity for
renewable energy

4. Challenges facing water sector in Jordan
 Climatic change (rainfall reduction and fluctuation,
increasing temperature )
 Limited water Resources
 high Population growth rate 2.6%
 Waves of refugees from the region .
 97% of the area receive less than 300mm/a
 90% of the population staled in areas higher than
400mm/A rainfall
 low GWR because of topographical features and
urbanization infrastructures
 Water losses about 50% (leakages and illegal uses)

5. Challenges and Opportunities
Population growth (natural and immigration )
Climate change
Drought and rainfall variability
High potential evapotranspiration
Surface water and ground water pollution
Ground water depletion and salinization (over pumping)
Jordan is the 4th water deprived countries Worldwide !
Non-conventional water resources?
TWW is not conceder waste , but part of water budget
Reuse Treated wastewater for agriculture is an option?

6. Population growth projection in Jordan
Year Total population Recent situation 2014
2012 6,338,000
2014 9.9 million
2025 8,507,131
2035 9,902,325
Jordan is a water scarce country
water scarce country is the one with per capita less than 1000m³/ year/
fresh water (FAO 1997), Jordan 120 m/c/y USA = 1550 m³/c/year
allocation of per capita water supply is as follows:
- Amman 120 1 pcd
- Other Cities 100 1 pcd
- Suburban's 80 1 pcd
- Remote Villages 80 1 pcd
-(W.H.O standard for hygiene =50lpcd

7. Average Annual Rainfall
Average annual rainfall water = 8.5
billion CM
Jordan Valley 50-300 mm (5.7%)
• High Land 400 – 580 mm (2.9%)
• Desert Area (Badia) 50 – 200 mm
(91.4%)
Annual quantities (MCM):
• Wet Years 11000
• Dry years 5800
• Annual average 8300

8. Jordan water situation ( supply, demand, deficit)
YEAR RAINFALL MCM DEMAND MCM SUPPLY MCM DEFICIT MCM
2004 8500 1300 866 500
2007 8500 1500 866 630
2020 8500 1600 1000 734
Annual Per-capita shear of water decreased as result of increased demand and
population
YEAR PER CAPITA M³
1946 3600 M ³
2008 160 M ³
2025 90 M ³

9. RENEWABLE , (800- 850 ) MCM / YEAR
• Surface Water Sources 505MCM/yr
• Groundwater Sources 275 MCM/yr
• Treated Wastewater 110 MCM ( 2012 )
• Peace treaty water 25- 50 MCM
NONRENEWABLE
- * Fossil Water 140 MCM/yr.
- Brackish Water 50 MCM/yr.
Jordan water
resources

10. Municipal = 290 MCM Irrigation 558 MCM Industrial = 39 MCM
Water Uses by Sector
Domestic
24%
Agriculture
70%
Industrial
5%
Other
1%
Water consumption
866 million (cu.m.)
Jordan (2004)

11. Groundwater in Jordan
• GW resources are limited the safe yield 275 MCM
• GW resources are over exploited
• Decline in the quality
• Over application of fertilizer and pesticides
• Illegal drilling wells ¼ of the total pore hall
• Decreasing water level about 1 meter /year
• Spring stop flowing
• Shallow wells abounded , and degraded quality
• Lack of management of trans-boundary water aquifers
• Government start to reduce the over extraction (action taken )

13. SAYF YIELD
Basin Safe yield Abstracted Balance % Abstracted
Yarmok 40 43.3 -3.3 108
Said valleys 15 25 -10 172
Jordan valley 21 27.9 -6.9 133
Azraq 24 59.3 -35.3 247
Amman
zarqa
87.5 138.7 -51.2 158
Srhan 5 3,8 1.2 76
Hammad 8 0.9 +7.1 11
Dead sea 57 89.3 -32.3 157
Disi 0 82.1 42.9
North Araba 3.5 6,7 -3.2 193
Red sea 5.5 17.4 -11.9 316
Jafer 9 24.8 -15.8 276
Total 275.5 520.1 170.805

14. Aquifer DISINon Renewable
• Aquifer is zero recharge
• Jordan pumps 82.1 MCM, Saudi Arabia 600-700 MCM
• Aqaba pumps 17 MCM projected to go up 35 MCM
• Connect aquifer to Amman with a 325 Km pipeline.
• Aquifer will provide 100 MCM/year over 100 years.
• Price of water = JD 0.820 (Expensive water!)

15. Brackish Groundwater
• Jordan has a number of brackish water
springs with limited use.
• Salinity places restrictions on crop
selection
• Plans for more desalination plants
Current desalination 30MCM

16. Groundwater law
• Groundwater By-law 85 of 2002
• Land ownership doesn't include the ground water
• control drilling Licence ( licence to extract water )
• Area of drilling, depth , well development and
• Abstracting quantity , quality
• Metering and Pricing tariff for private legal and illegal
well
• Illegal well
• Water extracting licence

17. Action taken to protect ground water
• Ministry of Water and Irrigation damage 224 illegal wells out of 1400 drains
more than 25 million cubic meters ,
• Confiscation of more than 145 drilling machine
• Convert more than 1000 adjust to the courts ,
• Cabinet approved legislation to stop attacks
on sources of water , dig wells offense
• Measures to reduce these irregularities including:
• Stop deliver electrical current to the abuse and not allow the import of
water pumps for wells , but after receiving a approval of the Water Authority
to keep track of sold and installed,
• Stop work permits for foreign workers in offense farms , which owns the
illegal wells )
• Alray newspaper VOL. 15886 4 /may/2014

18. • Workers in water entities considered as judicial police .
• Considering the money belonging to the companies owned by
the water authority as public funds .
• Approved new tariff for the amount of water extracted illegally
• Toughening the penalties for attacks along the water sources
and lines tanker terminals pumping water , dig wells without a
license is imprisonment for not less than one year nor more
than five years
price of water extracted from illegal wells
QUANTITY IN 1000 M³ PRICE IN FILLES
0- 10 150
10- 30 250
ABOVE 30 500

20. II‫هةحمثة‬
Project implemented by :

21. SWIM – SM focus
WP 1
WP 2
WP 3
WP 4
WP 5
WP 6
Non-
conventional
water resources
Economic
Valuation of
water resources
No-regret actions
for Climate
Change
adaptation
Local Governance
with focus on
Water Users
Associations
Water governance &
mainstreaming
Capacity Building
Application of water
management plans
Promotion of lessons
learnt & good practices
Development of a
Communication Strategy
Support Demonstration
Projects

22. SWIM-Sustain Water MED project is funded
by the EU and the German Federal Ministry of Economic
Cooperation and Development.
It is one of the demonstration projects within the SWIM
umbrella1 and addresses sustainable wastewater and
sanitation management in the MENA region.
the project is implemented in a period of 3 years from
2012-2014 by a consortium of 8 project partners with the
GIZ Jordan in the lead. It operates in four countries,
implementing demonstration projects in
Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan. Each of the
demonstration projects addresses a different aspect
related to wastewater treatment and reuse as well as
rainwater management

23. Goal
Contribute to the sustainable
integrated management of non-
conventional water resources in the
southern Mediterranean region.

24. .
DEMONSTRATE:
Effective and cost-efficient wastewater
treatment and reuse technologies through
pilot projects.
ASSESS:
Environmental and socio-economic impacts
and translate these into policy
recommendations.
.

25. .
TRAIN:
Policy-makers and targeted water users in
the management, operation and
maintenance of these technologies.
REACH OUT:
To water users through targeted events and
information centres.
REPLICATE:
Through regional networking and
benchmarking as well as policy advice.

26. .
Approach:
Demonstration Projects
In Morocco,
Implementing a comprehensive strategy for
eco-sanitation and rainwater management,
demonstrating the benefits of locally
adapted technologies.
.

27. .
Technology: Source separation,
decentralized treatment, effective reuse of
sanitary by-products, rainwater
management.
Beneficiary / Location: the village of Ait Idir,
in the Souss-Massa-Drâa region in the
south of Morocco.
Implementing Partner: National Water
Agency of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region
(ABH SMD).

28. .
In Tunisia:
Implementing a wastewater quality
surveillance system as well as an
accompanying governance structure
between water users and providers,
in order to promote the safe usage of
treated wastewater for agricultural
purposes.

29. Beneficiary/Location: The local
wastewater authority and surrounding
farmers of the Ouljet El Khoder
wastewater treatment plant in Medenine,
in south-eastern Tunisia. Implementing
Partner: National Sanitation Utility
(ONAS), General Direction for Rural
Engineering and Water Exploitation
(DGGREE).

30. .
In Egypt,
Establishing a decentralized wastewater
treatment unit and reuse plan at village
level in a rural area. Technology: To be
defined. Beneficiary/Location: Village in
the Ismailia Governorate (northeast
Egypt).
Implementing Partner: Holding Company
for Water and Wastewater (HCWW).).

31. .
In Jordan,
Establishing a decentralized wastewater
treatment unit and reuse plan at a
building level in a semi-urban area.
Technology: Sequencing Batch Reactor
(SBR)
Beneficiary/Location: Head Quarter of the
Public Security Directorate (PSD) near
Amman

32. .
Implementing Partner:
AL-Balqa Applied University (BAU),
International Union for the Conservation
of Nature (IUCN),
Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ).

33. .
Regional Level:
For learning & comparison of best
practices, the project establish a regional
benchmarking and networking
system, including the following activities
and deliverables:

34. • A common framework for baseline
assessments as well as socio-economic
and environmental impact assessments.
• A compendium that provides information
on the pilot projects (from planning to
evaluation) as well as general lessons
learned.
• A website with regular updates on
events and project progress. http://swim-
sustain-water.eu.

35. .
• Regional knowledge exchange
meetings, including site visits
• Regional training courses for relevant
policymakers as well as representatives
from related civil society organizations
and academia.

36. .
Implementing Partners at regional level :
Adelphi Research gGmbH, Italian
National Agency for New Technologies,
Energy and Sustainable Economic
Development,
German International Cooperation (GIZ)
based in Jordan.

37. Thank you