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Day 1 neno kukuric igrac - methodology
- 1. Almaty - July 2014 Pretashkent Aquifer Case Study Technical Workshop on Project Implementation Project Methodology Neno Kukuric - IGRAC
- 2. 2 GGRETA project at glance • Multi-disciplinary assessment • Hydrogeology • Environmental • Socio-economic • Legal & Institutional • Existing data •Target group for outputs is non-technical: Managers, Decision makers, Stake holders incl. general Public
- 3. 3 Groundwater assessment in general Hydrogeological aspect Delineation and description Static data and time-variable Classification, diagnostic analysis and zoning Data harmonisation and information management Environmental issues Socio-economic aspect Institutional setting Legal framework Geological Cross Section-6 NW SE (m ASL) 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 26418 23769 K Kalahari Beds B Kalkland Basalt Do Karoo Dolerite R Rietmond Member A Auob Member M Mukorob Member N Nossob Member P.E. Pre-Ecca Group 396 514 J-5(Martzivilla) 105 658 6646 J-9(Swart Modder) 110 1288 392 Section-3 Section-4 528 GR-1 555 ACP-29 ACP-30 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 (Km) 2931 12756 JO5-N(7995)Goachas 452 DWA-2 J-8(Tweeriver) 32272 328 1310 N N P.E. P.E. N P.E. Do P.E. B B M M M A A A A A R R R R R R K K K K Hoachanas Stampriet Gochas Auob R. Tweeriver Auob R. Section-1 Section-2
- 4. 4 TBA assessment: What’s so special ? • Sharing knowledge and data between countries • Harmonising information • Focus on transboundary issues And ultimately to agree on: • Most important issues (priorities) • the priority actions to be taken
- 5. Assessment report 5 m e n t - a d e f i n i t i o a consideration of all the facts about it (=the aquifer) and a judgement or opinion of the position and of what is likely to happen. source: Collins – English language dictionary This project: Data Indicators Projections
- 6. 6 Aquifer Assessment - 1: a consideration of all the facts about the aquifer and a judgement or opinion of the position and of what is likely to happen.
- 7. 7 Data A Physiography and Climate – Temperature** – Precipitation** – Evapo-transpiration – Land use** • Groundwater-fed agricultural land • Groundwater irrigated land • Groundwater supported wetlands and ecosystems • Areas with land subsidence – Topography: Elevation data (incl. slopes) ** – Surface water network **: global data sets available
- 8. 8 Data B Aquifer Geometry – Hydrogeological map – Geo-referenced boundary of the Transboundary Aquifer – Depth of water table/piezometric surface – Depth to top of aquifer formation – Vertical thickness of the aquifer Geological Cross Section-6 NW SE – Degree of confinement (m ASL) 1400 1300 1200 1100 – Aquifer's cross section 1000 900 800 700 26418 23769 K Kalahari Beds B Kalkland Basalt Do Karoo Dolerite R Rietmond Member A Auob Member M Mukorob Member N Nossob Member P.E. Pre-Ecca Group 396 514 J-5(Martzivilla) 105 658 6646 J-9(Swart Modder) 110 1288 392 Section-3 Section-4 528 GR-1 555 ACP-29 ACP-30 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 (Km) 2931 12756 JO5-N(7995)Goachas 452 DWA-2 J-8(Tweeriver) 32272 328 1310 N N P.E. P.E. N P.E. Do P.E. B B M M M A A A A A R R R R R R K K K K Hoachanas Stampriet Gochas Auob R. Tweeriver Auob R. Section-1 Section-2
- 9. 9 Data C Hydrogeological Characteristics – Aquifer recharge • Natural recharge • Return flows from irrigation • Managed aquifer recharge • Induced recharge • Extent recharge zones • Sources of recharge – Aquifer lithology – Soil types – Porosity – Transmissivity and vertical connectivity – Total groundwater volume – Groundwater depletion – Natural discharge mechanism – Discharge by springs
- 10. 10 Data D Environmental aspects – Suitability for human consumption (natural groundwater quality) – Groundwater pollution – Solid Waste and waste water control • Waste water being collected in sewerage systems • Waste water treated • Solid waste being stored in controlled land fields – Shallow groundwater table
- 11. 11 Data E Socio-economic aspects – Population (total and density)** – Groundwater use • Total volume groundwater abstraction • Groundwater abstraction for domestic use • Groundwater abstraction for us in agriculture and livestock • Groundwater abstraction for commercial and industrial use – Surface water use ** • Total volume of surface water use • Surface water for domestic use • Surface water use for agriculture / livestock • Surface water for commercial and industrial use – Dependence of industry and agriculture on groundwater – Percentage of population covered by public water supply – Percentage of population covered by public sanitation **: global data sets available
- 12. 12 Data F Legal Institutional A new methodology has been developed to analyse the existence, scope and implementation of: • Transboundary legal and institutional framework • Domestic legal and institutional framework including elements like: – Ownership of groundwater – Water resources planning – Groundwater abstraction and use – Abatement and control of groundwater pollution – Other water resources protection measures – Government and non-government (incl. informal) water institutions – Implementation, administration and enforcement of the legislation on the statute books
- 13. 13 Aquifer Assessment - 2: a consideration of all the facts about the aquifer and a judgement or opinion of the position and of what is likely to happen.
- 14. 14 g i v e a n o p i n i o n ?
- 15. 15 n d i c a t o r s To simplify complex systems
- 16. 16 s i n 6 c a t e g o r i e s 1. Defining or constraining the value of aquifers and their potential functions 2. Role and importance of groundwater for humans environment 3. Changes in groundwater state 4. Drivers of change and pressures 5. Enabling environment for TBA/SIDS resource management 6. Implementation of groundwater resources management measures The indicators presented are used in a parallel world-wide assessment - TWAP. For Pretashkent they can be modified to aquifer specific needs/relevance!
- 17. 17 Indicator group 1: Defining or constraining the value of aquifers and their potential functions 1.1 Recharge Rate 1. Very low: 2 mm/yr 2. Low: 2 -20 mm/yr 3. Medium: 20-100 mm/yr 4. High: 100-300 mm/yr 5. Very high: 300 mm/yr Long term mean groundwater recharge, incl. man-made components.
- 18. 18 Indicator group 1: Defining or constraining the value of aquifers and their potential functions 1.2 Renewable groundwater per capita 1. Low: 1000 m3/yr/capita 2. Medium: 1000 – 5000 m3/yr/capita 3. High: 5000 m3/yr/capita Long term mean gw recharge volume, incl. man-made components, divided by inhabitants on aquifer.
- 19. 19 Indicator group 1: Defining or constraining the value of aquifers and their potential functions 1.3 Natural Background Quality 1. Very low: 20% 2. Low: 20 - 40% 3. Medium: 40-60% 4. High: 60-80% 5. Very high: 80% Percentage of aquifer area with natural groundwater quality satisfying local drinking water standards.
- 20. 20 Indicator group 2: Role and importance of groundwater for humans environment 2.1 Human dependancy on Groundwater 1. Very low: 20% 2. Low: 20 -40% 3. Medium: 40-60% 4. High: 60-80% 5. Very high: 80% Groundwater Groundwater Percentage of groundwater in total water abstraction for all human water uses.
- 21. 21 Indicator group 3: Changes in groundwater state 3.1 Groundwater depletion 1. Absent to very low: 2 mm/yr 2. Low: 2 -20 mm/yr 3. Medium: 20-50 mm/yr 4. High: 50-100 mm/yr 5. Very high: 100 mm/yr Current rate of long term decrease of groundwater storage averaged over aquifer area.
- 22. 22 Indicator group 3: Changes in groundwater state 3.2 Groundwater Pollution 1. Very low: 5% 2. Low: 5 – 10% 3. Medium: 10-25% 4. High: 25-50% 5. Very high: 50% Observed polluted zones as percentage of total aquifer.
- 23. 23 Indicator group 4: Drivers of change and pressures 4.1 Population Density on Transboundary Aquifer Very low: 1 p/km2 2. Low: 1-10 p/km2 3. Medium: 10-100 p/km2 4. High: 100-1000 p/km2 5. Very high: 1000 p/km2 Number of people on top of aquifer per unit of area.
- 24. 24 Indicator group 4: Drivers of change and pressures 1. Very low: 2% 2. Low: 2-20% 3. Medium: 20-50% 4. High: 50-100% 5. Very high: 100% Total annual groundwater abstraction divided by long-term mean annual recharge. 4.2:
- 25. 25 Aquifer Assessment - 3: a consideration of all the facts about the aquifer and a judgement or opinion of the position and of what is likely to happen.
- 26. 26 Results from TWAP – WaterGAP modelling: Indicative Projections for 2030 and 2050 • Annual amount of renewable groundwater resources per capita (indicator 1.2) • Human dependency on groundwater (indicator 2.1) • Population density (indicator 4.1) • Groundwater development stress (indicator 4.2) Groundwater
- 27. 27 Additional building blocks for the assessment: THEMATIC MAPS
- 28. 28 Additional building blocks for the assessment: Cross-sections
- 29. 29 Additional building blocks for the assessment: • Illustrative graphs of time dependent data • Overview tables • Block-diagrams • Assessment report – Current situation – Outlook for the future – Root-cause analyses of issues – Suggestions for action
- 30. • Indicators • Thematic maps • Overview tables and images • Illustrative graphs (time dependent data) • Conceptual model (cross-sections etc) • Assessment report 30 Project workflow and outputs • Structured and harmonised data sets (excel tables) • Information Management System
- 31. 31 Project workflow / tasks 1. Data collection (incl. data entry and digitising of relevant information) 2. Taking stock (which data are available and which not) and fine-tuning of methodology (data indicators) 3. Structuring of data 4. Harmonising data 5. Producing outputs: Indicators, thematic maps, overview tables, illustrative graphs, conceptual model, assessment report
- 32. 32 Thank you
Notas del editor
- Presentation will provide an overview of the methodology for the project. This methodology is derived from a global project in which more than 200 aquifers are being assessed. The methodology will also be applied in parallel in two other case studies: The Stampriet aquifer in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa & The Triffinio Aquifer in Costa Rica, Guatemala and Honduras. The methodology is ment to be globally applicable, but when going through the methodology national experts will find that: Some elements might not be applicable to the Pretashkent aquifer or they might need some fine-tuning Maybe some elements which are specific to the Pretashkent aquifer may not be fully covered by the methodology and have to be added In both cases the methodology can be modified to accommodate for aquifer specific issues.
- Before going into the details of the methodology a few important elements in the project design need to be made clear: Multi-disciplinary assessment: 4 pillars which need to be in balance! The project aims to rely mainly on existing data which will have to be collected from every possible source like ministries (water, agriculture, industry, etc), government institutes like geological surveys, non-governmental institutes, universities, literature, etc, etc. There is only very limited budget for fieldwork. Only once the most crucial data gaps have been identified will it be discussed if it is feasible to collect additional data in the field. Target group: It is important to bear in mind throughout the project that the target group for this assessment is non-technical. The project aims to provide information on the aquifer’s situation in such a way that it can be understood and used by decision makers and other stake-holders. This means that we do not want to produce technical reports etc, but an assessment avoiding technical terms and focussing on simplified thematic maps, clear graphics depicting the conceptual model of the aquifer (system) and the most important processes relevant for the management and governance of the aquifer.
- Stressing once more that we are not performing a hydrogeological study, but a multi-disciplinary assessment!
- In previous slide elements of aquifer assessment where explained. This slide describes how transboundary assessment differs from assessment of a national aquifer.
- Aquifer assessment: a consideration of all the facts about the aquifer and a judgement or opinion of the position and of what is likely to happen. all the facts: describing an aquifer by means of many data judgement: indicators what is likely to happen: projections through WaterGAP modelling + expert judgement of relevant developments Will use this definition as a guide or general outline for my presentation.
- Explain the reasoning behind indicators: As explained in previous slides we will be collecting lots of data on different topics, in different formats (maps, tables, reports, ect). With a huge amount of data it is difficult to create an overview. Or to follow the definition of assessment: It is difficult ‘to give an opinion’. This is where the indicators come in.
- Role of indicators: to simplify AND to bring a message across to none-hydrogeologists: policy makers / decision makers
- Some 20 indicators have been developed. Some of them might have to be fine-tuned to describe issues which might be specific to the Pretashkent. In the following slides examples of some of the indicators are given. Showing that indicators are in essence clever combinations of data to generate clear messages about the aquifer.
- Recharge rate: Long-term mean ground-water recharge, including man-made components (return-flows, induced recharge, artificial recharge), divided by area This slide shows units in mm/yr. This can be changed to km3/yr if so desired.
- Renewable groundwater resources per capita: Long-term mean ground-water recharge (VOLUME), including man-made components, divided by the number of inhabitants of the area occupied by the aquifer This gives an indication of the sustainability of the system and the carrying capacity of the groundwater system in relation to the population.
- Natural background quality: Percentage of the area occupied by the aquifer where groundwater is found of which natural quality satisfies local drinking water standards , This means mapping of areas with natural occurrence of high salinity, fluoride, arsenic etc.
- Definitions: Human dependency on groundwater: Percentage of groundwater in total water abstraction for all human water uses. So this includes: domestic, agricultural and industrial
- Groundwater depletion: Observed current rate of long-term progressive decrease of groundwater storage (accompanied by steadily declining ground-water levels), expressed as an equivalent depth of water averaged over the aquifer. NOTE: depletion is NOT the same as water level decline or cone of depression!
- Groundwater pollution: Observed polluted zones as a percentage of total aquifer area (due to pollution caused water quality to exceed drinking water quality standards)
- Population density: Number of people per unit of area on top of the aquifer All components will be using the same data of “Gridded population of the world” a 10 x 10 km2 grid?! consistency between the TWAP components
- Groundwater development stress: Total annual groundwater abstraction divided by long-term mean annual groundwater recharge Note: It’s not by definition “good enough” to stay below 100% It depends on the system what is a critical value. In some systems 20% might already cause problems.
- Aquifer assessment: a consideration of all the facts about the aquifer and a judgement or opinion of the position and of what is likely to happen. 3 – what is likely to happen: projections through modelling + expert judgement
- In the parallel TWAP project, which involves a world-wide assessment of some 200 transboundary aquifers and groundwater systems of small island developing states, the university of Frankfurt is working with a global model called WaterGAP. This model can include scenario’s for water use based on population changes etc. Outcomes of TWAP can be used in this assessment. In addition the experts involved will have to use local knowledge to describe potential future developments, issues and opportunities.
- Not only ‘proper’ hydrogeological cross-sections like the one in the lower right corner BUT ALSO: Schematised diagrams explaining the conceptual model of the aquifer (for example: where are the main pollution risks in relation to the recharge area? Where are the major groundwater abstractions etc etc)